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Lightning Risk Management for MALL F

This document provides the details of a lightning protection risk management calculation for a mall project in accordance with NF EN 62305-2:2012. It summarizes the key risks, protection measures, and parameters considered in the analysis. The analysis determined that the tolerable risk of loss of human life in the structure will not be exceeded based on the application of a structural lightning protection system and surge protection devices on incoming lines rated to withstand surges up to 25 kA. It provides the specific requirements for lightning protection levels, surge protection, and risk reduction measures for zones within the structure.

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Karla Malik
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54 views9 pages

Lightning Risk Management for MALL F

This document provides the details of a lightning protection risk management calculation for a mall project in accordance with NF EN 62305-2:2012. It summarizes the key risks, protection measures, and parameters considered in the analysis. The analysis determined that the tolerable risk of loss of human life in the structure will not be exceeded based on the application of a structural lightning protection system and surge protection devices on incoming lines rated to withstand surges up to 25 kA. It provides the specific requirements for lightning protection levels, surge protection, and risk reduction measures for zones within the structure.

Uploaded by

Karla Malik
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Lightning protection risk management calculations

To NF EN 62305-2:2012 (Edition 2)

Full case report

Project name: MALL F


Project ref: 2799
Case name: MALL F
Client: TALAAT MOSTAFA
Prepared by: ECG
Issue date: 15/03/2020

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MALL F

Project details
Project name: MALL F

Client: TALAAT MOSTAFA


Standard: NF EN 62305-2:2012 (Edition 2)
Project address: MADINATY
Project ref: 2799
Calculation ref: NF EN 62305-2
Calculation notes: NF EN 62305-2
Project author: ECG
Created: 15/03/2020
Modified:

Case details
Case name: MALL F

Case title: MALL F


Case notes:

The following primary risks and their relevant tolerable risks have been taken into consideration as part of this risk
management calculation

R1 2.1268E-06 Risk of loss of human life in the structure.


The tolerable risk of 1E-05 is not exceeded based on the application of the
protection measures listed below.

Protection system design parameters


Structural LPS Requirement for a structural lightning protection system (LPS) and where
necessary the chosen Lightning protection level (LPL)

Lightning protection level (LPL) IV

Imax Maximum peak current

100 kA

ProbImax Probability that lightning current parameters are smaller than the maximum value
defined above

97 %

Imin Minimum peak current

16 kA

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MALL F

ProbImin Probability that lightning current parameters are greater than the minimum value
defined above

84 %

r Radius of rolling sphere

60 m

ISPD Maximum peak current of SPDs for each of the 2 lines considered (based on the
simple current division concept).

NOTE: The worst case surge that could be expected on a two-wire telephone or data line is 2.5kA
(10/350 µs) per line (Category D test to IEC/EN 61643-21) to earth or 5 kA (10/350 µs) per pair.

25 kA

Line 1
MV TIE IN
Service entrance SPD Requirement to protect Line 1 at its entrance to the structure with an equipotential
bonding SPD (rated to ISPD above) in accordance with NF EN 62305-2:2012
(Edition 2)

NOTE: Where SPDs are required but an LPS is not (ISPD = 0), protect overhead lines with Type 1
SPDs (mains 12.5kA 10/350µs, data/telecom 2.5kA 10/350µs), protect underground lines with
overvoltage or Type 2 SPDs (tested with an 8/20 µs waveform)

Lightning protection level (LPL) IV

Coordinated SPD set Requirement to protect all internal systems connected to Line 1 with a coordinated
set of SPDs in accordance with NF EN 62305-2:2012 (Edition 2)

None

Line 2
LC TIE IN
Service entrance SPD Requirement to protect Line 2 at its entrance to the structure with an equipotential
bonding SPD (rated to ISPD above) in accordance with NF EN 62305-2:2012
(Edition 2)

NOTE: Where SPDs are required but an LPS is not (ISPD = 0), protect overhead lines with Type 1
SPDs (mains 12.5kA 10/350µs, data/telecom 2.5kA 10/350µs), protect underground lines with
overvoltage or Type 2 SPDs (tested with an 8/20 µs waveform)

Lightning protection level (LPL) IV

Coordinated SPD set Requirement to protect all internal systems connected to Line 2 with a coordinated
set of SPDs in accordance with NF EN 62305-2:2012 (Edition 2)

None

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MALL F

Zone 1
MALL F
Fire protection system Automatic extinguishing or alarm installations

Environmental factors
NG 0.8 Lightning ground flash density (Flashes/km²/year)
CD 0.5 Location factor
CE 0.1 Environmental factor

Primary structure
Structure ID: 1 - MALL F
Lb 122 m Length of structure (metres)
Wb 138 m Width of structure (metres)
Hb 17 m Height of structure (metres)

Line factors
Line 1 - MV TIE IN
KS3 1 Factor relevant to the characteristics of internal wiring
PSPD 0.05 Probability of failure of internal systems or a service when
coordinated SPDs are provided
UW 6 kV Rated impulse withstand voltage of a system (kV)
CLD 1 Factor depending on shielding, grounding and isolation
conditions of the line for flashes to a line
CLI 1 Factor depending on shielding, grounding and isolation
conditions of the line for flashes near a line
Type 1
Connected structure:
LL (Section 1) 1,000 m Length of line section (metres)
LH (Section 1) 0m Height of line section (metres)
CT (Section 1) 0.2 Factor taking into account the presence of an HV/LV
transformer on a line section
CI (Section 1) 0.5 Factor relating to the routing of a line section
Line 2 - LC TIE IN
KS3 0.0001 Factor relevant to the characteristics of internal wiring
PSPD 0.05 Probability of failure of internal systems or a service when
coordinated SPDs are provided
UW 1.5 kV Rated impulse withstand voltage of a system (kV)
CLD 1 Factor depending on shielding, grounding and isolation
conditions of the line for flashes to a line

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MALL F

CLI 0 Factor depending on shielding, grounding and isolation


conditions of the line for flashes near a line
Type 1
Connected structure:
LL (Section 1) 1,000 m Length of line section (metres)
LH (Section 1) 0m Height of line section (metres)
CT (Section 1) 1 Factor taking into account the presence of an HV/LV
transformer on a line section
CI (Section 1) 0.5 Factor relating to the routing of a line section

Zone factors
nt1 0 Total number of persons in the structure
Zone 1 - MALL F
Zone Location Inside the structure LPZ 1...n
rp 2E-01 Factor reducing the loss due to provisions against fire in zone
rf 1E-02 Factor reducing the loss due to the risk of fire in zone
rt 1E-03 Factor reducing the loss due to the type of floor/surface in
zone
hz1 5E00 Factor increasing the loss of human life due to presence of
special hazard in zone
LT1 1E-02 Loss due to injury due to touch and step voltages in zone
LF1 5E-02 Loss to structure due to physical damage in zone
LO1 0E00 Loss to structure due to failure of internal systems in zone
nz1 0 Number of persons in zone
tz1 8760 Time in hours per year for which the persons are present in
zone

Assessment of Ax - Collection areas


MALL F
AD 51,527.28 m² Collection area of structure (square metres)
AM 1,045,398.16 m² Collection area of surrounding ground (square metres)
AL 80,000.00 m² Collection area of flashes striking line (square metres)
AI 8,000,000.00 m² Collection area of flashes near line (square metres)
Line 1 - MV TIE IN (Section 1)
AL 40,000.00 m² Collection area of flashes striking line (square metres)
AI 4,000,000.00 m² Collection area of flashes near line (square metres)
Line 2 - LC TIE IN (Section 1)
AL 40,000.00 m² Collection area of flashes striking line (square metres)
AI 4,000,000.00 m² Collection area of flashes near line (square metres)

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MALL F

Assessment of Nx - Annual number of dangerous events


MALL F
ND 2.0611E-02 Average number of flashes to main structure
NM 8.3632E-01 Average number of flashes to surrounding ground
Line 1 - MV TIE IN (Section 1)
NL 3.2E-04 Average number of flashes to line
NI 3.2E-02 Average number of flashes near line
Line 1 - MV TIE IN
NL 3.2E-04 Average number of flashes to line
NI 3.2E-02 Average number of flashes near line
Line 2 - LC TIE IN (Section 1)
NL 1.6E-03 Average number of flashes to line
NI 1.6E-01 Average number of flashes near line
Line 2 - LC TIE IN
NL 1.6E-03 Average number of flashes to line
NI 1.6E-01 Average number of flashes near line
Assessment of Px - Probability of damage for a structure
PB 2E-01 Probability that a flash to a structure will cause physical
damages
PC 1E00 Probability that a lightning flash near to the structure will cause
failure of internal systems
KS1 1E00 Factor relating to screening effectiveness of the structure
Zone 1 - MALL F
PTA 1E00 Probability that lightning will cause injuries to living beings
PA 2E-01 Probability that lightning will cause injuries to living beings
present in zone
KS2 1E00 Factor relating to screening effectiveness of shields internal to
the structure
PM 2.7778E-02 Probability that a lightning flash near to the structure will cause
failure of internal systems
Zone 1 - MALL F (MV TIE IN)
PMS 2.7778E-02 Probability of failure of internal systems (with protection
measures) associated with line
PM 2.7778E-02 Probability that a lightning flash near to the structure will cause
failure of internal systems
PU 5E-02 Probability that injuries of living beings will be caused by a
flash to line
Zone 1 - MALL F (LC TIE IN)
PMS 4.4444E-09 Probability of failure of internal systems (with protection
measures) associated with line
PM 4.4444E-09 Probability that a lightning flash near to the structure will cause
failure of internal systems

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MALL F

PU 2E-02 Probability that injuries of living beings will be caused by a


flash to line
Line 1 - MV TIE IN
PC 1E00 Probability that a lightning flash near to the structure will cause
failure of internal systems
KS3 1E00 Factor relevant to the characteristics of internal wiring
KS4 1.6667E-01 Factor relating to the impulse withstand voltage of a system
associated with line
PLD 1E00 Probability of failure of internal systems (flashes to a
connected service) associated with line
PLI 1.6E-01 Probability of failure of internal systems (flashes near a
connected service) associated with line
PV 5E-02 Probability that physical damage will be caused by a flash to
line
PW 1E00 Probability that failure of internal systems will be caused by a
flash to line
PZ 1.6E-01 Probability that failure to internal systems will be caused by a
flash near to line
Line 2 - LC TIE IN
PC 1E00 Probability that a lightning flash near to the structure will cause
failure of internal systems
KS3 1E-04 Factor relevant to the characteristics of internal wiring
KS4 6.6667E-01 Factor relating to the impulse withstand voltage of a system
associated with line
PLD 4E-01 Probability of failure of internal systems (flashes to a
connected service) associated with line
PLI 5E-01 Probability of failure of internal systems (flashes near a
connected service) associated with line
PV 2E-02 Probability that physical damage will be caused by a flash to
line
PW 4E-01 Probability that failure of internal systems will be caused by a
flash to line
PZ 0E00 Probability that failure to internal systems will be caused by a
flash near to line
Assessment of Lx - Amount of loss for a structure
Zone 1 - MALL F
LA1 1E-05 Loss related to injury to living beings in zone
LB1 5E-04 Loss in a structure related to physical damage (flashes to
structure) in zone
LC1 0E00 Loss related to failure of internal systems (flashes to structure)
in zone
LM1 0E00 Loss related to failure of internal systems (flashes near
structure) in zone
LU1 1E-05 Loss related to injury of living beings (flashes to service) in
zone
LV1 5E-04 Loss in a structure due to physical damage (flashes to service)
in zone

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MALL F

LW1 0E00 Loss related to failure of internal systems (flashes to service)


in zone
LZ1 0E00 Loss related to failure of internal systems (flashes near a
service) in zone
Assessment of Rx - Risk components
Zone 1 - MALL F
RA1 4.1222E-08 Risk component of risk R1 due to injury to living beings (D1)
caused by flashes to a structure (S1) in zone
RB1 2.0611E-06 Risk component of risk R1 due to physical damage to a
structure (D2) caused by flashes to a structure (S1) in zone
RC1 0E00 Risk component of risk R1 due to failure of internal systems
(D3) caused by flashes to a structure (S1) in zone
RM1 0E00 Risk component of risk R1 due to failure of internal systems
(D3) caused by flashes near a structure (S2) in zone
Zone 1 - MALL F (Line 1 - MV TIE IN)
RU1 1.6E-10 Risk component of risk R1 due to injury to living being (D1)
caused by flashes to a connected service (S3) associated with
line
RV1 8E-09 Risk component of risk R1 due to physical damage to
structure (D2) caused by flashes to a connected service (S3)
associated with line
RW1 0E00 Risk component of risk R1 due to failure of internal systems
(D3) caused by flashes to a connected service (S3) associated
with line
RZ1 0E00 Risk component of risk R1 due to failure of internal systems
(D3) caused by flashes near a service (S4) associated with
line
Zone 1 - MALL F (Line 2 - LC TIE IN)
RU1 3.2E-10 Risk component of risk R1 due to injury to living being (D1)
caused by flashes to a connected service (S3) associated with
line
RV1 1.6E-08 Risk component of risk R1 due to physical damage to
structure (D2) caused by flashes to a connected service (S3)
associated with line
RW1 0E00 Risk component of risk R1 due to failure of internal systems
(D3) caused by flashes to a connected service (S3) associated
with line
RZ1 0E00 Risk component of risk R1 due to failure of internal systems
(D3) caused by flashes near a service (S4) associated with
line
Primary risk totals
R1_T 2.1268E-06 Risk of loss of human life in the structure.
Primary risk totals with respect to source of damage
R1_D 2.1023E-06 Risk of loss of human life in the structure due to flashes to the
structure (S1)
R1_I 2.448E-08 Risk of loss of human life in the structure due to flashes
influencing, but not striking the structure (S2, S3, & S4)
Primary risk totals with respect to type of damage

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MALL F

R1_S 4.1702E-08 Risk of loss of human life in the structure due to injury to living
beings (D1)
R1_F 2.0851E-06 Risk of loss of human life in the structure due to physical
damage (D2)
R1_O 0E00 Risk of loss of human life in the structure due to failure of
internal systems (D3)

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Common questions

Powered by AI

The calculation of the average number of flashes near line components is significant in assessing potential indirect impacts of lightning on the MALL F structure's infrastructure. Line 1 (MV TIE IN) has an average of 3.2E-02 flashes near it, whereas Line 2 (LC TIE IN) has 1.6E-01 flashes on average. These numbers are crucial for planning protection measures, as indirect flashes can cause surges in electric systems even without direct strikes, necessitating mitigation tactics to prevent damage and ensure safety .

The presence of special hazards within specific zones of MALL F significantly increases the overall risk of human life loss due to lightning strikes. A factor of 5E00 is applied to indicate an increased risk in areas with special hazards. This factor is part of the broader risk assessment matrix, which takes into account various influences such as the expected frequency of lightning strikes and current risk reduction measures in place. These special hazard zones necessitate more stringent protection measures to mitigate the elevated risk .

Line section factors such as shielding, grounding, and isolation significantly influence the overall lightning risk assessment for MALL F. These factors modify the line's susceptibility to lightning-induced surges and faults. Specifically, factors such as CLD and CLI are set at 1 for shielded lines, indicating ideal conditions where flashes to and near the line have minimal risk impact. Properly accounting for these factors in risk assessments helps in the design and implementation of effective protection strategies to mitigate potential lightning-related damages .

In the MALL F project, the calculated risk of loss of human life is 2.1268E-06, which does not exceed the tolerable risk threshold of 1E-05. This indicates that the implemented protection measures in the project are adequate to ensure safety under the given standards of NF EN 62305-2:2012 .

For the MALL F project, the maximum peak current, Imax, is specified as 100 kA and the minimum peak current, Imin, is 16 kA. These values are critical in designing the protection measures as they determine the capacity of the lightning protection system (LPS) to handle potential strikes without failures. The probability that lightning current parameters are smaller than the maximum value is 97%, and the probability that they are greater than the minimum value is 84% .

Surge Protective Devices (SPDs) play a crucial role in the MALL F project by protecting data and telecom lines from surge currents caused by lightning strikes. For two-wire telephone or data lines, the worst-case surge expected is 2.5 kA per line or 5 kA per pair, as specified in the Category D test to IEC/EN 61643-21. SPDs are required at the entrance of the structure and should be rated accordingly to prevent damage. Where lightning protection system (LPS) is not mandatory but SPDs are required (ISPD = 0), overhead lines should be protected with Type 1 SPDs while underground lines need either overvoltage or Type 2 SPDs .

A coordinated SPD set involves deploying a series of surge protection devices that are specifically designed and configured to complement each other and provide layered protection to internal systems connected to Lines 1 and 2 in the MALL F project. This includes ensuring SPDs are rated in alignment with identified risks and configured based on the electrical characteristics of the system and the likelihood of surge events. The purpose of a coordinated set is to prevent surge-related damages comprehensively, thus ensuring the reliability and safety of the facility's electrical systems .

In the MALL F project, environmental factors like the lightning ground flash density (NG = 0.8 flashes/km²/year) and the location factor (CD = 0.5) are essential components of risk assessment. These factors help in estimating the probability of lightning strikes and their potential impact on the structure. The environmental factor (CE = 0.1) is also included to account for specific site conditions that could influence risk, ultimately contributing to a comprehensive understanding of the lightning risks and informing the design of protection measures .

The probabilities of damage and failures in internal systems fundamentally affect the risk management calculations for MALL F by quantifying the likelihood of adverse events. For instance, the probability that a flash to the structure causes physical damage is 2E-01, while the probability of internal system failure due to a nearby flash is 2.7778E-02. These probabilities help in estimating potential risks and guiding the implementation of appropriate lightning protection measures. By assessing these probabilities, the risk management strategy can prioritize areas with the highest risk .

The dimensions of MALL F influence the calculation of collection areas as follows: The length (122 m), width (138 m), and height (17 m) are used to delineate the structure's surface area which directly impacts the calculated collection area for lightning strikes. Specifically, the collection area of the structure is 51,527.28 m², surrounding ground accounts for 1,045,398.16 m², and flashes striking or near lines have respective collection areas of 80,000 m² and 8,000,000 m². These calculations determine the exposure and vulnerability of the structure to lightning and aid in strategic placement of protective measures .

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