PROJECT TIME MANAGEMENT
Scheduling Module - SBM ITB
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PLANNING & SCHEDULING
I. PROJECT PLANNING:
defines the work (scope)
that will be done on the
project and who will do it.
II. PROJECT SCHEDULING
Estimates and setting the
project time duration (A
Part of project Planning)
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Planning Activities & Decisions
• Identify the project customer
• Establish the end product or service
• Set project objectives
• Estimate total resources and time required
• Decide on the form of project organization
• Make key personnel appointments
• Define major tasks required
• Establish a budget
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Scheduling Activities & Decisions
Develop a detailed work-breakdown structure (WBS)
Estimated time required for each task
Sequence tasks in proper order
Develop a start/stop time for each task
Develop detailed budget for each task
Assign people to tasks
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Execution & Control
Monitor actual time, cost, and performance
Compare planned to actual figures
Determine whether corrective action is needed
Evaluate alternative corrective actions
Take appropriate corrective actions
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Execution and Control
What are ‘corrective actions?’
When one or more activities threaten the time, cost,
or performance of the project, a corrective action is
necessary:
Redefine the activity (e.g. split the activity).
Add resources to the activity.
Shift resources from one activity to another
➢ Resources = people, equipment, money (RBS)
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Scheduling Methods
Gantt Charts
Shown as a bar charts
Do not show precedence relations
Visual & easy to understand
Network Methods
Shown as a graphs or networks
Show precedence relations
More complex, difficult to understand and costly than
Gantt charts
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BASIC GANTT EXAMPLE
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SUMMARY GANTT EXAMPLE
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STOPLIGHT GANTT EXAMPLE
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Constant-Time Networks
Activity times are assumed to be constant
Activities are represented by nodes in the network
Arrows show the precedence relationships
Notations used in calculating start and finish times:
ES(a) = Early Start of activity a
EF(a) = Early Finish of activity a
LS(a) = Late Start of activity a
LF(a) = Late Finish of activity a
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Network Example as an in Class Exercise
‘Write a Business Report’
Immediate Duration
Activity Description Predecessors Days
A Decide on Topic None 1
B Collect Data A 2
C Search the Internet A 3
D Write the Report B and C 5
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Network Diagram for ‘Write a Business Plan’
A D
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Calculating ES, EF, LS, LF, and Completion Time
Forward Pass:
ES (a) = 0 for the starting activity
EF (a) = ES (a) + t (a)*
ES (a) = max [EF (all predecessors of a)]
Project completion time = max [EF(all ending activities)]
Backward pass:
LF (a) = min [LS (all successors of a)]
LS (a) = LF - t(a)*
* t (a) denotes the duration of activity a
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Forward Pass for ‘Write a Business Plan’
1 3
B
0 1 4 9
A D
ES EF
1 4
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Backward Pass for ‘Write a Business Plan’
1 3
B
0 1 4 9
2 4
A D
4 9
ES EF 0 1
1 4
C
LS LF
1 4
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Critical Path
Critical Path = longest path in the network
All activities for which ES=LS and EF=LF
Length of critical path is equal to the project completion
time
If there is any delay on the critical path, the project will be
delayed (unless one takes ‘corrective actions’)
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Slack Times
Slack time equals amount of time a path may be delayed
without delaying the project
Paths not on the critical path have slack
Slack = LS-ES or LF-EF
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QUIZ#2: Precedence & times for Opening a New Office➔ total time & CP?
Activity in (Later result:
Immediate week(s) computed)
Activity Description Predecessors Time (Slack)
1 Lease the site None 1
2 Hire the workers 1 5
3 Arrange for the Furnishings 1 1
4 Install the furnishings 3 2
5 Arrange for the phones 1 1
6 Install the phones 4,5 1
7 Move into the Office 2,6,4 2
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