PLANNING PRINCIPLES
1. Retail shops
2. Departmental Stores
3. FOODCOURT,CAFÉ AND RESTAURANT
4. Entertainment Avenues
5. Office
6. Services
7. Parking
8. Requirements for differently abled
9. Emergency services
[Link] shops
Straightplan PathwayplanDiagonalplan
Mixedplan
Curvedplan Geometricplan
•[Link];
•[Link]
•[Link]•Ge
neralsizeoftheshopsare:
•12’-
19’wideminimum•23’-
30’widemaximum
•floorheight:•8’-
9’incaseofthebasement•12’incaseofthegroun
dfloor
•Ifthereisamezzanine,atleast7’-6’’abovefloorlevelisrequired.
2. Departmental Stores
•
Adepartmentstoreisaretailestablishmentofferingawide
rangeofconsumergoodsindifferentproductcategoriesk
nownas"departments“
•
topselfshouldnotbeover1.8mhigh,permittinganangle
ofviewnotmorethan15degreeabovethehorizontal
•
toreachzonestartsatabout0.3mabovethefloor,theminim
umheightofthebottomshelf
•
possibleroomsupto25ftwideshouldbefreeofcolu
mns.
minimumheightsofspaces
•
FOODCOURT,CAFEANDR
ESTAURANT
Foodstorage20%•
preparation14%•c
ooking8%
•baking10%
•warewashing5%•Trafficaisles18%•tras
hstorage5%•employeefacilities15 [Link]
%•Miscellaneous2% rebestlocatedatthemiddleofagro
upoftablesoratthecornerofthetab
le.
[Link]
shouldrelatetothefloorarea;≤50
m2,2.5m;>50m2,2.75m;>100m
2,≥3.0m.
3.Minimumwidthofserviceaisle0.9-
1.35mifusedbothbytrolleysand
guests
[Link].5-
[Link].4-
0.6m2.
[Link]:¼-1/2.
[Link]-25%.
[Link]-
upareas.
Lightinginkitchen:215lux(minimum)Th
eminimumwidthofescaperoutes:1.0mf
or150people
EntertainmentAvenues•
Movietheater
•Gameparlor
Projectionroom:
[Link]
[Link]
projectorshouldbe2mabovethelastseating.
Seatingarrangement
Seatingareasofcinemashouldbewithin0.85-
[Link]
gbetweentheendofthechairandthefrontoftheothershouldnotbelessthan
45cm.Thedistancefrombacktobackofseatsshouldbeminimum900mm
[Link]
loorgradientisachievedbyaninclinationofupto10%orbytheuseofsteps
withmaximumstepheight16cm.
Lineofsight.
Theviewinganglefromthefirstrowofseattothecenterofthescreens
[Link]
attothecenterofthescreenshouldnot
Ventilation
exceed38degreesminimumof1000cubicfeetfreshairperhourshouldbeprovidedfor
everymemberoftheaudience.Presentdaypracticeis1250-
1300cubicfeet.
Sound
Theloudspeakersshouldbedistributedaroundtheauditoriumsothatthevo
lumedifferencebetweenthefirstandthelastrowdonotexceed4db
Office
• .Ingeneralofficebuildingtendtofallintothreecategories:closedplan,openpl
[Link]
• Theamountofplanningflexibilitiesrequired
• Theamountofvisualandacousticprivacyrequired•
Initialandlifecyclecosts
Floorarearequirement
Officearearequirementsarecalculatedintwoparts:
[Link](standardindividualspacexnumbersofpeople)
+allowancesforimmediateancillaryneeds+afactor(usually15%)forprimarycircula
tion.
[Link]-
peoplespaceshouldbecalculatedbyestimatesbasedonpractice+anadditionalfacto
rforprimarycirculation.
Arepresentativecalculationofthespacerequirementforaworkstationisasfollows:
Thefollowingfloortoceilingheightsarerecommendedforfloorareasof:
Worksroom,min 8m2floorarea
Freecirculationspace,min 1.5m2perperson,butmin1mwide
Surroundingvolumeofair,min 12m3whenmostworkisdonewhileseated
15m3whenmostworkdonenotseatedUpt
o50m2 2.5
Over50m2
2.75mOver100m2
3mOver250&upto2000m2 3.25m
•The5’x5’officeplanningmoduleiscommonlyused Fig:Planningmoduleforlayoutofgeneraloffic
[Link] espaces
e4’x4’and6’x6’alsocanbeused.
Fig:[Link]
ntinuouswindows
Parking;
The90°parkingismoreeconomicalinspa
cerequirement(20-
22m²percar),45°parking(23-
26m²percar)canbemoreconvenient.O
pencarparksorbasementcarparksared
esignfortheofficecomplexwhichalsow
orksintown-
centreparking,touristsites,supermarke
tsandmultiplexcinemas.
Services
Theratiooffittingsinmaleandfemaletoiletsshallbe3:5,forexample,1WCand2
Urinalsformale:[Link].
Thereshouldbeatleasta900mmclearanceinfrontoftheurinaltoanywall,fixtureor
door.Urinalsshouldbeseparatedbymodestyboardsofnotlessthan300mm
x1800mm(Height)toactasavisualbarrierbetweenurinals.
WashBasins
[Link]
sizeof500mminlengthand400mminwidth.
WaterClosets(WCs)
AWCshouldnotbesetcloserthan450mmfr
omitscentertoanysidewall,partition,vani
[Link]
asta900mmclearanceinfrontoftheWCtoa
nywall,[Link]
nedquantityofnotmorethan4.5litersofwa
terperflushaftereachuse.
Designstandardfordifferentlyabled
Ramps
Minimumgradientof1:8[7degrees]forthedifferenceinheightnotm
orethan450mm
Minimumgradientof1:12[5degrees]forthedifferenceinheightmor
ethan450mm
[Link]
tformshallnotbelessthan1.2minlengthandthesamewidthastheram
p.
[Link]
enings
Shallhaveflushthresholdoratmaximumthresholdlimitshallnotex
ceed12mm
Minimumclearwidthinopenings:800mm
Minimumclearwidthinmainopenings900mm
Handrailsshallbeprovidediftotalriseexceeds1mandshouldbepos
itionedbetween850mmand1mabovethesurfaceofsuchramp.
EmergencyServices:
•Themaximumnumberofliftsinonerowforaliftbank=4.
•Awallof2hfireratingshallseparateindividualshaftsinabank.
•Collapsiblegatesshallnotbepermittedfortheliftsandshallhavesoliddo
orswithfireresistanceofatleast1h.
•[Link]
alEscapeRoutes:
•[Link]
mumnumberofsteps=15steps
Minimum=3stepsaccessofthetheatreintheupperstoreyshouldhaveatl
easttwoindependentstairsoffire-proofconstruction.