1.

Answer any TWO of the followings: [15 marks]

a. Think about your country over the past five years, what it is like now, and how it might change
in the next five years. Include the following topics in your essay.

– Lifestyles and the standard of living

– The economy

– The government

– Relations with other countries

Ans: Our Country: Past and next five years

Development and changes are ever evolving phenomena. Over the past five years or so, a great
many changes have been taken place in the sectors like lifestyles, standard of living, economy,
politics and foreign relations. Some changes have become positive but some have taken place
negatively. In the name of modernization, people have become more standard. They have
habituated to use modern gadgets like iphone, ipad and others. They have chosen to live the
facilitated life living in flats and apartments. Domestic tourism has become easy activities like
normal holidays. To be well connected among the people, they have used the internet and social
media as a fashion.

Another aspect of development and change is the economy. Tourism has flourished very
smoothly. A number of developmental programs related to transportation, communication,
hydropower, modern agriculture, etc. have achieved qualitative changes. Five years duration has
brought rapid and massive changes in communication and technology.

Politics is very unstable in country. There is no positive and qualitative progress in case of
politics, governance, and policy formation. People have great expectations from the government
and constituent assembly but nothing noticeable progress has taken place yet. The optimism of
people is slowly going down in terms of law and system for peace and stability.

We can see a wide relation enhancement with technology. Individually people are well familiar
with the major places of the world. Either in the name of study tours or works, Nepalese people
have widely visited major countries like America, Australia, Korea, Japan England as very
common grounds to make frequent up and down trips. Nepal got some progress in identifying
herself in the world via tourism. It has brought millions of tourists from abroad. Technology has
played supportive roles to have this result.

The present scenario of development shows the pace of development and change as ever
evolving and going on in the duration of past five years. It also predicts so many changes will
have taken place in the next five years as well. Most importantly, in the field of communication,
science and human life will be more massive changes will have occurred. The facilities and
human life will be more comfortable though there will be have been a number of threats and
challenges on the other side. The life will be highly luxurious but with so many difficulties.

b. Report the various stages of a labor dispute, from early discontent through to a
satisfactory solution.

Ans: This is a report on the various stages of a labor dispute from early discontent through to a
satisfactory solution. The concept of labor dispute emerges the moment the terms and conditions
are not appropriately exercised. In other words, when code and conduct are not fairly run, dispute
occurs of any type. If the healthy relation between employer and employee is dismissed, there
remains the state of dispute. This should be timely settled appropriately and with justice to both
parties.

When any dispute occurs in any organization, creative remedies should be applied to solve it.
Normally, following type of methods should be adopted to settle down the conflicts or disputes.

i. Collective Bargaining: When dispute takes a form of serious conflict there need to have proper
negotiation and process of settlement of the dispute. First party employer and next party
employee manage to have dialogue to search the possible solutions. The representative(s) of
employees and employer(s) sit together then try find out common understanding and solutions of
the conflict. What is internal law, rules and systems of work and recruitment, terms and
conditions should be observed and try to bring satisfactory bottom line. If it is solved there, no
more conflict will be conducted by rebel group.

ii. Grievance Handling: Mostly, in any company employees have administered the complaint
against the management. In this stage, there is evaluation of level of victim and pain and how
much loss the complaining side has faced.

iii. Conciliation/ Mediation: When the dispute is not solved by above procedures, this technique
is adopted. Mostly, third partly mediation or conciliation is adopted here. The third party will
almost convince both groups to come to the settlement of the conflict. Most of the disputes are
resolved here. In this process, the terms, facilities, salaries like aspects are reviewed to settle the
problem.
iv. Negotiation: This is the final stage of dispute settlement. It is also called procedure to solve
the problem. In this, the government body has taken responsibility to settle the issue. Sometimes,
the content of law has to be modified to settle this problem by the government body.

After the settlement of any dispute, there is very healthy and friendly working environment in the
company. Afterwards, the usual works are run smoothly and actively.

c. Write, giving reasons, what would you do in the following situation? You have a brilliant
idea which you tell your colleagues. One of these colleagues presents your idea to your boss
without acknowledging that it was you idea.

Ans: Do you feel happy when your friend is having full credit of your master plan? Nobody
becomes positive and satisfied in facing this sort of injustice. This is a good example of
plagiarism where full injustice in done upon the artist and master planner. Such cases are often
taken place in our life, too.

If one of my colleagues gets advantages of my brilliant idea sharing with the boss, I will feel
cheated and won’t remain silent. If I had this situation, I would try first to let know to my boss
that all that brilliant vision was mine not of my friend. Then, my friend will have negative
remarks from my boss and I will get real credit of my noble effort. If my friend forgot our
relationship still unwilling to confess his mistakes in front of the boss, I would use another
strategy to solve this problem. In this case, I would present myself with my boss calmly letting
him know that everything was my effort and my plan and my friend had taken benefit of
opportunity and still he had not got clear strategies of its execution.

I think at the implementation level and for the honesty sake, my boss would support my idea and
would provide actual credit of my concept. I would also perfect execution of the master plan and
being ever loyal with the institution. I think up to this level my problem would be solved
perfectly getting my credit and moral lesson to my selfish friend. Even then, in case, if the
problem was not settled down I wouldn’t go back from taking legal support unless I got real
compensation. The real feeling of one’s creation misuse and theft (plagiarism) is understood by
real artist not by plagiators. So, I will cut off my mutual relation with my selfish friend if he
doesn’t correct himself and reestablish our healthy relationship sooner.

OR,

Give instructions for someone who is going to look after your garden on your pet. The
instructions and explanations should be clear and simple, and they should take into
account different circumstances that might arise. Also write a suitable introduction and a
suitable conclusion.

Ans: Instructions for looking after my garden:

I am going to leave my garden letting you to look after it for a week. It is very creative and
dedicated task you are going to perform. To accomplish this work perfectly you must be well
familiar with some of the aspects and processes. So, please follow my guidelines minutely so
that it will be very easy job to you. Here are some instructions that will make you easier to look
after my garden. Follow them carefully:

– First, you have to consider the nature and location of my garden; it is in highly dry place.

– To start with, the indoor plants that ever need light and less water don’t water them frequently,
just only once a day.

– But, pay special attention to flowering plants which are bloomed, blooming and budding.
Water them at least three times a day.

– If you have completely paid attention about flowering plants, now turn goes to look after the
non-flowering plants. They need water not so frequently but in large quantity.

– At the same time, the tall and heavy plants need special support to firm them. Do this carefully.

– Now, care about nurseries where seeds are seeding and just planting. Water them with light
force of water otherwise they will be stuck with soil and will be damaged.

– Clay the soil almost 10 sacks per day to set up new five nursery.

– If any of the plants are broken, damaged and withered, remove them from rest of healthy plants
as soon as possible.

– One thing you shouldn’t forget working in garden is to keep the lights on and close the gate
when you depart.
Instructions for looking after my pet:

Looking after my pet is very easy but very cautious task. Please follow the following instructions
so that it will be easier to you to accomplish this job.

First, don’t open the gate before you are holding Jonny while taking it out for wander and toilet.
Then, place the food and water in the respective pots in appropriate amount. If it is less, Jonny
will cry and becomes abnormal. In every five hours’ interval place the food to it. Early morning,
feed it from the store with water. After that put one pack of meat kept in fridge at noon. Do not
forget to place the water with it. By the evening, again, put some quantity of food as you did in
the morning. One thing you never forget is to take the dog out twice a day: in the morning 25
minutes and in the compound. Before you depart, turn on the kennel’s light and lock the door
properly. Don’t forget to lock the main entrance of the house properly. Take the keys along with
you.
If you follow above mentioned some procedures, I think you will accomplish your work well.

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2. Answer any FIVE of the following. [10 marks]

a. Write about a supermarket that you know well. Include some facts about the company,
and details of any recent trends and changes.

Ans: Gauntamshree Supermarket

There are different types of business houses under working in Nepal. The concept of
supermarket is lately established and widespread phenomena. It has become a fashion for public
to visit to supermarkets and make desired shopping under the same roof. Among a host of such
business complexes, Gautamshree Supermarket is one of the uprising business centers which was
established in 2070 BS.

The owner of the business is Ram Prasad Gautam, a distinct personality having vision to bring
changes in farming and business in the context of Nepal. The major services provided through
this zone are vegetables items, fruits, footwears and clothes, foods and dairy items, and many
more. Located at the very prime junction Kuleshwor, Kathmandu it has run its services in its own
business complex. Basically, organic farming and its products are major concerns of the
promoter.

To operate the business, the employer has recruited more than 200 employees. The most
important aspect of this selling center is that all the grocery items are the products of its own
organic farming. To run smooth and systematic business there is own finance and hardware
department, too. To employ as many people and provide maximum services to public, to stop
them from sending their money into foreign land, it has own production and selling point.

Any consumer can purchase desired items with billing system in hospitable manner. There are a
convenient parking system, assisted cafeteria and separate place for rest. People are very much
lolling to have fresh dairy products with unique tastes and flavors.

Lately, there is even CCTV surveillance to monitor what is happening under the business
sections. There are two more billing counters added to provide faster and smooth services. It has
also been facilitated to have updated publicity with its own media section. There are applied
enough security personnel and technology. Some of the daily used items are comparatively
cheaper so every time there is crowd of customers.
By looking all the processes, visions and systematic planning, it is sure and certain that
Gautamshree will do a lot and establish itself as one of the branded and popular supermarkets in
few years to come.

b. Rewrite these sentences to make them more concise.

i. It is necessary that you take every precaution when preparing to bungee jumping.

ii. And examination of the accident area was made by the police.

iii. It is not impossible that he could have done it.

iv. Helping the reader to understand what has been written is basically pretty important.

v. Achieving a high level of precision when writing is a skill that takes time to acquire.

Ans: i. Take care when preparing to bungee jump.

ii. The police examined the accident area.

iii. He could have done it.

iv. Helping the reader to understand is important.

v. Writing precisely takes time.

c. How far do differences in behavior relate to national characteristics?

Ans: Relationship between behavioral differences and national characteristics

I think there should be similar attitude of people towards their nation and citizens. This is called
a sense of nationality. All should be dedicated to sacrifice for the sake of nation. In this case the
nation becomes ideal and it reflects a true national characteristics.

Each individual is naturally different in their behaviors and activities. This individual difference
is one aspect but there should be a proper concept of national integrity and universal
brotherhood. We normally proudly introduce ourselves as Nepali since our Nepalese culture,
honesty, and generous hearts show the loyalty and true humanity in the international scenarios.

There are a number of ways to respect our elders. Some bow down their head, some say
Namaste, other bow down on someone’s feet, but there lies a true sense of respect. We adopt our
own types of religions, but if any Nepali is killed and misbehaved, we feel sorry with a feeling of
nationality. Let’s take the scenario of natural calamity took place in 2015 (2072 BS) in Nepal as
Earthquake that damaged billion dollars of property and hundreds and thousands of families. In
such national pathetic situation, most of Nepalese people appeared cooperative, understandable
and sharing and caring to each others. Though some rouges tried to get benefits of this period but
the majority of people were wailing for national problem and taking challenge and helping each
other from home and abroad.

Unfortunately, policital leaders in Nepal have told lies and frequently deceived to humble
people. This is why there is no peace and stability in the country. Again, there are varieties in our
respective relations and in our understandings. Sometimes, we characterize our nation as unity in
diversity with integrity and multiple races, classes and groups. This is special characteristics of
Nepal and Nepalese people.

Most importantly, some behaviors of our forefathers and leaders or heroes we have established a
distinct national characteristics. Our golden past or history has ever highlighted our unity in
differences. This invaluable cultural heritage must be maintained and promoted by all Nepalese
people. From an individual manner to socio-cultural patterns, differences in behaviors reflect to
national characteristics in the context of Nepal.

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d. Write a letter to your friend explaining why you and your family cannot accept an
invitation.

Ans: Kuleshowr, Kathmandu, June 18, 2018

Dear Sarita,

Thank you for your letter. It was my pleasure getting humble invitation to attend your daughter’s
wedding. But it is sad to mention that time will not favor us to attend the ceremony though we
are dying to do.

Firstly, February 16th is very tight schedule in my office. We have to handle Annual General
Meeting (AGM) of our office on the very day. If myself is absent in the program, I think, it
would be bad reputation. This doesn’t mean that Gita’s wedding is less significant. Still, I have
to go to India during 13th and 14th of February. I could be present before wedding ceremony so
that I could assist anyway.
Sorry to mention you that I am no longer be able to present in that sacret program. I tried my best
to manage if I could get a chance to come there but there remained no way. Don’t take otherwise
sacred. Even in my absence I will manage to send my spouse in the function. I think, our family
bond and relation will not be affected in my absence in the marriage.

Anyway, arrange well and conduct better for the sweet daughter’s matrimonial bond. Convey my
congratulations to her for the bright and joyful conjugal life after wedding.

I hope you will have a grand function there.

Best regards,

Viral Harry

e. Write a paragraph on how to make coffee or tea.

Ans: Making coffee

When making coffee always use pure drinking water. take a coffee pot and place it on the gas
stove. Be sure that you have collected all the ingredients required for making coffee. Then light
on the gas stove and pour required water into it. When it is about to boil add some sugar. If it is
milk coffee, add some required amount of milk too. After that, let it be boiled for a while. Until
then set a glass into which you will place your coffee. Either you put some coffee onto the
bottom of the cup or the glass and pour prepared liquid over it or coffee dust can be put
afterwards. Now you can have nice sip of your hot coffee.

OR, Making tea

Preparing a cup of tea is not a difficult task. To start with collect all required ingredients. Then,
light the gas stove. Now, put a tea pot on it. Pour a glass of water or as much quantity for
required. Let it be boiled. After that add some sugar along with tea dust if it is black tea, it is
almost done when it is boiled and filtered. Add some tea spices for better flavor. At the same
time if it is milk tea add some required amount of milk. Let it be boiled. Finally, when it is boiled
filter the substance into the cup. Take the sip of hot tea.

f. Write a memo to all the staff of a large company, suggesting ways of economizing on the
use of paper and electricity in the office.

Ans: PANCHAKANYA STEEL PVT. LTD Memo

To: All Staff From: Managing Director Date: 03.03.18

All of we know that there is huge increase in the cost of paper and stationery materials. It seems
very sensible matter to keep balance or careful use of paper, electricity, etc. to maintain the daily
expenses of the company normal. Otherwise, we will be compelled to cut down the staff to
maintain the office.

We have seen a large quantity of paper get washed in not having proper print. If any defect is
there in machines, we must maintain them at the earliest. Otherwise, such huge waste of paper is
the loss of money. Again, the electricity which is highly used fuel in our company should be
sensibly used. If the factory machines are run for 5 minutes without functions, it will cost
thousand rupees. We must consider this aspect sincerely.

All the machinery items like computers, printers, monitors, zerox, etc. should be off before going
to lunch or other breaks. Sometime some content can be printed on both sides of A4 papers that
normally seems to be used singly. We have also discussed in the management about how to
reduce its operation cost.

Basically, in winter season using heaters at maximum quantities causes high monthly cost. We
have decided to provide some warm internal use sandal and cover clothe during the winter that
will to some extent reduce some cost. To run the company smoothly is all’s responsibility. So we
request all staff to have keen watch at the overuse and wastes properly.

3. Answer any TEN of the following:

a. Complete the sentences:

i. If it hadn’t rained, more people …….

ii. If you work hard, you will …… a promotion.

Ans: i. If it hadn’t rained, more people would have attended in the programme.

iii. If you work hard, you will get a promotion.

b. Write two sentences expressing appreciation.

Ans: i. I just wanted to thank you for all your hard work.

ii. I really appreciate what you did to make the program successful.

c. Complete the sentences using appropriate linking words:

i. You could pay by direct debit. …… the payment can be made be made by cash.
ii. It is six week since we put in our order. … we receive the goods by the end of this week, we
will be forced to cancel.

Ans: i. You could pay by direct debit. Alternatively, the payment can be made by cash.

iii. It is six weeks since we put in our order. Unless we receive the goods by the end of this week,
we will be forced to cancel.

d. Complete the sentences with one of the words in brackets:

i. Could you tell me how to get to your office? (actually, possibly)

ii. I wanted to ask you a couple of things. (just, possibly)

Ans: i. Could you possibly tell me how to get to your office?

iii. I just wanted to ask you a couple of things.

e. Match the words brand and image with the definitions below:

i. A type of product or groups of products sold using a particular name, which is often the name
of the company that produces them.

ii. The impression that a person, an organization, or a product, etc. gives to other people or to the
public.

Ans: i. brand

iii. image

f. Decide which countries you are going to be visiting and write down the itinerary/
schedule for the week.

Ans: I have decided to visit Dubai and Australia for the musical programmes. I along with the
musical band and guest musicians have decided to attend for one week’s event. The itinerary of
the week is mentioned below:

Itinerary: Artist Group Goes to Dubai and Australia

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g. change the following into reported speech:

‘You walk straight down this road until you get to a big church on the left,’ said Angela. ‘Then
you turn right, walk along for about a hundred yards, and you’ll see the post office on the left.’

Ans: Angela explained (to me) how to get to the post office.

h. Put in an apostrophe where one is necessary in the following sentences:

i. Johns brothers wife went to the grocers for us.

ii. This car cant be my parents because theirs is quite old.

Ans: i. John’s brother’s wife went to the grocer’s for us.

ii. This car can’t be my parents because theirs is quite old.

i. Put an appropriate word or phrase in the following sentences to bring out the
relationship between the parts:

i. Late at night buses and trains can be dangerous ……, if you want to avoid trouble, take a taxi.
ii. The tour will include visits to several places of interest, ……, the Patan Museum and the
Krishna Temple.

Ans: i. Late at night buses and trains can be dangerous. In other words, if you want to avoid
trouble, take a taxi.

ii. The tour will include visits to several places of interest, for instance/ for example, the Patan
Museum and the Krishna Temple.

j. Put the following sentences n the right order:

i. To start with, make sure that everything is switched off.

ii. It is also a good idea at this point to check that the gas cylinder isn’t empty.

iii. Lighting a calor gas heater is easy and safe if you follow these simple instructions.

iv. Now, turn the tap on the top of the gas cylinder to ON.

Ans: iii. Lighting a calor gas heater is easy and safe if you follow these simple instructions.

i. To start with, make sure that everything is switched off.

ii. Lighting a calor gas heater is easy and safe if you follow these simple instructions.

iv. Now, turn the tap on the top of the gas cylinder to ON.

k. Suggest suitable punctuation for the following sentences:

i. The garden was decorated with colored lamps the house itself was adorned with paper chains.

ii. They made two important decisions the oldest houses would be pulled down the more recent
ones would be repaired.

Ans: i. The garden was decorated with colored lamps; the house itself was adorned with paper
chains.

ii. They made two important decisions: the oldest houses would be pulled down the more recent
ones would be repaired.

l. Complete the following passage using the words and phrases given:
(1) …… the film we meet a young man who is obviously unhappy. We follow the man through
various experience which gradually change his picture of himself although (2) …… they do not
make him happier. But (3) ……, he meets a young girl, and he falls in love with her.
Unfortunately, I can’t tell you what happens right (4) …… because I fell asleep before it
finished.

(1) In the beginning of, First in, At the beginning of

(2) firstly, at the beginning, at first

(3) at the end, lastly, at last

(4) at last, finally, at the end

Ans: 1. At the beginning

2. at first

3. at last

4. at the end

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