Semester mini project 12/04/2019
1. Introduction
This project provides an excellent solution for the farmer need not to go the farm to know the
moisture level of the farm. Since farmer can know the status of the fields from anywhere through
his/her mobile and it consumes less time. The farmer can use his cellphone to receive messages
about their farming land status. The system at the farming land will respond to the farmer in the
text messages.
[Link] ground
This project is an attempt at developing GSM based farming land status reporting system using
soil moisture sensors. Soil moisture sensor is a sensor which are used to measure the water
content of the soil. With the increase no of population but limited land resource, the demand for
food is constantly increasing now better production of crop is essential to fulfill the demand.
Water plays an active role in the development of the crops. better crops lead high yields. It is
important to know when to water and how much to water constantly for the better production of
crops. Use of correct soil moisture sensors helps to ease out the pain which can monitor and keep
records about the change in soil moisture starting cultivation to harvesting period of crops. This
GSM based project allows us to check continuously to know the farming land status from remote
place.
[Link] of problem
The motivation for this project came from the countries where economy is based on agriculture
and the climatic conditions lead to lack of rains & scarcity of water. There is a problem of
applying the write amount of water at the write time also farmers irrigate the land at the wrong
time of day that will reduce crop performance.
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[Link]
1.3.1. General objectives
To develop effective and convenient automatic irrigation system to increase the
productivity of crops.
1.3.2. Specific objectives
The specific objectives of this study are as follows:
1. To develop system that automatically regulate the moisture of the soil.
2. To minimize human labor used in irrigation.
3. To provide convenience in accessing the system from anywhere at any time.
4. To save the time of the owner for the large fields.
[Link](benefit) of the project
The main benefit of our project is to allow the user to monitor and maintain the moisture
remotely irrespective of time. It is really an effective and economic way to reduce human effort
and water wastage in agriculture land. This automated irrigation system is used to improve crop
performance and reduce or minimize human labor used in irrigation. Also, to provide easy and
suitable in accessing the system from anywhere at any time
[Link]
I. Nowadays due to the increase in the different facilities population is increasing day
by day and since food is one of the basic need of human beings , to make it available
for the billions trillions of people in the world the traditional type of agricultural is
not sufficient. The system we have designed is based on Agricultural technology.
II. In the agricultural countries like Ethiopia and other highly developed countries
which produce the particular amount of agriculture product like Brazil and other
European countries this system can enhance their production in the scientific way.
III. Since farmer can know the status of the fields from anywhere through his/her
mobile and it consumes less time.
[Link]
Limitations relating to the software as well as hardware are present. Some of the major
limitation may be grouped as follows.
1. Single moisture sensor only covers the small area of fields
2. Atmospheric moisture contents also brought some fluctuation in the measure value of soil
moisture content
3. Some chemical reaction erodes the sensitivity and physical structure of sensor
4. Lack of knowledge about the fixed moisture content require for the particular fields
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2. Literature Review
Many researches have been done in the agriculture field, most of them are concentrating on
sensors parameters and automatic switching mechanisms of pumps based on sensor’s signals.
The literature review shows that, with the wide spread use of cellular networks, automatic
irrigation systems have been applied through wireless technology at the farm area incorporating
GSM technology with mobile phone through the mobile network. The technology is one of the
factors which limit the implementation of some of the automated irrigation system in developing
countries.
1. “Microcontroller-based automatic Irrigation System with Moisture Sensor”
Abhinav Rajpal [Link], International Conference of Science and Engineering, 2011.
This paper proposed a microcontroller based automatic irrigation system which is a
combination of hardware and software that provides irrigation control.
The system should be easy to trouble shoot in the event of fault and it is also user friendly
because it requires only eight keys for all the operation
2. “Water-Saving Irrigation System Based on Automatic Control by Using GSM
Technology” KSS Prasad [Link] middle-east journal of Scientific Research, 2012.
Introduced an automatic irrigation system which will have a wireless sensor network for
real-time sensing and control of an irrigation system by using GSM technology.
3. Methodology
This project uses Arduino, soil moisture sensor and GSM which is first the moisture sensor
detects the moisture level of the soil.
The soil moisture sensor checks the moisture level in the soil and then Arduino processes
and sent short text message using GSM modem the end user
Arduino has inbuilt at mega processor which process the data and send it in GSM. The Soil
moisture sensor is used to find the moisture of the soil. Automatically send the information
to user using GSM module, at the same time the user gets information through its mobile
phone.
[Link]
In the proposed system we are using Arduino and sensor like soil moisture sensor and send signal
to Arduino. Arduino has inbuilt At mega processor which process the data and send it to database.
The Soil moisture sensor is used to find the moisture of the land, it also with Arduino.
Automatically control the motor with the help of driver board and send the information to user
using GSM module, at the same time buzzer and led will automatically ON in the agriculture land.
They are all connected with Arduino device
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3.2. Material descriptions
3.2.1. Arduino is open-source computer hardware and software company, project and
user community that designs and manufactures single-board microcontroller-based
kits for building digital devices and interactive objects that can sense and control
objects in the physically and digitally. The project is based on microcontroller board
designs, manufactured by several vendors, using various microcontrollers. These
systems provide sets of digital and analog I/O pins that can be interfaced to various
expansion boards ("shields") and other circuits. The boards feature serial
communications interfaces, including USB on some models, for loading programs
from personal computers. For programming the microcontrollers, the Arduino
project provides an integrated development environment (IDE) based on the
Processing project, which includes support for the C and C++ programming
languages.
Fig.3.4.1. Arduino UNO
3.2.2. GSM
GSM stands for Global System for Mobile Communications. It is a standard set
developed by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) to describe
protocols for second generation (2G) digital cellular networks used by mobile phones. A
Modem is a device which modulates and demodulates signals as required to meet the
communication requirements. It modulates an analog carrier signal to encode digital
information, and also demodulates such a carrier signal to decode the transmitted
information.
[Link]
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3.2.3. Soil moisture sensor
Soil moisture sensors measure the volumetric water content in soil. Since the direct
gravimetric measurement of free-soil moisture requires removing, drying, and weighting of
a sample, soil moisture sensors measure the volumetric water content indirectly by using
some other property of the soil, such as electrical resistance, dielectric constant, or
interaction with neutrons, as a proxy for the moisture content
Fig.3.4.3. Soil moisture sensor
4. Work plan
NO Task Week Week Week Week Week Week
1 2 3 6 7 8
1 Material gathering and
testing
2 Designing system in
proteus
3 Code writing in micro C
4 Design implementation
5 Simulating the system
6 Hard ware
implementation
7 Testing
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5. References
1. M. A. Yazidi, J. G. Masindi & R. D. McKinlay, “The 8051 microcontroller and
Embedded System”, prentice hall. (c) 3, No. 2(2006)
2. [Link]
3. [Link]
4. [Link] and [Link]