Scribd
Upload
59 views9 pages

Constants and Factors for Gas Laws

This document provides conversion factors and constants for various units related to gases, volumes, densities, lengths, masses, forces, pressures, powers, energies, heat transfer properties, viscosities, diffusivities, mass transfer coefficients, and calorific values. It includes the gas constant R in various units, conversions between units of volume and density, standard gravity and its conversions, conversions for units of length, mass, force, pressure, power, heat, energy, work, thermal conductivity, heat transfer coefficient, viscosity, diffusivity, mass and heat flux, heat capacity, mass transfer coefficient, and calorific values of various biomass and fuel sources.

Uploaded by

yusefri
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as XLS, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
59 views9 pages

Constants and Factors for Gas Laws

This document provides conversion factors and constants for various units related to gases, volumes, densities, lengths, masses, forces, pressures, powers, energies, heat transfer properties, viscosities, diffusivities, mass transfer coefficients, and calorific values. It includes the gas constant R in various units, conversions between units of volume and density, standard gravity and its conversions, conversions for units of length, mass, force, pressure, power, heat, energy, work, thermal conductivity, heat transfer coefficient, viscosity, diffusivity, mass and heat flux, heat capacity, mass transfer coefficient, and calorific values of various biomass and fuel sources.

Uploaded by

yusefri
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as XLS, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Fundamental Constants and Conversion Factors

Gas Law Constant R


Numerical value Units
1.9872 g cal/g mol.K
1.9872 btu/lb [Link]
82.057 [Link]/g mol.K
8314.34 J/kg mol.K
82.057 x 10-3 [Link]/kg mol.K
8314.34 kg.m2/[Link] mol.K
10.731 [Link]/[Link] mol. oR
0.7302 [Link]/lb mol. oR
1545.3 [Link]/lb mol. oR
8314.34 [Link]/kg mol.K

Volume and Density


1 g mol ideal gas at 0oC, 760mmHg 22.414 liters 22414 cm3
1 lb mol ideal gas at 0oC, 760mmHg 359.05 ft3
1 kg mol ideal gas at 0oC, 760mmHg 22.414 m3
Density of dry air at 0oC, 760mmHg 1.2929 g/liter
0.080711 lbm/ft
3

Molecular weight of air 28.97 lbm/lb mol 28.97 g/g mol

Conversions

Density
62.43 lbm/ft
3
1 g/cm3 1000
1 g/cm 3
8.345 lbm/US gal
1 lbm/ft
3
16.0185 kg/m3

Length
1 in 2.54 cm
100 cm 1 m
1 micron 1E-06 m 1E-04
1 Angstrom 1E-10 m 1E-04
1 mile 5280 ft
1 m 3.2808 ft 39.37

Mass
1 lbm 453.59 g 0.45359
1 lbm 16 oz 7000
1 kg 1000 g 2.2046
1 st 2000 lbm
1 lt 2240 lbm
1 mt 1000 kg
Standard Acceleration of Gravity
g 9.80665 m/s2 980.665 cm/s2
gc 32.174 [Link]/lbf.s
2

980.665 [Link]/gf.s
2

Volume
1 liter 1000 cm3
1 in3 16.387 cm3
1 ft3 28.317 liter
1 ft3 0.028317 m3
1 ft3 7.481 US gal
1 m3 264.17 US gal
1 m3 1000 liter
1 US gal 4 qt
1 US gal 3.7854 liter
1 US gal 3785.4 cm3
1 British gal 1.20094 US gal
1 m3 35.313 ft3

Force
1 [Link]/s2 1E-05 kg.m/s2 1E-05
7.233E-05 [Link]/s
2
1 [Link]/s 2

1 kg.m/s2 1 N
1 lbf 4.4482 N
1 [Link]/s 2
2.248E-06 lbf

Pressure
1 bar 1E+05 Pa 1E+05
1 lbf/in
2
1 psia
1 psia 2.036 in. Hg at 0oC
2.311 ft H2O at 0 C
o
1 psia
1 psia 51.715 mm Hg at 0oC
1 atm 14.696 psia
1 atm 760 mm Hg at 0oC
1 atm 29.921 in. Hg at 0oC
33.9 ft H2O at 4 C
o
1 atm
1 psia 6.895E+04 g/cm.s2
1 psia 6.895E+04 dyn/cm2
2.089E-03 lbf/ft
2
1 dyn/cm2
1 psia 6.895E+03 N/m2 6.895E+03
1 lbf/ft
2
4.788E+02 dyn/cm2 47.88
1 mm Hg at 0 C o
1.333E+02 N/m2

1 mm H20 at 4 deg C = 9.807 Pa


Power
1 hp 0.7457 kW
1 hp 550 [Link]/s
1 hp 0.7068 btu/s
1 W 14.34 cal/min
1 btu/h 0.29307 W
1 J/s 1 W

Heat, Energy, Work


1 J 1 N.m 1
1 kg.m2/s2 1 J 1E+07
1 btu 1055.06 J 1.05506
1 btu 252.16 cal
1 kcal 1000 cal 4.184
1 cal 4.184 J
1 btu 251.996 cal
1 btu 778.17 [Link]
1 hp.h 0.7457 kW.h
1 hp.h 2544.5 btu
1 [Link] 1.35582 J
1 [Link]/lbm 2.989 J/kg

Thermal Conductivity
1 btu/[Link] 4.137E-03 cal/[Link]
1 btu/[Link] 1.73073 W/m.K

Heat Transfer Coefficient


1 btu/h.ft2 oF 1.357E-04 cal/s.cm2 oC
1 btu/[Link] F
2o
5.678E-04 W/cm2 oC
1 btu/h.ft2 oF 5.6783 W/m2 K
1 kcal/h.m F 2o
0.2048 btu/h.ft2 oF

Viscosity
1 cp 1E-02 g/cm.s
1 cp 2.4191 lbm/ft.h
1 cp 6.720E-04 lbm/ft.s
1 cp 1E-03 Pa.s 1E-03
2.089E-05 lbf.s/ft
2
1 cp
1 Pa.s 1 N.s/m2 1

Diffusivity
1 cm2/s 3.875 ft2/hr
1 cm2/s 1E-04 m2/s
1 m2/hr 10.764 ft2/hr
1 m2/s 3.875E+04 ft2/hr
1 centistoke 1E-02 cm2/s

Mass Flux and Molar Flux


7.373E+03 lbm/[Link]
2
1 g/s.cm2
1 g mol/s.cm2 7.373E+03 lb mol/h.ft2
1 g mol/s.cm2 10 kg mol/s.m2 1E+04
1 lb mol/h.ft2 1.356E-03 kg mol/s.m2

Heat Flux and Heat Flow


1 btu/h.ft2 3.1546 W/m2
1 btu/h 0.29307 W
1 cal/h 1.162E-03 W

Heat Capacity and Enthalpy


1 btu/lbm. F
o
4.1868 kJ/kg.K
1 btu/lb m
. o
F 1 cal/[Link]
1 btu/lbm 2326 J/kg
1 [Link]/lbm 2.989 J/kg
1 cal/[Link] 4.1868 kJ/kg.K
1 kcal/g mol 4.184E+03 kJ/kg mol

Mass Transfer Coefficient


1 kc cm/s 1E-02 m/s
1 kc ft/hr 8.467E-05 m/s
1 kx g mol/[Link] . mol frac
2
10 kg mol/s.m2. mol frac
1 kx g mol/[Link] . mol frac
2
1E+04 g mol/s.m2. mol frac
1 kx lb mol/[Link] . mol frac
2
1.356E-03 kg mol/s.m2. mol frac
1 kxa lb mol/[Link] . mol frac
3
4.449E-03 kg mol/s.m3. mol frac
1 kG kg mol/s.m . atm
2
9.869E-06 kg mol/s.m2. Pa
1 kGa kg mol/s.m . atm
3
9.869E-06 kg mol/s.m2. Pa
kg/m3

cm 1E-03 mm 1 mm
mm

in

kg
grains
lbm
32.174 ft/s2

N/m2

1.013E+05 N/m2 1.01325 bar


1.013E+05 Pa

Pa
N/m2
0.133322 kPa
kg.m2/s2
g.cm2/s2
kJ

kJ

kg/m.s 1E-03 N.s/m2

kg/m.s 1000 cp 0.67197 lbm/ft.s


g mol/scm2

kg mol/s.m2. mol frac


g mol/s.m2. mol frac
kg mol/s.m2. mol frac
kg mol/s.m3. mol frac
kg mol/s.m2. Pa
kg mol/s.m2. Pa
Calorific Value

Vegetable Oil 40 GJ/mt


Meal 17 GJ/mt
Dry Biomass 16 - 18 GJ/mt
Fibers 2500 kcal/kg
Shells 3500 kcal/kg
Empty bunches kcal/kg

LHV = 6 - 10% HHV


1 mt steam @ 12 bar = 2.8 GJ

Stack loss 20% x LHV


Electrical Eff'y 30% x LHV

You might also like