Disciplines and Ideas in the Social Sciences
Governor Pack Road, Baguio City, Philippines 2600
Tel. Nos.: (+6374) 442-3316, 442-8220; 444-2786;
442-2564; 442-8219; 442-8256; Fax No.: 442-6268 Name:
Email: email@[Link]; Website: [Link]
S.Y. 2020-2021 Third Trimester Grade Level/Section: HUMSS 11
MODULE 3 – Soc Sci 11 Subject Teacher:
DISCIPLINES IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCES PART 2: Anthropology, Political
Science, Sociology, Psychology and Linguistics
I. LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
Through discussion, the learners are able to:
A. compare and contrast the various Social Science disciplines and their fields, main areas of
inquiry, and methods;
B. understand the importance of the disciplines as Social Sciences;
C. appreciate the contributions of the disciplines in the Social Sciences formation; and
D. complete the activity that follows at the end of the module
II. DISCUSSION
A. Anthropology
- holistic “science of man,” totality of human experience
- comes from the Greek word “anthropos” which means human and “logos” which mean
study
- “study of the relationship between biological traits and socially acquired characteristics”
(Hunt, 2002)
Two broad fields in Anthropology
a. Physical Anthropology or Biological Anthropology
- how humans emerged and evolved through time (human paleontology)
b. Cultural Anthropology
- differences of culture from time to time
Three main branches of Cultural Anthropology:
1. Archeology –studies past cultures through tangible or material remains
- help reconstruct the life and culture of humans in prehistoric times.
2. Anthropological Linguistics – anthropological study of languages
- explains the differences of languages by culture and how it is constructed
3. Ethnology - study of recent or present cultures
- explain the difference of cultures before and recent through vigor research.
B. Political Science
- systematic study of the government and state
- “politics” is derived from the Greek word “polis” meaning city, or what today would be the
equivalent of a sovereign state.
Scientific study of the state
State – is a community of persons more or less numerous, permanently occupying a definite
portion of territory having a government of their own to which the great body of inhabitants
render obedience, and enjoying freedom from external control.
Elements of the State (De Leon, 2014)
1. People - refers to the inhabitants living within the state.
2. Territory – it includes not only the fixed portion of land over which the jurisdiction of
the state extends but also the rivers and lakes therein, a certain area of the sea
which abuts upon its coasts and air space above land and waters.
3. Government – refers to the agency through which the will of the state is formulated,
expressed and carried out.
This module is an intellectual property of the University of the Cordilleras Senior High School. Unauthorized reproduction, modification, distribution, display or
transmission in any form, medium and manner of any of the contents of the modules (digital or printed) for whatever purpose is strictly prohibited.
Disciplines and Ideas in the Social Sciences
Governor Pack Road, Baguio City, Philippines 2600
Tel. Nos.: (+6374) 442-3316, 442-8220; 444-2786;
442-2564; 442-8219; 442-8256; Fax No.: 442-6268 Name:
Email: email@[Link]; Website: [Link]
S.Y. 2020-2021 Third Trimester Grade Level/Section: HUMSS 11
MODULE 3 – Soc Sci 11 Subject Teacher:
4. Sovereignty – the supreme power of the state to command and enforce obedience
to its will from the people within its jurisdiction and corollary, to have freedom from
foreign control.
Political Science is a very big discipline that’s why it is divided into subfields:
1. Political Theory – The entire body of doctrines relating to the origin, form, behavior, and
purpose of the state are dealt in the study of this subject.
2. Public Law – The organization of governments, the limitations upon government authority,
the powers and duties of governmental officers and offices, and the obligations of one
state to another are handled in the study of public law.
• Private law affects the rights and obligations of individuals, families, businesses and
small groups and exists to assist citizens in disputes that involve private matters. Its
scope is more specific than public law and covers:
o Contract law - governs the rights and obligations of those entering into
contracts
o Tort law - rights, obligations and remedies provided to someone who has
been wronged by another individual
o Property law - governs forms of property ownership, transfer and tenant issues
o Succession law - governs the transfer of an estate between parties
o Family law - governs family-related and domestic-related issues
• Public law deals with issues that affect the general public or state - society as a
whole. Some of the laws that its wide scope covers are:
o Constitutional law- are laws that protect citizens' rights as afforded in the
Constitution
o Administrative law - laws that govern government agencies, like the
Department of Education and the Equal Employment Opportunity
Commission
o Criminal law - laws that relate to crime
o Municipal laws - are ordinances, regulations and by-laws that govern a city or
town
o International laws - are laws that oversee relations between nations
3. Public Administration – This subfield focused upon the methods and techniques used in the
actual management of the state affairs by executive, legislative, and judicial branches of
government.
4. International Relation – The subfield studies the political and economic relationship between
and among nation-states. Conflict such as war and terrorism, diplomatic and consulate
affairs, and international law is studied.
5. Public Policy – It is the study on the interface of politics and economics. It aims to create a
plan to develop programs that would be sufficient and adequate to societies and
communities.
C. SOCIOLOGY - is the study of social behavior or society, including its origins, development,
organization, networks, and institutions.
✓ It is a social science that uses various methods of empirical investigation and critical analysis
to develop a body of knowledge about social order, disorder, and change
✓ Studying society provides us an idea on its importance an equal, just and humane society.
a. Sub-Disciplines of Sociology
This module is an intellectual property of the University of the Cordilleras Senior High School. Unauthorized reproduction, modification, distribution, display or
transmission in any form, medium and manner of any of the contents of the modules (digital or printed) for whatever purpose is strictly prohibited.
Disciplines and Ideas in the Social Sciences
Governor Pack Road, Baguio City, Philippines 2600
Tel. Nos.: (+6374) 442-3316, 442-8220; 444-2786;
442-2564; 442-8219; 442-8256; Fax No.: 442-6268 Name:
Email: email@[Link]; Website: [Link]
S.Y. 2020-2021 Third Trimester Grade Level/Section: HUMSS 11
MODULE 3 – Soc Sci 11 Subject Teacher:
1. Social Organization – studies that involve social structures such as institutions, social groups,
social stratification, social mobility, and ethnic groups.
2. Social Psychology – study of the impact of group life to a person’s nature and personality
3. Social Change and Disorganization – inquires on the shift in social and cultural interactions
and the interruption of its process through delinquency, deviance, and conflicts.
4. Human Ecology – pursues studies that relate human behavior to existing social institutions
(subjects belong to are treated in the context of an ecological /environmental element
that defines human behavior)
5. Population or Demography – inquires on the interrelationship between population
characteristics and dynamics with that of a political, economic, and social system.
6. Applied Sociology – uses sociological research and methods to solve contemporary
problems
b. Social Structure and Agency – This is the foundation of every society from which emanates the
possible roles, statues, institutions, and organizations.
Social Structure – is the determining factor by which every other part of a society gains its
context.
Agency – the realized capacity of people to act upon their world and not only to know
about or give personal or intersubjective significance to it.
c. The Sociological Imagination
- It is a particular way of looking at the world around us through sociological lenses.
- It is a way of looking at our experiences in light of what is going on in the social world
around us.
- This helps us to appreciate the social and non-biological forces that affect, influence
and shape our lives as individuals, groups, and communities (Giddens, 1982).
D. Psychology
- study of human behavior and mental processes.
- from the word “psyche” which means soul and “logos” which means study
- “study of the soul”
- William James: “the science of mental life and process, the science of feelings, desires,
cognition, reasoning, decisions and the like”
Schools of Psychology
1. Structuralism – Uses the method of introspection to identify the basic elements or “structures”
of psychological experience. (Contributors: Wilhelm Wundt, Edward Titchener)
2. Functionalism – Attempts to understand why humans have developed the particular
psychological aspects that they currently possess. (Contributors: William James)
3. Psychodynamic – Focuses on the role of our unconscious thoughts, feelings, and memories
and our early childhood experiences in determining behavior. (Contributors: Sigmund Freud,
Carl Gustave Jung, Alfred Alder, Erik Erikson)
4. Behaviorism – Based on the premise that it is not possible to objectively study the mind, and
therefore that psychologist should limit their attention to the study of behavior itself.
5. Cognitive – The study of mental processes, including perception, thinking, memory, and
judgments. (Contributors: Hermann Ebbighaus, Frederic Bartlett, Jean Piaget)
6. Socio-cultural – The study of how the social situations and the cultures in which people find
themselves influence thinking and behavior. (Contributor: Fritz Heider, Leon Festinger, Stanley
Schachter)
E. Linguistics
- Linguistics is basically the study of language
- principal means used by human beings to communicate with one another
This module is an intellectual property of the University of the Cordilleras Senior High School. Unauthorized reproduction, modification, distribution, display or
transmission in any form, medium and manner of any of the contents of the modules (digital or printed) for whatever purpose is strictly prohibited.
Disciplines and Ideas in the Social Sciences
Governor Pack Road, Baguio City, Philippines 2600
Tel. Nos.: (+6374) 442-3316, 442-8220; 444-2786;
442-2564; 442-8219; 442-8256; Fax No.: 442-6268 Name:
Email: email@[Link]; Website: [Link]
S.Y. 2020-2021 Third Trimester Grade Level/Section: HUMSS 11
MODULE 3 – Soc Sci 11 Subject Teacher:
Composition of Language
1. Phonetics – which concerns the sound being used in language;
2. Phonology – which concerns with the way sounds are used in individual languages;
3. Morphology - which concerns with the structure of words;
4. Syntax – which concerns the structures of phrases and sentences;
5. Semantics – which concerns in giving and studying the meaning.
Five specific functions of Language (P. Dizon, 2003)
1. It makes possible our great flexibility in the use of words for both communication and
information processing in general;
2. It enables us to acquire information by providing labels for the objects and events in our
environment;
3. It helps us encode information into memory by providing many of the linkages in the
associative network of memory;
4. It helps us find meanings, relationships, and similarities and thus building concepts on the
top of concepts;
5. It helps us think and solve problems.
III. ACTIVITY:
A. Identify what discipline has the following objective.
1. To accumulate certain and definite knowledge about the rise and fall of civilizations int the
past.
2. To produce better citizens by having a well-grounded knowledge of all governmental
agencies.
3. To understand how the natural environment affect the lives of people.
4. To comprehend the differences in social relationships and expectations between groups and
societies.
5. To effectively allocate goods and services for the consumption of people.
6. To discover how humans have physically changed or evolved in the past.
7. To appreciate how the population dynamics of birth and aging affect the society.
8. To learn more about the attitudes and thoughts of a certain individual.
9. To fully understand the mechanisms behind human language.
10. To systematically organize written accounts or narrative of facts in the past in order to discover
meaningful relationships among them.
B. With the following stated social problem, identify which discipline or disciplines may be inclined
to address the issue.
1. There is a need to know what happened to the once mighty Khmer Empire in Cambodia.
2. Divorce rates are increasing tremendously in the United States of America.
3. A college student has a difficult time dealing with school stressors that results in anxiety and
tension.
4. A high level of underemployment is being experienced by newly graduates despite having
baccalaureate degrees.
5. Overpopulation has become a threat for most Asian countries, like China and India.
6. The quality of the air we constantly breathe affects our general health and well-being.
7. There are 38 languages around the world whose affiliation has yet to be established.
8. The Callao Man may be the ancestors of early people in the Philippines.
9. Foreign aids are integral for development assistance to developing nations.
10. Ebola outbreak in West Africa is the most complex outbreak in the history of disease.
This module is an intellectual property of the University of the Cordilleras Senior High School. Unauthorized reproduction, modification, distribution, display or
transmission in any form, medium and manner of any of the contents of the modules (digital or printed) for whatever purpose is strictly prohibited.
Disciplines and Ideas in the Social Sciences
Governor Pack Road, Baguio City, Philippines 2600
Tel. Nos.: (+6374) 442-3316, 442-8220; 444-2786;
442-2564; 442-8219; 442-8256; Fax No.: 442-6268 Name:
Email: email@[Link]; Website: [Link]
S.Y. 2020-2021 Third Trimester Grade Level/Section: HUMSS 11
MODULE 3 – Soc Sci 11 Subject Teacher:
C. Make a reflection paper on the topic ‘’What Social Scientist Would I Want to Be?’’ Write a 1-page
essay on the subject matter highlighting your passion to a certain discipline and your probable
contribution in enriching that field of study in the future. You may want to do simple research on
the lives of key personalities/proponents in the Social Sciences. You will be graded based on the
rubric below. 25 pts.
This module is an intellectual property of the University of the Cordilleras Senior High School. Unauthorized reproduction, modification, distribution, display or
transmission in any form, medium and manner of any of the contents of the modules (digital or printed) for whatever purpose is strictly prohibited.
Disciplines and Ideas in the Social Sciences
Governor Pack Road, Baguio City, Philippines 2600
Tel. Nos.: (+6374) 442-3316, 442-8220; 444-2786;
442-2564; 442-8219; 442-8256; Fax No.: 442-6268 Name:
Email: email@[Link]; Website: [Link]
S.Y. 2020-2021 Third Trimester Grade Level/Section: HUMSS 11
MODULE 3 – Soc Sci 11 Subject Teacher:
Rubrics for the Reflection paper
Criteria Description Points
Content The content was very clear. The 10
student was able to consult
sources on renowned social
scientists in order to prove and
validate his or her claim.
Analysis The student was able to 10
convey his or her own analysis
of a particular discipline as
supported by factual
information.
Organization The paper was well-organized. 5
It highlighted the student’s
passion and possible
contribution to the field of
study.
Total 25
IV. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE:
Kagan, J. (2009). The Three Cultures: Natural Sciences, Social Sciences, and the Humanities.
Cambridge University Press.
Pearson Higher Education. (2020). In Introduction: Social Science and Its Methods (pp. 1-27).
V. REFERENCES:
Banner, J. J. (2012). The Discipline and Profession of History. In J. J. Banner, Being a Historian: An
Introduction to the Professional World of History (pp. 1-10). Cambridge University Press.
Boehm, R. G., & Petersen, J. F. (1994). An Elaboration of the Fundamental Themes in Geography.
Social Education, 211-218.
Corson, M., Doe, W., Thomas, M., & Thomas, G. (2020). What is Geography. Retrieved from GEOG 882:
Geographic Foundations of Geospatial Intelligence: [Link]
[Link]/geog882/l3_p4.html
Dartmouth. (n.d.). Human Geography. Retrieved from
[Link]
Economic and Social Research Council. (n.d.). Retrieved from Social Science:
[Link]
Economics Online. (n.d.). What is economics. Retrieved from Economics Online:
[Link]
conomics%20is%20the%20scientific%20study,of%20individuals%2C%20groups%20and%20organi
sations.
Flynn, G. Q. (1974). History and the Social Sciences. The Hstory Teacher, 434-447.
Harden, C. P., Luzzadder-Beach, S., MacDonald, G. M., Marston, R. A., & Winkler, J. A. (2020). Physical
Geography Contributes. SAGE, 1-9.
Huntington, C. (1928). Geography as a Social Science. International Honor Society in Social Sciences,
262-265.
Morphakis, F. (2020, August 8). What is History. History Today.
Murphy, A. (2015). Geography. Retrieved from National Geographic:
[Link]
National Geographic Society. (n.d.). Looking at the World in Multiple Ways. Geography For Life:
National Geography Standards, Second Edition. Retrieved from
This module is an intellectual property of the University of the Cordilleras Senior High School. Unauthorized reproduction, modification, distribution, display or
transmission in any form, medium and manner of any of the contents of the modules (digital or printed) for whatever purpose is strictly prohibited.
Disciplines and Ideas in the Social Sciences
Governor Pack Road, Baguio City, Philippines 2600
Tel. Nos.: (+6374) 442-3316, 442-8220; 444-2786;
442-2564; 442-8219; 442-8256; Fax No.: 442-6268 Name:
Email: email@[Link]; Website: [Link]
S.Y. 2020-2021 Third Trimester Grade Level/Section: HUMSS 11
MODULE 3 – Soc Sci 11 Subject Teacher:
[Link]
standards/geographic-perspectives/
New World Encyclopedia Contributors. (2020, June 19). Retrieved from New World Encyclopedia:
[Link]
Pearson Higher Education. (2020). Economics as a Scocial Science.
Rice University. (n.d.). Principles of Economics. Retrieved from [Link]:
[Link]
macroeconomics/#navigation
Robbins, L. (1945). An Essay on the Nature and Significance of Economic Science: Second Edition,
Revised and Extended. London: MacMillan and Co., Limited.
Rosenberg, A. (2008). Philosophy of Social Science: Third Edition. Boulder: Westview Press.
Seattle University. (2021, January 11). Primary vs. Secondary Sources. Retrieved from Lemieux Library:
[Link]
The Field of Economics. (n.d.). Retrieved from [Link]
economics-v2.0/[Link]
University of Massachusetts. (2021, March 12). Primary Sources: A Research Guide. Retrieved from
Healey Library: [Link]
Zaman, F. (2020, August 8). What is History? History Today.
This module is an intellectual property of the University of the Cordilleras Senior High School. Unauthorized reproduction, modification, distribution, display or
transmission in any form, medium and manner of any of the contents of the modules (digital or printed) for whatever purpose is strictly prohibited.
