Medio Ambiente y Energías Renovables
Tema: Introducción a la electrónica de potencia
(Circuitos RLC con diodos)
Docente: Ing. Edy Ayala Msc.
Diode with an RLC Load
J1
Key = Space
D1 R
DIODE_VIRTUAL 160 Ohm
L vL(t)
2mH
Vs
220 V
C
0.05uF
VCo vC(t)
Close the switch at t = 0
J1
Key = Space
D1 R
DIODE_VIRTUAL 160 Ohm
L
2mH
Vs
220 V
C
0.05uF
VCo
KVL around the loop
di 1
V = R i + L + idt + v (0)
s C
dt C
di 2
di 1
L +R + i = 0
dt 2
dt C
di R di
2
i
+ + =0
dt 2
L dt LC
Characteristic Equation
R 1
s + s+
2
=0
L LC
( )
2
R R 1
s =−
1,2
−
2L 2L LC
R
= dampingfactor =
2L
1
= resonantfrequency =
0
LC
s = − − w
1,2
2 2
0
3 Cases
• Case 1
= ω0 “critically damped”
s1 = s2 = -
roots are equal
i(t) = (A1 + A2t)es1t
3 Cases (continued)
• Case 2
> ω0 “overdamped”
roots are real and distinct
i(t) = A1es1t + A2es2t
3 Cases (continued)
• Case 3
< ω0 “underdamped”
s1,2 = - +/- jωr
ωr = the “ringing” frequency, or the damped resonant frequency
ωr = √ωo2 – α2
i(t) = e-t(A1cosωrt + A2sinωrt)
exponentially damped sinusoid
Example 2.6
D1 R
DIODE_VIRT UAL 160ohm
V1 L
2mH
220V
C
0.05uF
Determine an expression for the current
R 160
α= = -3
= 40, 000rad/s
2L (2)(2×10 )
1 1
ω0 = = = 1×105 rad/s
LC (2×10-3 )(0.05×106 )
α < ω0
ωr = ω02 - α 2 = 1×1010 -16×108 = 91, 652rad/s
i(t) = e-αt (A1cosωr t + A 2sinωr t)
@t = 0,i(t = 0) = 0
A1 = 0
i(t) = e-αt (A 2sinωr t)
di
= ωr cosωr tA 2 e -αt - αsinω r tA 2 e-αt
dt
Determine an expression for the current
@t = 0,
di Vs
= ωr A 2 =
dt t=0 L
Vs 220V
A2 = = = 1.2A
ωr L (91, 652rad/s)(2×10 )
-3
i(t) = 1.2sin(91, 652t)e-40,000t
Determine the conduction time of the diode
• The conduction time will occur when the current goes
through zero.
•
-40,000t
i(t1 ) = 1.2sin(91, 652t1 )e A=0
91, 652t1 = π
π
t1 = = 34.27μs
91, 652
Conduction Time
Freewheeling Diodes
XSC1
G
A B
100usec 200usec
J1
D1
DIODE_VIRTUAL
L
Freewheelin D2
DIODE_VIRTUAL 200uH
V1
g
200 V
Diode Rf R
0.001 Ohm 0.001 Ohm
Freewheeling Diodes
• D2 is reverse biased when the
switch is closed
• When the switch opens, current in 100usec 200usec
J1
D1
the inductor continues. D2 DIODE_VIRTUAL
becomes forward biased, D2
DIODE_VIRTUAL
L
200uH
“discharging” the inductor. V1
200 V
Rf R
0.001 Ohm 0.001 Ohm
Analyzing the circuit
• Consider 2 “Modes” of operation.
100usec 200usec
• Mode 1 is when the switch is J1
D1
closed. DIODE_VIRTUAL
D2 L
DIODE_VIRTUAL 200uH
V1
• Mode 2 is when the switch is 200 V
Rf R
opened. 0.001 Ohm 0.001 Ohm
Circuit in Mode 1
i1(t) L
20uH
Vs
220V
R
1 Ohm
Mode 1 (continued)
R
Vs − t
i1 (t ) = (1 − e L
) Pag 42
R Rashid
Open @ t = t1
R
Vs − t1
I1 = i1 (t1 ) = (1 − e L
)
R
steady − state
Vs
Is =
R
Circuit in Mode 2
I1
L
20uH
i2
R
1 Ohm
Mode 2 (continued)
di2
0=L + Ri2
dt
i2 (0) = I1
R
− t
i2 (t ) = I1e L
Example 2.7
XSC1
G
A B
100usec 200usec
J1
D1
DIODE_VIRTUAL
L
200uH
V1 D2
200 V DIODE_VIRTUAL
R
0.001 Ohm
Inductor Current
i(t) = 100A
V
i(t) = S
t
L
Recovery of Trapped Energy Return Stored Energy to the Source
Add a second winding and a diode
“Feedback”
winding
The inductor and feedback winding look like a transformer
Equivalent Circuit
Lm = Magnetizing Inductance
v2/v1 = N2/N1 = i1/i2
Refer Secondary to Primary Side
Operational Mode 1 Switch closed @ t = 0
Diode D1 is reverse biased, ai2 = 0
Vs = vD/a – Vs/a
vD = Vs(1+a) = reverse diode voltage
primary current i1 = is
Vs = Lm(di1/dt)
i1(t) = (Vs/Lm)t for 0<=t<=t1
Operational Mode 2
Begins @ t = t1 when switch is opened
i1(t = t1) = (Vs/Lm)t1 = initial current I0
Lm(di1/dt) + Vs/a = 0
i1(t) = -(Vs/aLm)t + I0 for 0 <= t <= t2
Find the conduction time t2
Solve
-(Vs/aLm)t2 + I0 = 0
yields
t2 = (aLmI0)/Vs
I0 = (Vst1)/Lm
t1 = (LmI0)Vs
t2 = at1
Waveform Summary
Example 2.8
• Lm = 250μH N1 = 10 N2 = 100 VS= 220V
• There is no initial current.
• Switch is closed for a time t1 = 50μs, then opened.
• Leakage inductances and resistances of the transformer = 0.
Determine the reverse voltage of D1
• The turns ratio is a = N2/N1 = 100/10 = 10
• vD = VS(1+a) = (220V)(1+10) = 2420 Volts
Calculate the peak value of the primary and secondary currents
• From above, I0 = (Vs/Lm)t1
• I0 = (220V/250μH)(50μs) = 44 Amperes
• I’0 =I0/a = 44A/10 = 4.4 Amperes
Determine the conduction time of the diode
• t2 = (aLmI0)/Vs
• t2 = (10)(250μH)(44A)/220V
• t2 = 500μs
• or, t2 = at1
• t2 = (10)(50μs)
• t2 = 500μs
Determine the energy supplied by the Source
t1 t1 2
Vs 1V 2
W = vidt = Vs tdt = t1 s
0 0
Lm 2 Lm
W = (1/2)((220V)2/(250μH))(50μs)2
W = 0.242J = 242mJ
W = 0.5LmI02 = (0.5)(250x10-6)(44A)2
W = 0.242J = 242mJ
• Bibliografía:
• RASHID Muhammad, Electrónica de Potencia, Circuitos Dispositivos y Aplicaciones, Cuarta
Edición, Prentice-Hall, México 2020
