Chapter 2: defining globalization

1. When did the term(globalization) become popular? Briefly illustrate the popularity
of the term (globalization).

 It’s started from 15th century that use words Globe from Latin globus in English
language. After that in the late 17th century they started to use words in Global term.
As well as, in 1940s the words of globalize and globalism are appeared. So, 1959 the
words globalization started surfaced in the English language, and after that in 1961 it
entered a dictionary. In late 20th century (1980s) the globalization become famous
because many article use it many time, every time as well as everywhere.

2. Why is a clear and precise definition of globalization necessary? What are the
criteria of meaningful definition? Briefly explain.
 Sometimes, people known about it definition, not meaning. So it necessary because
definition can affect our knowledge and our understanding, as well as knowledge and
understanding can shape policies behaviors and outcomes. So, definition can involve into
polices which would shape state action.
 If their definition (positive): it can make their economic more increasing, peace, security,
trade and cooperation keep growing.
 However, if their definition(negative): it can have led state face many issues such as
terrorism, genocide, ethic issues and so on.
 So, we need to be careful about definition.
But how to choose a good definition?
 There are 5 criteria of a good definition:
1. It serves to advance new knowledge
2. It should be as neutral as possible
3. It is relative to a context
4. It is not fixed, definition
5. It is clear, precise, explicit, consistent and cogent.
However,
1. It serves to advance new knowledge: it referred to open for finding something new, new
term, but if it’s a new term it will explain something new also. Actually, some definition
uses a new term but their phenomenon is still the same. Eg, liberalization: past promote
cooperation and it still keep those concepts till nowadays. It meant that there is nth new
in liberalization term.
2. It should be as neutral as possible: but nth in this world is stay neutral, as well as
definition will biases.
3. It is relative to context: if it is a modern context, definition will in the modern time while
context can not stay forever.
4. It not fixed, definition: actually, definition will change from time to time.
 5. It is clear, explicit, consistent and cogent: it need support from empirical evidence, it not
refers to imagine but really existed (eg, those connect must be exist).

3. What are the weakness of the following definition of(globalization)?

 Globalization is internationalization:
 Bias: they did not stay neutral, actually they focused only rule of state not
individual actors.
 Redundant: there is nothing new. They just talking about the relation btw states
while this action happened for a long time.
 Globalization is liberalization:
 Bias: its talking only economic
 Redundant: just clamed about the trade relation among states, and cus of those
action can make state economic more increasing while its happened ready in the
past.
 Globalization is universalization:
 Bias: favor to dominant the culture to the world.
 Redundant: actually, universalization is talking about the spread same thing
among states. For instance, spread such as cultural, economic while those thing
happened for a long time.
 Globalization is westernization:
 Bias: just focused only the western culture spread to around the world.
 Redundant: The spread of western culture ready use since colony period.

4. What is the 5th definition of globalization? Why does the author argue that this
definition is the best of all? Briefly explain.
It’s the Respatialization: is the spread of transplanetary and supraterrriorial. Actually,
Respatialization is the space in order to make our perspective to define the word of
globalization.
The author argue that this definition is the best of all cus:
 New knowledge: just we known that in the past we still have a travel but currently travel
is much better rather than before. Ex, airplane, bus….
 Not bias: they did not refer to economic, or political term, they just stay in neutral.
 Not fix: actually, nowadays we use technology in order to connected with one another
while in the future those technologies will more develop than today.
 Cogent: they ready have an evidence that those connected are ready existed.

5. Briefly explain the differences between (global) and (world, international,

[Link] and briefly explain various instances of globality in the contemporary area.
The character of globalization as the spread of transplanetary connections and it also include
supraterritoral. So, globality can touch pretty well in all aspects in social life. Actually, the great
ideas of globality is showing through:
 Communication: currently, everyone using internet in order to share information,
talking, discussion or can video call with who is far from them. So, because of internet
news can spread around the world. Moreover, phone in nowadays are more update so
everyone can easy to connected with one another faster and quickly. As well as, because
of globality can create the express postal services, it meant that we can easy buy the
product from other country. For instance, if u want to buy the product from US, u not
need to go to US directly just buy it through app and so on.
 Travel: other of globality create in the transplanetary movement of people. Well, the
mode of transport in the world more improve such as increase of ship, airplane, train,
bus and so on. But sometimes they travel of migrant, tourism, or refugees.
 Productions: many productions are going to competition and sold through global market,
for instance as coca, Nike or Toyota.
 Money: because of global communication, travel from one state to other state, production
more competition in global market all of those are linked to global money. For example,
US dollar, Japanese yen, the British pound those of all money are much more than
national currencies. Because the way that product move as the money move to other.
Moreover, bank card with access to global ATM networks. So, it meant that their money
more connected from states around the world.
 Finance: As we known that banking provide load to everyone and there is no
discriminate from who they are or where they leave, as well as, globality was created the
securities market to everyone that make them easy to gain more profits while they sell,
or buy stock, security, bond and so on.
 Organization: nowadays, associations are coordinate the activities of individual spread
across the planet. And there are many actors in the global organization such as MNCs
(private), state-sponsor and non-state. Actually, as we can see the activities of state-
sponsor such as UN, WTO, IMF and UNESCO that those of them are extend across the
planet. And for non-state actors as NGOs or CS group those of them are more
cooperation across the planet either.
 Military: In military part it divided it into 2 part: 1, global weapon: actually, the
weapon keep ability to attack everyone and every targets. 2, global campaign is referring
to military campaign, it meant that how u expand military to other states. For ex, UN
about the military campaign as we can see that they spread the peace-keeping in order to
expand military to other states in order to keep the conflict or issues, as well as if we refer
to state military campaign, it meant that state try to expand the military around the world.
For instance, as US try to expand the military to other states.
 Ecology: it refers to global warming, global cooperation and global environment
pollution. For ecology part, it has a both of positive and negative point. So, for positive
point it meant that state and non-state increase of cooperation and its increase meeting
among states in order to discuss among states or find any solutions that they faced.
However, for negative point, it refers to the pollution that effect from another states. Such
as global environment pollution as we can see the haze pollution from Indonesia it will
spread affect to other country as SG, Malaysia and so on. So, it made other country need
to come together in order to solution those issues while it will face many challenge in
those issues cus sometime state need to protect their own national interest.
 Health: for the positive point, it made the world become more connection as the global
cooperation and global health crisis that they need to come together in order to solution
the problems. However, for negative connections it will spread disease from one area to
other. EX, the disease from Africa spread to Asia.
 Law: it refers to the global law that this law will applies across the world such as the UN
charter.
 Consciousness: as the global view: it wants to create the global languages in order to
use as the global (spounish) while it failed and it also refer to global symbol/event, it
refer to activities as the global such as world-cup or Olympic game. Moreover, it also
stated about the global thinking/view. For instance, they will think the world are the one,
they care about other state as the WHO (help all the states).
[Link] explain the major qualification to the 5th definition of globalization? (what
cautions need to be taken when the 5th notion of globalization is applied?
Actually, when the 5 th notion of globalization is applied it is crucial reject the following six
non-sequiturs:
1. Globalism: they think that the world currently is globalized while it meant that the border
become less as well as they can easy to communicate across the nation. But, it the mis-
understanding cus of many reasons: eg, flight to anywhere still need to go to airport. And
territory is still matter to some extent.
2. Reification: actually, they want to make global, regional, nation, local more separate
from other, it meant that they want to make it clear during their space from one to another
one. Meanwhile, in the social world we can not separate it far away cus we can not
clearly define among it. Eg, SUMSUNG production, we can not define it as local or
global product.
3. Global/ local binaries: global can considers as the enemy of local cus local think itself
always good while they stated that global are bad. So, both of local and global did not
have a global of think
4. Cultural homogenization: people believe that they have the same of identity. Well, it will
become of Mis-understanding cus in some context will understand based on their own
identity. According to the authors, they stated that globalized will make state become
same identity but also different from another it can called (hybrid-identity). Actually, in
the globalization will divided by 2 part: globalized and localized. For globalized it meant
that we try to change something in order to fit with another. Ex, food btw Islamic and
china. And localized refers to we need to make it same faction for other. Ex, phone for
western, Asia, and Africa.
5. Universality: it refers to same planet same of equality. Eg, rural and urban area they will
get same rights to get global, and connected but in reality it not cus it still unequal btw
rural and urban area.
6. Political neutrality: in the world there is nothing stay neutral. Eg, some group think that
they will gain benefit from competition cus they think that both of transplanetary and
supraterrriorial stay in neutral but it the reality it is not all cus it’s can give more benefit
to one group rather than other.