PRELIMINARY CHEMISTRY PROGRAM

MODULE: 3. WATER

WEEK SYLLABUS OUTCOMES TEACHING STRATEGIES & Jacaranda Sign

ACTIVITIES Chemistry 1
Page Reference
1 11. Water in Nature Distribution and importance of water Chapter 11
Distribution and importance of water
1. Define the terms solute, solvent and solution. 1. Recall examples of solutions and name the solute 1. 197-198
2. Identify the importance of water as a solvent. and solvent in each example. Define the terms 2. 198
3. Compare the state, percentage and solute, solvent and solution. 3. 198
distribution of water in the biosphere, 2. Give examples of water as a solvent and explain 4. (a) 199
lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere. its importance as a solvent. (b) 200
4. Outline the significance of the different states 3. Use gathered information to tabulate the state (c) 200
of water on Earth in terms of water as:
and percentage of water in the biosphere, (d) 200-202
(a) a constituent of cells and its role as both a
solvent and a raw material in metabolism
lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere
(b)a habitat in which temperature extremes are 4. Gather and summarise information regarding
less than nearby terrestrial habitats water's role as :
(c) an agent of weathering of rocks both as (a) cellular constituent (solvent; metabolic water)
liquid and solid (b) a habitat with lower temperature extremes than
(d) a natural resource for humans and other terrestrial habitats.
organisms (c) a an agent of physical and chemical weathering
(d) a natural resource for sports and commerce
and a resource for other organisms.
 5. Perform an investigation involving 5. Compare the density of ice and water and solve 5. 204-205
calculations of the density of water as a liquid problems related to density.
and a solid using: 6. DATA ANALYSIS 11.2 - The density of 6. 209-210
mass water and ice
density 
volume 7. State the freezing and boiling points of water and 7. 203-204
6. Analyse information by using models to explain the effect of the addition of solutes on these 208-209
account for the differing densities of ice and lower and upper fixed points.
liquid water.
PRACTICAL ACTIVITY 11.1 - The effect of
7. Plan and perform an investigation to identify
and describe the effect of anti-freeze or salt on salt on the boiling point of water
the boiling point of water Revision 11.1
Revision Questions - Jacaranda Chemistry 1. Set Pages 206-207
11.1
2 12. Structure and bonding in water Intermolecular forces and polarity of molecules Chapter 12
Intermolecular forces and polarity of
molecules 8. Draw Lewis diagrams of water , ammonia and 8. 214
8. Construct Lewis electron dot structures of hydrogen sulfide to investigate the electron
water, ammonia and hydrogen sulfide to distribution in these molecules. 9. 212-214
identify the distribution of electrons. 9. Draw structural formulae of water, ammonia and 218
9. Compare the molecular structure of hydrogen sulfide and relate melting and boiling
water, ammonia and hydrogen sulfide, the points to molecular shape and intermolecular 10. 217-218
differences in their molecular shapes and in forces.
their melting and boiling points. 10. Define "hydrogen bonding" and describe 11. 212- 215
10. Describe hydrogen bonding between examples of hydrogen bonding.
molecules. 11. Define "electronegativity" and classify 12. 216-217
11. Identify the water molecule as a polar molecules as polar or non-polar. CD Animated
molecule. 12. Define "dipole-dipole" forces and explain how object 3- Testing
12. Describe the attractive forces between attractive forces arise between polar molecules. molecular polarity
polar molecules as dipole-dipole forces.
 13. Explain the following properties of 13. Demonstrate the high surface tension and 13. 218- 221
water in terms of its intermolecular forces: viscosity if water. Explain the properties of water in
surface tension ; viscosity ;boiling and terms of intermolecular forces. 14. 231-232
melting points 14. PRACTICAL ACTIVITY 12.1A -
14. Process information from secondary Comparison of the melting and boiling points of 15. 232
sources to graph and compare the boiling molecules
and melting points of water with other 15. PRACTICAL ACTIVITY 12.1B- Modelling 16. 233-235
similar sized molecules. water and ice
15. Identify data and process information 16. PRACTICAL ACTIVITY 12.2 -
from secondary sources to model the Investigating viscosity and surface tension
structure of the water molecule and effects
of forces between water molecules.
16. Choose equipment and perform first-
hand investigations to demonstrate the Revision Questions - Jacaranda Chemistry 1. Set Revision 12.1
following properties of water: (a) surface 12.1 Pages 222-223
tension (b) viscosity

3 Interactions with water Interactions with water Chapter 12

17. Explain changes, if any, to particles and 17. Use models to discuss the relationship between 17 (a) 223-225
account for those changes when the following bonding and solubility of various solutes in water (b) 225-226
types of chemicals interact with water: including: (c) 225-226
(a) a soluble ionic compound such as sodium (a) soluble ionic crystals such as NaCl (d) 226-227
chloride
(b) soluble molecular compounds such as short
(b) a soluble molecular compound such as
sucrose
chain alkanols and sugars. CD Animated
(c) a soluble or partially soluble molecular (c) soluble/partly soluble small molecules such as object 4- Water-an
element or compound such as iodine, oxygen or HCl, I2 and O2 ionising solvent
hydrogen chloride (d) insoluble covalent network solids such as SiO2
(d) a covalent network structure substance such
as silicon dioxide (e) insoluble polymeric molecules such as
 (e) a substance with large molecules, such as cellulose or PE 17 (e) 226-227
cellulose or polyethylene 18. Make generalisations about solubility and the
18. Analyse the relationship between the polarity of the water molecule. 18. 227
solubility of substances in water and the polar 19. PRACTICAL ACTIVITY 12.3- Investigating
nature of the water molecule.
solubility in water 19. 236
19. Perform a first-hand investigation to test the
solubilities in water of a range of substances
20. Use diagrams, models, websites and animations
that include ionic, soluble molecular, insoluble to visualise the dissolution of solutes in water. 20. 225
molecular, covalent networks and large Jaconline websites
molecules.
20. Process information from secondary
sources to visualise the dissolution in water of Revision Questions - Jacaranda Chemistry 1. Set
various types of substances and solve problems 12.2 Revision 12.2
by using models to show the changes that occur Pages 228-229
in particle arrangement as dissolution occurs.

4 13. Solutions and solubility Solutions and precipitation Chapter 13

Solutions and precipitation
21. Identify some combinations of solutions 21. Demonstrate precipitation using various salt 21. 242- 248
which will produce precipitates, using solubility solutions. Include solutions that do not produce 22. 243
data. precipitates and then develop some rules based on 23. 247-249
22. Describe a model that traces the movement these experiments. 24/25 244-247
of ions when solution and precipitation occur. 22. Develop particle models to explain why
23. Identify the dynamic nature of ion precipitates form. CD Animated
movement in a saturated solution.
23. Use particle models and diagrams to discuss the Object 5-
24. Construct ionic equations to represent the
dissolution and precipitation of ionic
dynamic nature of an equilibrium involving a Precipitation
compounds in water. saturated solution. Refer to tracer studies. CD Animated
25. Present information in balanced chemical 24/25 For each equilibrium studied, write balanced object 6-
equations and identify the appropriate phase whole formula and ionic equations including states. Equilibrium in
descriptors (s), (l), (g), and (aq) for all saturated NaCl
chemical species.
 26. Perform a first-hand investigation, using 26. PRACTICAL ACTIVITY 13.1- 26. 260
micro-techniques, to compare the solubility of Investigating solubility using precipitation
appropriate salts in solution through reactions Revision 13.1
precipitation reactions Revision Questions - Jacaranda Chemistry 1. Set Pages 249-250
13.1
5 Concentration of solutions Concentration of solutions Chapter 13

27. Describe the molarity of a solution as the 27. Recall the definition of the mole and apply 27. 251- 252
number of moles of solute per litre of solution mole theory to explain the concept of molarity
using: using an appropriate formula. 28. 256-257
n 28. Solve problems using other measurements of
c
V concentration.
28. Explain why different measurements of 29. Solve problems involving concentrations of 29. 253-257
concentration are important. solutions.
29. Carry out simple calculations to describe the
30. PRACTICAL ACTIVITY 13.2 - Preparing 30. 261
concentration of given solutions, given masses
of solute and volumes of solution. and diluting solutions
30. Perform a first-hand investigation to make 31. Solve problems related to precipitation and 31. 255
solutions to specified volume-to-volume and concentration.
mass-to-volume specifications and dilute them
to specified concentrations (cV = constant).
31. Calculate mass and concentration
relationships in precipitation reactions as they
are encountered.

Revision Questions - Jacaranda Chemistry 1. Set Revision 13.2

13.2 Pages 257-259
6 14. Water and energy Energy changes in aqueous systems Chapter 14
Energy changes in aqueous systems 32. Develop the concept of specific heat capacity 32. 249-250
32. Explain what is meant by the specific heat by examining data on the loss of heat by different
capacity of a substance. hot metals. Define the term specific heat capacity. 33. 250-251
33. Compare the specific heat capacity of water 33. Use tabulated data to compare the specific heat
with a range of other solvents. capacity of water with other liquids. 34. 251-254
34. Explain and use the equation: 34. Describe the principles of calorimetry and 260
H  mCT define the term "enthalpy". Explain the terms in the
35. Explain how water’s ability to absorb heat is enthalpy equation and use this equation to solve 35. 252-254
used to measure energy changes in chemical
problems.
reactions.
36. Describe dissolutions which release heat as 35. Explain how calorimeters containing water can 36/37 254-257
exothermic and give examples. be used to measure energy changes in chemical
37. Describe dissolutions which absorb heat as reactions. 38. 257-258
endothermic and give examples. 36/37. Define the terms "endothermic" and
38. Explain why water’s ability to absorb heat is "exothermic" and discuss examples of dissolution 39. 259
important to aquatic organisms and to life on reactions in which heat is absorbed or released.
earth generally. 38. Discuss the role of water in the environment in 40. 262-263
39. Explain what is meant by thermal pollution moderating temperatures due to its highs specific
and discuss the implications for life if a body of heat capacity. 41. 260
water is affected by thermal pollution. 39. Define "thermal pollution" and discuss specific
40. Choose resources and perform a first-hand
examples.
investigation to measure the change in
temperature when substances dissolve in water 40. PRACTICAL ACTIVITY 14.1-
and calculate the molar heat of solution. Calorimetry- measuring the heat of solution
41. Process and present information from 41. Discuss the limitations of calorimetry
secondary sources to assess the limitations of experiments and use this information to explain
calorimetry experiments and design how modifications can be made to reduce heat
modifications to equipment used. losses. Revision 14.1
Revision Questions - Jacaranda Chemistry 1. Set Pages 260-261
14.1
7 GENERAL REVISION CD- Preliminary MODULE 3 - REVISION CD Preliminary
QUESTIONS - Chapters 11,12,13 and 14 MODULE 3
REVISION
Use the supplied set of questions to revise all of QUESTIONS
Module 3.
15 Multiple Choice and 20 open-ended questions in REVISION SET
the style of the HSC are available.
Model answers are available on the CD. PROBLEM
SOLVING SET
CD- MODULE 3 REVISION SET
One set of ten short and long answer questions
based on Module 3.
Set 5 - Solubility, bonding and properties of water

CD- MODULE 3 PROBLEM SOLVING SET

One problem-solving worksheet is available.
Set 8- Molarity calculations

Worked answers are supplied.