EXPERIMENT 2
Separation of a Mixture
REPORTFORM Name _______Dang Nguyen_____
Instructor _____Ambrose Okpokpo_______
Date ________4/12/2021___________
Part I
1) Sample Number ___47.40_
__
__47.40__
2) Mass of empty evaporating dish
g
__49.40_
3) Mass of dish + mixture
g
4) Mass of mixture ___2.00__
g
Part II
5) Mass of dish + sand + salt (after subliming the NH4Cl) __48.83__
g
__0.57__
6) Mass of ammonium chloride[(3) – (5)] = 49.40 – 48.83
g
7) Percentage of NH4Cl = 0.57 / 2.0 * 100 __28.5__
(show your calculation) %
Part III
8) Mass of dish + dry SiO2 (after heating) __47.93__
g
__0.53__
9) Mass of dry SiO2 [(8) – (2)] = 47.93 – 47.40
g
10) Percentage of SiO2 = 0.53 / 2.0 * 100 __26.5__
(show your calculation) %
Part IV
11) Mass of empty second evaporating dish __108.47_
g
__109.15_
12) Mass of evaporation dish + dry NaCl (after heating)
g
__0.68__
13) Mass of dry NaCl [(12) – (11)]
g
CHEM 1405 Experiment 2 1
EXPERIMENT 2
14) Percentage of NaCl = 0.68 / 2.0 * 100 __34__ %
(show your calculation)
Part V
15) Total mass of NH4Cl, SiO2, and NaCl = 0.57 + 0.53 + 0.68 ___1.78__
g
16) Percent recovery ___89___
Explanation: %
Name: Dang Nguyen
Pre-Laboratory Questions and Exercises
Due before lab begins. Answer in the space provided.
1. Define the following terms;
a) Evaporation: Evaporation is the process of changing from a liquid or solid state into vapor (like
fog, mist, or steam). Evaporation is a noun form of the verb evaporate. Both terms are typically used in
the context of water turning into water vapor. Water evaporates when it changes into steam through
boiling, but in scientific terms, evaporation typically refers to the change of a liquid into a vapor at a
temperature below the boiling point, such as the evaporation of water from the surface of the ocean. In
this way, evaporation is an important part of the water cycle. The verb evaporate can also be used in a
figurative way meaning to disappear, and evaporation can be used in this figurative way as well.
Example: The evaporation of the dew from the grass each morning happens more quickly in the sunny
parts of the yard.
b) Sublimation: Sublimation is the transition from the solid phase to the gas phase without passing
through an intermediate liquid phase. This endothermic phase transition occurs at temperatures and
pressures below the triple point.
2. A student used 10 mL water instead of 30 mL for the extraction of the NaCl from the mixture.
How would this affect the calculated percentage of NaCl in the sample?
When using 10ml water instead of 30ml of water 1/3 NaCl extraction
If reduce the amount of solvent by 1/3 you have increased the percentage of NaCl by 50%
CHEM 1405 Experiment 2 2
EXPERIMENT 2
Assume that dissolved the salt in 30ml of water. Then divide the water into two containers one with
20ml and the other with 10ml. The amount of salt in the 10ml is going to be 50% of the amount
dissolved in the 20ml. So if you were to remove that salt from the 10ml and put it in the 20ml container
will increase the percentage of salt by 50%
3. Naphthalene, C10H8, is insoluble in water but sublimes easily when heated. How could you
separate a mixture of naphthalene and NaCl?
By the process of sublimation, we can separate Naphthalene from NaCl. So, by heating, the mixture
Naphthalene will convert into its vapor, whereas NaCl will remain without change. Then on cooling
vapor, we get pure Naphthalene
4. Define the process of boiling (as opposed to evaporation).
Boiling refers to the process of vaporization, wherein the liquid state is turned into the gaseous state, at a
definite boiling point. On the contrary, evaporation is defined as a natural process, in which the increase
in temperature and/or pressure changes liquid into gas.
5. A mixture was found to contain 1.50 g of NH4Cl, 0.80 g of NaCl, and 1.20 g of SiO2.
What is the percentage of sand in this mixture?
to get percent; calculate total mass by adding all masses together
total mass = 1.50 g+ 0.80 g+ 1.20 g = 3.5 g
mass of sand [SiO2] = 1.2 g
% sand in mixture = mass of sand/total mass of mixture x100 = 1.2 g/3.5 g x100 = 34.28 %
CHEM 1405 Experiment 2 3
EXPERIMENT 2
Name: Dang Nguyen
Post-Laboratory Questions and Exercises
Due after completing the lab. Answer in the space provided.
1. Define the following terms:
a) Filtration: It is defined as the process in which the water when passing through any medium
removes the suspended particles present in it. These suspended particles are left on the medium and
water filters out.
b) Decantation: It is a process to separate mixtures by removing a liquid layer that is free of a
precipitate. The purpose may be to obtain a decent (liquid free from particulates) or to recover the
precipitate.
2. During heating, some solution of NaCl splattered out of the evaporating dish. How would this
affect the percent recovery of the mixture?
Percent recovery = (mass of pure compound/mass of impure sample) x 100
Since here the solution of NaCl has been spilled, that would contain the pure compound and impure
sample both, in the same relative amounts as the actual mixture, so the ratio of them remains the same in
the dish.
So the percent recovery of the mixture doesn't change.
3. What is the difference between a mixture and a pure substance?
A pure substance has a fixed composition and contains different components in a definite ratio. Mixtures
don't have a fixed composition and contain components in a different ratio.
CHEM 1405 Experiment 2 4
EXPERIMENT 2
4. Is the melting temperature of a substance different from its freezing temperature? ________
Define the process of melting:
Melting temperature and freezing temperature both are the same. The conversion of solid to liquid is
melting, and the temperature at which it happens is the melting point. The conversion of liquid to solid is
freezing; the temperature is called the freezing point. For example, water freezes to ice at 0 degrees and
ice melts to water at 0 degrees. Thus, both are the same. Melting - the process of conversion of a solid
form of matter to liquid is called melting.
5. A student reported the following percentages for his unknown mixture: 25% NH4Cl, 30% NaCl,
and 50% SiO2. Assuming that the calculations were done correctly, explain the student's error.
Total percentage of the mixture should be 100 always. But here upon adding
25 % +30% + 50 % = 105 %. This is not possible
So % given for NaCl is incorrect
CHEM 1405 Experiment 2 5