4th October,2018

Chemistry Laboratory Report

Experiment 1: Chemical Reaction
Instructor:[Link] Huynh Kim Lam

Group 2:

Dương Thị Ngọc Lê

Phạm Thùy Linh

Đinh Ngọc Thảo My

Nguyễn Thị Phương Hằng

Nguyễn Quang Huy

[Link]:
Chemical reaction is a process that leads to the transformation of the chemical substances to
another which have different appearances and properties. Nine experiments below will make
you know well about that such as observing the color change of solution, appearing
precipitate, releasing of gases and so on. We can find the product through five kind of
chemical reactions including substituent reaction, double displacement, synthesis,
decomposition, and combustion.

[Link] and Discussions:

1. Reactions of Cu2+

Reaction Observation Chemical Equation

0.5M CuSO4 Before the experiment: The CuSO4+ 2NaOH → Cu(OH)2↓+ Na2SO4

+ 2M NaOH solvent (CuSO4) is blue. After

adding more NaOH, the

solution has white-blue

precipitate.

0.5M CuSO4 Before the experiment: the CuSO4 + 2NH3 + 2H2O → Cu(OH)2 ↓ +

+ 2M NH4OH solvent (CuSO4) is blue. (NH4)2SO4

After adding NH4OH, the Cu(OH)2 + 4NH3 → [Cu(NH3)4](OH)2

solution has blue precipitate. Cu(SO4)2 + 6NH3 + 2H2O → (NH4)2SO4+

Waiting for some minutes, the [Cu(NH3)4](OH)2 (double displacement

precipitate is dissolved. reaction)

0.5M CuSO4 + Before the experiment: the 2CuSO4+ K4[Fe(CN)6] →Cu2[Fe(CN)6] ↓ +

0.5M K4[Fe(CN)6] solvent (CuSO4) is blue 2K2SO4

precipitate.

After adding K4[Fe(CN)6], the

solution has brown

precipitate.

Comments:

The feature of copper ion (Cu2+ ) can react with hydroxide (OH-) to form blue [Link]
precipitate iron (II) hydroxide (Cu(OH)2) is soluted by ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH).The
last solution has the brown color because of iron (III) ion .

2. Reactions of silver halides

Reaction Observation Chemical Equation

Before the experiment: The KCl + AgNO3  AgCl + KNO3

solvent is transparent. After

adding AgNO3, the solution

0.5M KCl has white precipitate.

+ 0.1M AgNO3 (Fig. Left test tube)

0.5M KCl Before the experiment: The KCl + AgNO3  AgCl ↓ + KNO3

+ 0.1M AgNO3 solvent is transparent. After 2NH4OH + AgCl↓  2H2O + [Ag(NH3)2 ]Cl

+ 2M NH4OH adding AgNO3 , the solution (Complex compound forming)

has white precipitate. And

then adding NH4OH, the

solution appears white layer.

 (Fig. Right test tube)

0.5M KCl
X X
+ 0.1M AgNO3

+ 2M KCN

Reaction Observation Chemical Equation

0.5M KBr After adding AgNO3, the KBr + AgNO3  AgBr ↓ + KNO3

+ 0.1M AgNO3 solution has yellow

precipitate

0.5M KBr + 0.1M After adding AgNO3, the KBr + AgNO3  AgBr↓ + KNO3

AgNO3 + 2M solution has yellow 2NH4OH + AgBr↓  [Ag(NH3)2]Br +2H2O

NH4OH precipitate and then adding

NH4OH, precipitate is

dissolved.

0.5M KBr+ 0.1M

X X
AgNO3 + 2M KCN

Reaction Observation Chemical Equation

0.5M KI + 0.1M Before the experiment: The KI + AgNO3  AgI ↓ + KNO3

AgNO3 solvent potassium iodine

(KI) has light yellow.

After adding AgNO3, the

solution has yellow

precipitate.

0.5M KI Before the experiment: the KI + AgNO3  AgI ↓ + KNO3

+ 0.1M AgNO3 solvent potassium iodine has AgI + NH4OH  no reaction

+ 2M NH4OH light yellow color.

After adding AgNO3, the

solution has yellow

precipitate.

And then adding NH4NO3,

precipitate is not dissolved.

0.5M KI+ 0.1M

X X
AgNO3 + 2M KCN

Comments:

All experiments show property of silver halides that is forming precipitate when react with
halogen salt

3. Reactions of H2O2

Reaction Observation Chemical Equation

0.1M KMnO4 The solution initally has 2KMnO4 + 5H2O2 + 3H2SO4 → 2MnSO4 + 5O2 +

+ 2M H2SO4+ H2O2 violet color, when K2SO4 + 8H2O (oxidation-reduction reaction)

adding H2SO4 it does not

 have chang, but after

adding H2O2, it release

gas and become

colorless.

0.1M KI+ 2M The solution has initially 2KI + H2O2 + H2SO4 → K2SO4 + I2 + 2H2O

H2SO4+ H2O2 violet, after adding (oxidation-reduction reaction)

H2SO4, it turns to yellow

and has purple

precipitate.

H2O2 + MnO2 Black solid is not MnO2+ 2H2O2 → MnO2+ O2 + 2H2O (oxidation-

dissolve and releasing reduction reaction)

gases.

-Manganese dioxide

(MnO2) acts as

a catalyst for the

decomposition of

hydrogen peroxide

(H2O2) that mean it is

 not consumed in the

reaction.

Comments:

H2O2 is an oxidizing agent and it joins in the redox reaction to exchange election, results in
chaging of oxidation number.

4. Reactions of Nitrate

Reaction Observation Chemical Equation

1M NaNO3 Initially, the 2NaNO3 + 6FeSO4 + 4H2SO4 → 3Fe2(SO4)3 + 2NO + Na2SO4 + 4H2O

+ FeSO4+ solvent is NaNO3

concentrated which is

H2SO4 transparent, after

adding FeSO4, the

solution turns

light blue (a little

bit). Finally, it

becomes brown

liquid and release

heat.

1M NaNO2 The solution is 2NaNO2 + 2FeSO4 + 2H2SO4 → Fe2(SO4)3 + 2NO + Na2SO4 + 2H2O

+ FeSO4+ transparent,

concentratedH2 afterthat

SO4 appearing brown.

1M NaNO3 Initially,the NaNO3 + 2FeSO4 + 6CH3COOH → NaNO2 + 2(CH3COO)3Fe + 2SO3

+ FeSO4 + solution has light + 3H2O

concentrated blue, after adding

CH3COOH CH3COOH, it

turns to dark blue

Comments: Nitrate is oxidizing agent and the oxidation of N atom will be reduced as the
formation of gases.

5. Reactions of KMnO4

Reaction Observation Chemical Equation

0.5M Na2SO3 The solution shifted 5Na2SO3 + 3H2SO4+ 2KMnO4 → K4SO4+ 2MnSO4+

+ 2M H2SO4 from violet to green 5NaSO4+ 3H2O

+ 0.1M KMnO4 brown

0.5M Na2SO3 The solution shifted Na2SO3 + 2NaOH+ 2KMnO4 → K2MnO4 +Na2MnO4

+ 6M NaOH from violet to brown + Na2SO4 +H2O

+ 0.1M KMnO4
0.5M Na2SO3 The solution from to 3Na2SO3 + H2O+ 2KMnO4 → 2KOH+ 2MnO2+

+ H2 O yellow brown, appear 3Na2SO4

+ 0.1M KMnO4 black precipitated

Comments:

At reaction 1, KMnO4 is an oxidizing agent since it's in acidic environment (H2SO4).

At reaction 2, KMnO4 is an oxidant since it's in basic environment (NaOH).

At reaction 3, KMnO4 is an oxidizer because H2O is neutral.

KMnO4 is a strong oxidizing agent

In conclusion, the oxidation of Mn (+7) is reduced in 3 reactions. So, it formed specific

chemical properties of each reaction. KMnO4 in different equation plays different reaction.

6. Reaction of Potassium Dichromate (K2Cr2O7)

Reaction Observation Chemical Equation

2M K2Cr2O7 The solution changed 2K2Cr2O7 + 8H2SO4 + 3C2H5OH →3CH3COOH +

+ 6M H2SO4 from orange to yellow 2Cr2(SO4)3 + 2K2SO4 + 11H2O

+ C2H5OH brown
Comments/Conclusions:

Oxidation-reduction reaction.

K2Cr2O7 (Cr6+) → Cr2(SO4)3 (Cr3+)

Both KMnO4 and K2Cr2O7 are strong oxidizing agent.

7. A. Reactions of Fe3+

Reaction Observation Chemical Equation

0.5M FeCl3
X X
+ 0.5M KCN

0.5M FeCl3 Changing to the brown FeCl3 +3 KSCN → Fe(SCN)3 + 3 KCl

solution
+ 0.1M KSCN

0.5M FeCl3 Changing to the FeCl3 + 3 KOH → Fe(OH)3↓ + 3 KCl

darkyellne
+ 2M KOH
0.5M FeCl3 Changing to dark blue 4 FeCl3 + 3 K4[Fe(CN)6] → Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3 +
12 KCl
solution
+ 0.5M K4[Fe(CN)6]

0.5M FeCl3 Changing to the orange FeCl3 + 3 NH4OH→Fe(OH)3+ 3 NH4Cl

solution and appearing
+ 2M NH4OH
some red-brown
precipitate

Comments:

All these chemical reaction show some properties of Fe3+ such as creating red- brown
precipitate and forming complex compound.

7. B. Reactions of Fe2+

Reaction Observation Chemical Equation

0.5M FeSO4
+ 0.5M KCN
X X

0.5M FeSO4 Changing to the dark FeSO4 + 2 KSCN →Fe(SCN)2 + K2SO4

+ 0.1M KSCN orange solution
0.5M FeSO4 The solution is also FeSO4 + 2 KOH → K2SO4 +Fe(OH)2
+ 2M KOH transparent

0.5M FeSO4 Appearing the blue K4[Fe(CN)6] + 2 FeSO4→Fe2[Fe(CN)6] ↓+2 K2SO4

+ 0.5M K4[Fe(CN)6] precipitate

0.5M FeSO4 Appearing the yellow FeSO4 + 2 NH4OH →Fe(OH)2 ↓ + (NH4)2SO4

+ 2M NH4OH precipitate

Comments:

All these experiments show to the properties of Fe2+ such as creating yellow precipitate;
creating complex compound.
8. Reactions of Al3+

Reaction Observation Chemical Equation

0.5M Al2(SO4)3 Appearing the white Al2(SO4)3 +6 NaOH → 2 Al(OH)3 ↓ +3 Na2SO4

+ 2M NaOH precipitate

0.5M Al2(SO4)3 First, appearing white Al2(SO4)3 +6 NaOH → 2 Al(OH)3 ↓ +3 Na2SO4

+ 2N NaOH precipitate. After Al(OH)3 ↓ +3 HCl →AlCl3 + 3 H2O

+ 2M HCl pouring the

hydrochloric acid

(HCl) into the test tube,

the precipitate is

dissolved

0.5M Al2(SO4)3 First, appearing the Al2(SO4)3 +6 NaOH → 2 Al(OH)3 ↓ +3 Na2SO4

+ 2M NaOH white precipitate. After Al(OH)3 ↓ + NaOH → NaAlO2 + 2 H2O

+ 2M NaOH that, the white

precipitate is partly

dissolved, it also has

the precipitate

Comments:

These chemical reaction are performed to show aluminum ion is acidic and basic

Aluminium hydroxie is sometimes dissolved by sodium hydroxide.

9. Flame test

Dominant flame Wavelength Frequency Photon energy

Solution
color (m) (s1) (J)
LiCl Red 7.01 x10-7 4.28 x1014 2.84 x10-19

NaCl Yellow 5.87 x10-7 5.11 x1014 3.39 x10-19

KCl Violet 4.23 x10-7 7.09 x1014 4.70 x10-19

CaCl2 Orange 6.09 x10-7 4.93 x1014 3.26 x10-19

BaCl2 Yellow-green 5.77 x10-7 5.20 x1014 3.45 x10-19

Data calculation:

We have the formula: C= x v

For example,the frequency of LiCl when hold it in the Bubsen burner flame:

v= C/  = 3 x108 / 702 x10-9 = 4.28 x10-14 (s-1)

The photon energy of LiCl:

E= h x v= 6.626 x 10-34 x 4.28 x 1014 = 2.84 x 10-19 (J)

Applying the same formula for the rest of substances.

Comments: When we heat these compound on the flame, metal ions will begin to emit light.
The compound will turn a characteristic flame color.

[Link]:
Thanks to that experiment, we have chance to observe the property of substances through our
eyes. Every elements reacts according to a particular principle and each type of reaction has
shown by specific chemical equation.