Example 8-1
Martin Products
State of Economy Probability of this demand Rate of return Product
P R P*R
Strong 0.3 80% 0.24
Normal 0.4 10% 0.04
Weak 0.3 -60% -0.18
Expected Return 10%
Rhat
US water
State of Probability of
Economy this demand Rate of return Product
P R P*R
Strong 0.3 15% 5%
Normal 0.4 10% 4%
Weak 0.3 5% 2%
Expected Return 10%
Table 8-2
Martin Products
State of Economy Probability of this demand Rate of return Deviation (Actual -Expected Return)
P R R -Rhat
Strong 0.3 80% 70%
Normal 0.4 10% 0%
Weak 0.3 -60% -70%
Expected Return
US Water
State of Economy Probability of this demand Rate of return Deviation (Actual -Expected Return)
P R R -Rhat
Strong 0.3 15% 5%
Normal 0.4 10% 0%
Weak 0.3 5% -5%
Expected Return
Deviation Squared Deviation (Actual -Expected Return)
(R -Rhat)^2 P((R -Rhat)^2)
0.49 0.147
0 0 Step 2
0.49 0.147
Varience 29%
Standard Deviation 54%
MP US
Return 10% 10%
Risk 54% 4%
Deviation Squared Deviation (Actual -Expected Return)
(R -Rhat)^2 P((R -Rhat)^2)
0.0025 0.00075
0 0
0.0025 0.00075
Varience 0.0015
Standard Deviation 4%
Company X
Year Rate of Return Deviation (Actual - Realized Return) Squared Deviation
2005 30% 19.8% 3.9%
2006 -10% -20.3% 4.1%
2007 -19% -29.3% 8.6%
2008 40% 29.8% 8.9%
Average (r-Bar) 10.25% 25.4%
Varience 8.5%
StnadardDevaition 29%
Company Y
Year Rate of Return Deviation (Actual - Realized Return)
2005 50% 54%
2006 -25% -21%
2007 -30% -26%
2008 -10% -6%
-4%
Varience
SD
13.89744
13.9
Squared Deviation
29%
5%
7%
0%
41%
14%
37%
Probability
0.1
0.2
0.4
0.2
0.1
Probability
0.1
0.2
0.4
0.2
0.1
(X Return) Expected Return
-10% -1%
2% 0%
12% 5%
20% 4%
38% 4%
12%
Y Expected Return
-0.35
0
0.2
0.25
0.45