Good afternoon I am Bree Borromeo and I will be reporting about Effects of Globalization on Nation-

states

1. Globalization is seen to impose a forced choice upon nation states

- Either they conform to the neoliberal ideas and free-market principles of deregulation
privatization, and free trade or run the risk of being left behind in terms of development

For example, Former President Corazon Aquino privatized the energy industries’ corporations and
subsidiaries. And because of this, neoliberalism started which became the basis for our modern concept
of globalization. As for deregulation, the government won’t interfere since it is privatized. It is given to
the corporations. And as for free trade, it means that there is no restriction of imports or exports. Under
a free trade policy, goods and services can be bought and sold across international borders with little or
no government tariffs, quotas, subsidies, or prohibitions to inhibit their exchange. If the three neoliberal
ideas and free-market principles, namely deregulation, privatization, and free trade, are not followed,
there could be a risk of being left behind in terms of development. That is why Former President Cory
Aquino was forced to deregulate and privatize.

- Because of pressures from global corporations, nation - states realign their economic
policies to be congruent with the principles of free trade thereby losing part integral to their
economic movement

There are many countries, governments, nation-states who are pressured or forced to adapt the free
market principles or realign to congruent with the policies that was mentioned before for the possibility
of being left behind in terms of development

2. Globalization aided the establishment of economic and political integrations.

So in other words, it helped with the unification of different governments

- European Union: one currency and monetary system

An example of this is the European union which is a political and economic union of 27 member
states that are located primarily in Europe. EU policies aim to ensure the free movement of people,
goods, services and capital within the internal market; enact legislation in justice and home affairs; and
maintain common policies on trade, agriculture, fisheries and regional development.  A monetary
union was established in 1999, coming effective in 2002, and is composed of  19 EU member
states which use the euro currency. 

- The EU has European Court of Justice and the European Court of Human Rights

The Court of Justice primarily deals with cases taken by member states, the institutions, and cases
referred to it by the courts of member states.

3. Globalization helped in the establishment of international laws and principles

 - The example is the United Nations and its 6 principal organs (1 ) UN General Assembly
(UNGA) (2) UN Security Council (UNSC) (3) Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) (4) The
trusteeship council (5) International Court of Justice (ICJ) and (6) Secretariat.

 the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council, the Trusteeship

Council, the International Court of Justice, and the Secretariat. The United Nations plays a central role in
reducing international tensions, preventing fights and putting an end to conflicts. It also protects and
promotes rights of individuals by setting a global standard for human rights. Many countries have seen
improvements in their welfare and educational systems as a consequence of globalization since the UN
can serve as a forum for the determination of international public interest, promote participation , and
work to expand and reshape the international legal framework.

4. Globalization paved the way for the rise of transnational activism (TNA).

Activist groups in other states connect with their counterparts in other states.

The global challenges of today (for example social and environmental issues) are such that if we are to
shape transformation and shift the present neo-liberal globalization in favor of global social justice,
transnational advocacy is one of the ways in which such future ventures are conceived and spoken
about. Transnational activism has been defined as social movements and other civil society
organizations and individuals operating across state borders. It is the coordinated international
campaigns on the part of networks of activists against international actors, other states, or
international institutions.

5. Globalization created new communications networks.

Universities outside the philippines offer online education / courses and Philippine universities offer
online courses to non - Filipinos

Education is one of the prominent domains where advanced technologies are used. Educational system
has changed its size, nature and its entity. In this regard, the challenge for ODL system is to bring
reforms, create and develop the systems that trained the individual to work in a borderless economy
and live in a global society. The global form of education has solved out barriers of education of different
locations. The internet has provided a new way where students and lecturers around the globe can
perform their respective duties without necessarily being physically close. The education with the help
of Internet-based training program has opened the doors for online education. It allowed us to connect
with other people even across the globe.

The next topic is International Organizations or Intergovernmental Organizations

What are IOs/IGOs

They are some of the organizations or structures that has supported with the globalization
They were established aiming to unite for economic, political, educational, and technical
intergovernmental relationships.

1. Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) “One Vision, One Identity, One Community”.

It is a regional intergovernmental organization comprising ten countries in Southeast Asia, which

promotes intergovernmental cooperation and
facilitates economic, political, security, military, educational, and sociocultural integration among its
members and other countries in Asia. The establishment of ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian
Nations) as one of the most highly-integrated regional organizations is the reflection of the process
of globalization. This high integration is characterized by international cooperation in economic, social
and political policies. ASEAN is one of the cornerstones of the Philippines’ foreign and trade policies.
This is manifested in the Philippines policy to promote a more peaceful, stable, and free South East Asia,
through the pursuit of different initiatives, in the policy making, economic, trading and functional
cooperation activities.  To illustrate, the Philippines actively participates in the shaping of ASEAN’s
regional agenda.  More importantly, the Philippines has constantly affirmed that ASEAN centrality
should be promoted at all times, both in the group’s internal and external dealings, and that ASEAN
continues to remain as the driver of regionalism.

2. European union (EU)

I have mentioned EU before, and again, the European Union is a coalition of 27 European countries,
designed to tear down trade, economic and social barriers and promote flourishing in these areas.
The European Union has contributed to increasing globalization of the world by allowing the free
movement of people from member countries within the EU. Globalization is largely about the free
movement of people, capital and goods. The EU also enables a unified monetary system through
the euro. Operating as a single market with 27 countries, the EU is a major world trading power. EU
economic policy focuses on creating jobs and boosting growth by making smarter use of financial
resources, removing obstacles to investment and providing visibility and technical assistance to
investment projects. The EU has delivered more than half a century of peace, stability and prosperity,
helped raise living standards and launched a single European currency: the euro. More than 340 million
EU citizens in 19 countries now use it as their currency and enjoy its benefits.

Thanks to the abolition of border controls between EU countries, people can travel freely throughout
most of the continent. And it has become much easier to live, work and travel abroad in Europe. The
EU's main economic engine is the single market. It enables most goods, services, money and people to
move freely. The EU aims to develop this huge resource to other areas like energy, knowledge and
capital markets to ensure that Europeans can draw the maximum benefit from it.

3. World Trade Organization WTO- they established and laid out to the rules of trade in a global
scale
The WTO is the only global international organization dealing with the rules of trade between
nations. The goal is to help producers of goods and services, exporters, and importers conduct their
business.  It is an organization for trade opening. It is a forum for governments to negotiate trade
agreements. It is a place for them to settle trade disputes. It operates a system of trade rules.
Essentially, the WTO is a place where member governments try to sort out the trade problems they face
with each other. The significance of the WTO for globalisation is that more than 130 countries must
jointly open up their economies to each other and abide by common rules making it easier to trade and
invest. It also brings a wide range of economic sectors into the ambit of the global economy.
The WTO oversees global trade rules among nations. The main focus of the organization is to provide
open lines of communication concerning trade among its members.