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Tectonic Extension and Normal Faults

This document discusses tectonic settings that result in crustal extension, including divergent plate motions, gravitational collapse of over-thickened crust, and collapse of continental margins. It describes the normal faults and rifting that occurs during extensional tectonics. Diagrams show examples of divergent boundaries, continental rifting bounded by normal faults, and various extensional structures like listric faults, rollover anticlines, and block rotation.

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jawad khan
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11 views6 pages

Tectonic Extension and Normal Faults

This document discusses tectonic settings that result in crustal extension, including divergent plate motions, gravitational collapse of over-thickened crust, and collapse of continental margins. It describes the normal faults and rifting that occurs during extensional tectonics. Diagrams show examples of divergent boundaries, continental rifting bounded by normal faults, and various extensional structures like listric faults, rollover anticlines, and block rotation.

Uploaded by

jawad khan
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Geol341-342

Tectonic Settings for Extension


• Divergent plate motions
Normal Faults • Gravitational collapse
Extensional Tectonics – Over-thickened crust
– Continental margins
• Salt Domes

Many diagrams are from Earth Structure, van der Pluijm and Marshak, 2004 2004

Divergent Boundary
Extensional Tectonics
Normal Faults, rifts

Continental
Extension
Rifts
Bounded by
normal faults

1
Gravitational Collapse of Mt.
Back Arc extension
Belts

Extension of the lithosphere 1

Extension of the lithosphere 2

2
North Sea Extensional Basin Basin and
Range
Province

New Mountains-Active Fault –Basin and


Range Province

Two modes of extension Listric (curved) Faults- roll over


anticlines

3
Small roll-overs

Block Rotation
Sandbox- Block rotation

Curved faults – Block rotation


0
Growth Strata

3
km

4
Domino block rotation in the Basin and Range
Gulf of
Mexico

Passive Margin

Pure shear vs. simple shear


systems

5
Transfer zone in a rift

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