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Indirektni govor: Pravila i primeri

The document discusses reported or indirect speech in English and Serbian. In Serbian, the tense does not change between direct and indirect speech, while in English the tense shifts back one step if the reporting verb is in the past tense. For example, "I live in a building" would become "She said she lived in a building" if the reporting verb is past tense. Questions in indirect speech are introduced with "if" or "whether" and the tense also shifts back one step, following the same patterns as statements.

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Milena Mićanović Hadžimahović
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81 views4 pages

Indirektni govor: Pravila i primeri

The document discusses reported or indirect speech in English and Serbian. In Serbian, the tense does not change between direct and indirect speech, while in English the tense shifts back one step if the reporting verb is in the past tense. For example, "I live in a building" would become "She said she lived in a building" if the reporting verb is past tense. Questions in indirect speech are introduced with "if" or "whether" and the tense also shifts back one step, following the same patterns as statements.

Uploaded by

Milena Mićanović Hadžimahović
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Reported speech

Indirektni govor (Reported speech) nam je potreban kada prepričavamo tuđe reči, tj.
prenosimo šta je neko rekao.
Kada se koristi indirektni govor, moramo obratiti pažnju na vremenske odrednice koje su
podložne promeni.

here there
today that day
tomorrow the next day/the following day
this that
these those
now then
yesterday the day before
last week the week before

Potvrdne rečenice u indirektnom govoru ( Statements in Reported Speech )


Primer u srpskom:
Direktni govor – Ana kaže: Ja živim u zgradi. / Ana je rekla: Ja živim u zgradi.
Indirektni govor – Ana kaže da ona živi u zgradi. /Ana je rekla da ona živi u zgradi.
Dakle, bez obzira na vreme uvodnog glagola (reporting verb), u srpskom će ostatak rečenice
biti u istom vremenu, tj. ne menja se vreme u direktnom i indirektnom govoru.
Međutim, u engleskom jeziku je potrebno obratiti pažnju na slaganje vremena.

Direct speech – ”I live in a building.”


Reported speech- 1. She says she lives in a building. Ili 2. She said she lived in a building.

Ako je uvodni glagol (reporting verb) kao što su say ili tell i sl. u prezentu, glavni glagol iz
rečenice koju prenosimo u indirektni govor ostaje u istom vremenu, dakle nema slaganja
vremena. (primer 1)

Međutim, ako je uvodni glagol (reporting verb) u prošlom vremenu. (primer 2 ), onda se i
glavni glagol pomera jedno vreme unazad.
Dakle, ako kažemo:
She said / told me na početku rečenice, u indirektnom govoru menjamo vreme glavnog
glagola po sledećem obrascu:

Present Simple ⇒ Past Simple


I have a dog. ⇒ She said (that) she had a dog.
Present Continuous⇒ Past Continuous
I am learning English. ⇒ She said she was learning English.
Past Simple ⇒ Past Perfect
I bought a flat. ⇒ She said she had bought a flat.
Present Perfect ⇒ Past Perfect
I have been to London. ⇒ She said she had been to London.
Future: will ⇒would
I will travel abroad. ⇒ She said she would travel abroad.
Future: am, are, is going to ⇒was, were going to
I am going to paint my room ⇒ She said she was going to paint her room

Pitanja u indirektom govoru

Primer 1

Direct speech – ‘’ Do you work? ‘’ – ,,Da li radiš?’’

Indirect speech – She asked me if I worked. – Pitala me je da li radim.

Primer 2

Direct speech – ’’Where do you work?’’ – ,, Gde radiš?’’

Indirect speech- She asked me where I worked. – Pitala me je gde radim.


Kada govorimo o pitanjima u indirektnom govoru, treba razlikovati dva tipa pitanja: bez
upitne reči ( Primer 1.) i sa upitom reči (Primer 2.).
U slučajevima kada nema upitne reči, prvi i drugi deo indirektne rečenice povezujemo sa da
li, tj. sa if ili whether.
Dakle, načelno može se koristiti ili IF ili WHETHER, oba znače da li. Međutim, postoji
izvesna razlika.
Ako imamo samo jednu opciju, jedan uslov koji treba ispuniti, koristimo if.
Primer: They asked me if I had a sister.
Ako imamo dve ili više mogućnosti, pravilnije je upotrebiti whether.
Primer: They asked me whether I had a sister or a brother.
Whether ≠ weather ( vreme) !!!!!

U oba tipa poštujemo i pratimo obrazac opšteg vraćanja vremena unazad. Ono što se razlikuje
je činjenica da ne postavljamo pitanje u indirektnom govoru, pošto nam rečenica već počine
upitnim glagolom, npr. She asked me, she wanted to know… ). Umesto da postavlljamo
pitanje, treba da napravimo potvrdnu rečenicu.
To znači da ako imamo direktno pitanje
,,Do you speak English?”
Nećemo reći – She asked me did you speak English,
već
She asked me if I spoke English.

Direktno pitanje

”Do you use social networks?”

Indirektno pitanje bi bilo

She asked me if I used social networks.


Kod pitanja sa upitnom reči i dalje se držimo vraćanja jednog vremena unazad , menjamo
vremenske odrednice, lične zamenice i koristimo upitnu reč iz direktnog pitanja (što znači da
nam ne treba if/ whether).

Primer :

Direct speech- ”Where are you going tomorrow?’‘

Indirect speech- She aked me where I was going the following day.

Pošto ne pravimo pitanje, nećemo stavljati znak pitanja.

Common questions

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In indirect questions with question words, the question word from the direct question is retained, and there is a typical backshift in tense. For example, from 'Where are you going tomorrow?' to 'She asked me where I was going the following day.' Whereas for indirect questions without question words, 'if' or 'whether' are used, as in 'She asked me if I worked.' .

When the reporting verb is in present tense, the tense of the verb in the reported speech remains the same as in direct speech. For example, 'She says she lives in a building' remains in the present tense because the reporting verb 'says' is in present tense .

Maintaining tense consistency is important for conveying the same temporal relevance in reported statements. In languages like Serbian, where tense does not change in reported speech, it reflects a different linguistic approach to temporal reporting compared to English, which adjusts tenses for past contexts. This can affect interlingual communication and understanding .

A future tense statement using 'will' in direct speech changes to 'would' in indirect speech when the reporting verb is in the past tense. For example, 'I will travel abroad' changes to 'She said she would travel abroad' .

In Serbian reported speech, the tense does not change from the direct speech to the reported speech, regardless of the tense of the reporting verb, contrasting with English, where the tense often shifts back if the reporting verb is in the past .

Modifying time expressions in reported speech is crucial to accurately reflect the change in time context between when the original statement was made and when it is being reported. This maintains clarity and prevents misunderstanding .

When a present tense statement is reported with a past tense reporting verb, the verb tense typically shifts from Present Simple to Past Simple. For example, 'I live in a building' becomes 'She said she lived in a building' .

Personal pronouns in direct speech typically change in reported speech to match the perspective of the reporter. For example, 'I' in direct speech might become 'she' or 'he' depending on who is reporting and about whom .

'If' is used for indirect questions where only one condition is to be fulfilled, such as 'They asked me if I had a sister.' 'Whether' is used when there are two or more possible options, such as 'They asked me whether I had a sister or a brother.' .

Time expressions change in reported speech: 'today' becomes 'that day', 'tomorrow' becomes 'the next day', 'yesterday' becomes 'the day before', and so forth .

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