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Russian Equivalents for Science Terms

The document discusses the definition and purpose of science. It explores how science involves observation, experimentation, and developing theories to expand knowledge. The document also notes that science is a global, ongoing process that is both a body of knowledge and a way of discovering how the universe works.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
23 views4 pages

Russian Equivalents for Science Terms

The document discusses the definition and purpose of science. It explores how science involves observation, experimentation, and developing theories to expand knowledge. The document also notes that science is a global, ongoing process that is both a body of knowledge and a way of discovering how the universe works.
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

SCIENCE

I. Read and translate the text.


The word "science" probably brings to mind many different pictures: a fat
textbook, white lab coats and microscopes, an astronomer peering through a
telescope, a naturalist in the rainforest, Einstein's equations scribbled on a
chalkboard, the launch of the space shuttle, bubbling beakers ...

There are many forms of science, and together they study the nature and
behaviour of the universe and everything in it. Science comes from Latin scientia,
meaning "knowledge". The main purpose of science is to expand the human
knowledge. Scientists find out what they want to know by practical methods.
Science is a creative and dynamic activity. It is an expression of human experience.
Science involves observation and measurement, imagination and hypothesis,
communication and criticism.
A scientist observes and measures objects and phenomena of physical world.
He analyses behaviour of matter and energy. He generalizes from collection of
observations, and measurements, and relationships. He develops theories and uses
them as guides to new experiments and observations.
Thus, first, a scientist identifies and classifies multiple facts and data.
Then, he generalizes and systematizes analogous facts of specific character.
Further, he deduces conclusions as to general and systematic character of
analogous facts combinations.
Finally, he illustrates conclusions with different facts of reality.
Thus,
observation and identification,
classification and systematization,
generalization and illustration
provide foundation for concept formation.
Moreover, the scientist continually communicates with his colleagues through
the scientific literature, in scientific meetings, and in informal person-to-person
seminars and discussions. Thus, modern science is communication!
Basic knowledge of science is essential for everyone. It helps people to find
their way in the changing world.

II. Give the Russian equivalents for the following words.


scientist behaviour
creative activity relationship
experience method
to observe to classify
observation classification
to measure data
measurement different
imagination to provide
hypothesis colleague
to expand discussion
knowledge conclusion

III. Mark the sentences T (true), F (false) or N (no information).


1. There are different branches of science.
2. Scientists gather empirical evidence to create rational hypotheses and theories
that explain certain phenomena.
3. Scientists test their hypotheses with experiments.
4. A scientist systematizes facts of specific character after he deduces conclusions.
5. Scientists study the Universe and how to use its possibilities for the benefit of
men.

IV. Answer the questions.


1. What is the origin of the word science?
2. What is the main purpose of science?
3. How do scientists find out what they want to know?
4. What does science involve?
5. Are discussions necessary for scientists? Why or why not?
6. Why is science so important in our life?
7. What famous scientists do you know? What are they famous for?

V. Match the statements with explanations.


 Science is both a body of knowledge and a process.
 Science is exciting.
 Science is useful.
 Science is ongoing.
 Science is a global human endeavour.
1) The knowledge generated by science is powerful and reliable. It can be used to
develop new technologies, treat diseases, and deal with many other sorts of
problems.

2) In school, science may sometimes seem like a collection of isolated and static
facts listed in a textbook, but that's only a small part of the story. Just as
importantly, science is also a process of discovery that allows us to link isolated
facts into coherent and comprehensive understandings of the natural world.
3) People all over the world participate in the process of science.

4) Science is a way of discovering what's in the universe and how those things
work today, how they worked in the past, and how they are likely to work in the
future. Scientists are motivated by the thrill of seeing or figuring out something
that no one has before.

5) Science is continually refining and expanding our knowledge of the universe,


and as it does, it leads to new questions for future investigation. Science will never
be “finished”.

VI. Complete the table and translate the words.


Verb Noun Verb Noun
measure measurement collect collection
develop discuss
involve imagine
manage illustrate
improve express
move identify
agree classify
advertise observe
employ generalize
invest found
pay conclude
require communicate
achieve systematize
arrange decide
argue create

VII. What do they study? What is a science of...


... stars and galaxies? ....sight and light? ... human past?...
... mind and behaviour? ... wealth*? number, shape,
... matter and motion? quantity?
*(Wealth means goods and services transacted with the help of money)

VIII. Study the information given in the table.


science hypothesis theory experiment result

definition a system for an idea or a formal set a scientific the


organizing the explanation of of ideas that test that is information
knowledge sth that is based is intended to done in order that you get
about a on a few known explain why to study what from a
particular facts but that has sth happens happens and scientific test
subject not yet been or exists to gain new or piece of
proved to be knowledge research
true or correct

collocations to study to formulate / to to carry out to get / analyse


science, make / propose / formulate /conduct /evaluate
environmental discuss / support /propose /do /publish
science, / accept / reject /confirm /perform results, the
applied science hypothesis, /prove theory /describe results of the
acceptable experiment, experiment
/working experiment confirm...
/scientific on animals
hypothesis

IX. Complete the sentences with the words from the table.
1. According to the _____ of relativity, nothing can travel faster than light.
2. Many people do not like the idea of _____ on animals.
3. _____ ______ is an interdisciplinary academic field that integrates physical and
biological sciences to the study of the environment, and the solution of
environmental problems.
4. The results of the experiment ______ our predictions.
5. They hope to _____ their results in this scientific journal next month.
6. _____ _____ is a suggested explanation of a group of facts or phenomena
provisionally accepted as a basis for further investigation and testing.
7. The only pure way to ______ the results of the experiment is to repeat it and see
if the results are identical.

X. Discuss the following problems with your groupmates. Illustrate your


opinion with examples.
 Is science exciting or boring?
 Can science be dangerous?

Common questions

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Science is considered both a body of knowledge and a process because it encompasses a vast repository of verified information and theories, alongside the methodologies used to discover these truths. The body of knowledge refers to the established understanding like theories, while the process involves the scientific method—observation, hypothesis formulation, experimentation, and conclusion—which is essential for new discoveries .

Hypothesis formation is a critical step in the scientific process as it provides a tentative explanation for observations, guiding subsequent experimentation. A well-constructed hypothesis allows for predictions that can be tested and refined, ultimately contributing to the development of robust theories. The iterative process of hypothesis testing and adjustment is fundamental for advancing scientific knowledge and adapting theories to include new data .

Scientific inquiry is not just about memorizing isolated facts; it is fundamentally a process of discovery that connects these facts into comprehensive understandings of the natural world. This approach involves formulating hypotheses, conducting experiments, and refining theories to expand our knowledge continually. In contrast, viewing science as a static body of facts overlooks the ongoing, dynamic nature of the scientific process .

The excitement and thrill of scientific discovery significantly contribute to motivation by providing intrinsic rewards for scientists. The opportunity to explore the unknown, solve intricate puzzles, and potentially innovate on a global scale entices scientists to pursue challenging research questions. This passion for discovering new phenomena and contributing to meaningful advancements is a powerful motivator in the scientific community .

Scientists utilize classification and systematization by identifying patterns and organizing data into meaningful categories and systems. This approach helps in forming coherent concepts by grouping similar observations and phenomena, facilitating generalization and theory development. Such methodological structuring is vital for making sense of complex information and fostering scientific advancements .

Basic knowledge of science is essential because it enables individuals to understand and navigate the rapidly changing world. It equips people with critical thinking skills necessary for evaluating information, understanding technological advancements, and making informed decisions. Moreover, scientific literacy helps individuals engage in discussions about scientific developments impacting society, such as climate change and medical advancements .

The concept of ongoing scientific inquiry challenges the notion that science can be 'finished' because new discoveries often lead to further questions and refinements. Science is a dynamic process, where accumulating knowledge continually raises new questions and complexities. This iterative cycle means that while specific scientific problems may be solved, the broader pursuit of understanding is open-ended, fueling perpetual exploration and theory evolution .

Scientific methods are not purely systematic; they embody creativity and imagination, which are crucial for formulating hypotheses and designing experiments. While observation and measurement provide quantitative data, creativity helps scientists envision novel solutions and develop innovative experimental approaches. This blend of methodical rigor and creative thinking is essential for pioneering scientific advances and overcoming research challenges .

Science contributes to global human endeavors by providing reliable knowledge and technologies that address universal challenges such as health, environmental issues, and technology development. This global aspect of science fosters international collaboration, driving innovation and progress across countries. Significantly, it helps in solving complex global problems by combining diverse scientific perspectives and resources, leading to comprehensive solutions .

Communication is crucial for the progress and dynamism of science, as it facilitates the exchange of ideas, peer review, and dissemination of discoveries. Scientists communicate through literature, meetings, and discussions, which enrich individual insights and foster collaborative research efforts. This exchange accelerates scientific development by introducing a diversity of perspectives, validating findings, and inspiring new lines of inquiry .

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