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Mass, Weight, and Density Explained

Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object, measured in kilograms. Weight is the force of gravity acting on an object, measured in newtons. Weight depends on mass and gravitational field strength. On Earth, weight is proportional to mass, as gravitational field strength is approximately 10 N/kg. Density is a measure of mass per unit volume, measured in kg/m3. It does not depend on location or gravitational field. Instruments like beam balances and spring scales are used to measure mass and weight.

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34 views6 pages

Mass, Weight, and Density Explained

Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object, measured in kilograms. Weight is the force of gravity acting on an object, measured in newtons. Weight depends on mass and gravitational field strength. On Earth, weight is proportional to mass, as gravitational field strength is approximately 10 N/kg. Density is a measure of mass per unit volume, measured in kg/m3. It does not depend on location or gravitational field. Instruments like beam balances and spring scales are used to measure mass and weight.

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Mass , Weight and Density

Mass :
It is amount of matter in a substance .

SI-Unit : Kg
Other units :

1 kg = 1000 g
1 g = 1000 mg

It is scalar quantity, and remains constant anywhere in the


universe .

Weight :

It is a force of gravity on an object.

On earth , it is a force with which earth attracts the other object


towards its center.

➢ It is always directed toward the center of earth.

➢ It is vector quantity .

➢ Weight of an object changes as gravitational field strength


changes.

➢ Weight of an object in space is zero, where gravitational field


strength is zero.

➢ Gravitational field strength ( g ) on earth is 10 N/kg.

➢ SI unit = N ( newton )

1
Relation between mass and weight :

Weight α Mass

( Weight is directly proportional to mass)

Weight = m x g

( Where on earth, g =10 N/kg )

Example 1 :

If mass of an object is 5 kg , then find its weight on


earth?

Sol:
Weight = m x g

W = 5 x 10 = 50 N

2
Example 2 :

Weight of an object on earth is 60 N, where gravitational


field strength g is 10 N/kg.
Find its weight on moon, where gravitational field strength is
1.6 N/kg.

Sol :
On earth ,

Weight = 60 N

Mass = ?

W=mxg

60 = m x 10

m = 6 kg

On Moon,

Mass remains same i.e m = 6 kg

W=mxg

W = 6 x 1.6 = 9.6 N

………………………………………………………

3
Measuring Instruments :

1. Beam balance
2. Newton-meter ( spring balance)
3. Digital balance.

➢ Beam balance is used to measure mass. It give same readings


on earth and moon.
➢ Newton-meter is used to measure weight of an object.
➢ Newton-meter give different reading on earth and moon.
➢ Reading of newton meter depends on gravitational field
strength, where as beam balance compare the two masses.

Beam Balance

Newton-meter

……………………………………………..

4
Density ƥ :

Mass per unit volume is known as density.

𝑴𝒂𝒔𝒔
Density =
𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆

𝑴
ƥ =
𝑽

SI unit = kg/m3 or Kg m-3

Other units = g/cm3

Conversion of unit:

g/cm3 kg/m3

Example :
1kg = 1000 g
1m = 100 cm

Density = 20 g/cm3
𝟐𝟎
Density = x 100 x 100 x100 = 20,000 kg/m3
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
……………………………………………………….

5
Things to remember about density:

1. Density remains same even if an object is divided into two


or more parts.

Iron rod is divided into two parts , but density remains


same.

2. Density decreases when temperature increases.


3. Density sometime also depends on shape of object.

Density of common pin is more than the density of ship as


ship occupies more volume of air.

4. Less dense object float on the surface of water and more


dense object sink into the water.

………………………………………………………

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