ENVIRONMENT
Table of Contents
3.2.3. Cheetah Reintroduction Project _______ 22
1. CLIMATE CHANGE __________________ 3 3.2.4. Elephant Conservation _______________ 23
1.1. Global Scenario ____________________ 3 [Link]. Gaj Yatra ______________________ 23
1.1.1. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate [Link]. New Elephant Reserve ___________ 23
Change Report ___________________________ 3 3.2.5. Asian Rhinos _______________________ 23
1.1.2. Effects of Climate Change on the Ocean _ 3 3.2.6. Great Indian Bustard ________________ 24
1.1.3. Dead-Zone _________________________ 4 3.2.7. Gangetic Dolphin ___________________ 25
3.2.8. Banni Grassland ____________________ 25
1.2. Mitigation Measures ________________ 4
1.2.1. Land Degradation Neutrality __________ 4 3.3. Conservation Measures_____________ 29
1.2.2. Climate Engineering _________________ 5 3.3.1. Measuring Natural Capital ____________ 29
3.3.2. Legal Entity Status for All Animals ______ 29
1.3. International Cooperation ___________ 6 3.3.3. Access and Benefit Sharing ___________ 30
1.3.1. Global Environment Facility (GEF) ______ 6 3.3.4. National REDD+ Strategy _____________ 30
1.3.2. Katowice COP 24 ____________________ 6 3.3.5. Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers’
1.3.3. Suva Expert Dialogue on Loss and Damage 7 Rights (PPV&FR) Act, 2001 _________________ 31
1.3.4. Montreal Protocol Assessment ________ 8 3.3.6. Recovery Programme for Wildlife Species 31
3.3.7. Conservation of Migratory Birds and Their
2. POLLUTION _______________________ 9 Habitats _______________________________ 32
2.1. Air Pollution_______________________ 9 3.3.8. Community Forest Resource __________ 32
2.1.1. Black Carbon _______________________ 9 3.3.9. ‘Cultural Model’ of Conservation ______ 33
2.1.2. Petcoke ___________________________ 9 3.3.10. Khangchendzonga Biosphere Reserve _ 33
2.1.3. GHG Emission from Shipping Industry __ 10 3.3.11. Indian Sundarbans- A Wetland of
2.1.4. National Clean Air Programme ________ 10 International Importance__________________ 34
2.1.5. Clean Air- India Initiative_____________ 12 3.3.12. India Biodiversity Awards, 2018 ______ 34
2.1.6. Other Air Pollution Initiatives in News __ 12 3.3.13. Kaziranga National Park _____________ 35
[Link]. System of Air Quality and Weather 3.3.14. Ecotourism Policy __________________ 35
Forecasting And Research (SAFAR) ________ 12
4. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT _______ 36
[Link]. National Air Quality Index ________ 12
[Link]. Comprehensive Environmental 4.1. Non-Conventional Sources of Energy __ 36
Pollution Index (CEPI) __________________ 12 4.1.1. National Policy on Biofuels-2018_______ 36
[Link]. WAYU (Wind Augmentation Purifying 4.1.2. Pradhan Mantri Ji-Van (Jaiv Indhan-
Unit) ________________________________ 12 Vatavaran Anukool Fasal Awashesh Nivaran)
[Link]. Environment Pollution (Prevention and Yojana _________________________________ 37
Control) Authority (EPCA) _______________ 12 4.1.3. Scheme for Biomass Based Cogeneration
Projects ________________________________ 37
2.2. Water Pollution ___________________ 13
4.1.4. Off-Shore Wind Power _______________ 38
2.2.1. Toxicity in Indian Rivers _____________ 13
4.1.5. Global Solar Council _________________ 38
2.2.2. Composite Water Management Index __ 13
4.1.6. Waste to Energy Plants ______________ 39
2.2.3. Guidelines for Groundwater extraction _ 14
2.2.4. National Water Informatics Centre ____ 15 4.2. Electric Vehicles ___________________ 39
2.2.5 Rainwater Harvesting in Metropolitan Cities16 4.2.1. Charging Infrastructure Guidelines _____ 40
2.3. Nitrogen Pollution _________________ 16 4.3. River Basin Management ___________ 40
4.3.1. Minimum River Flow for Ganga ________ 40
2.4. Plastic Pollution ___________________ 17
4.3.2. Ganga Vriksharopan Abhiyan _________ 41
2.5. Blue Flag Certification ______________ 18 4.3.3. Ganga Praharis (Guardians of The Ganga) 42
2.6. Pesticides Ban ____________________ 19 4.4. Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) Notification
2018________________________________ 42
3. BIODIVERSITY_____________________ 20
4.5. Earmarking Eco-Sensitive Area _______ 43
3.1. Convention on Biological Diversity ____ 20
4.6. Green Bonds _____________________ 44
3.2. Flora & Fauna ____________________ 21 4.6.1. Sovereign Blue Bond ________________ 44
3.2.1. Asiatic Lion Conservation Project ______ 21
3.2.2. Tiger Conservation _________________ 22
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4.7. State Energy Efficiency Preparedness 5.12. Titli Cyclone ‘Rarest of Rare’ ________ 52
Index 2018 __________________________ 44
6. GEOGRAPHY _____________________ 53
4.8. Parivesh _________________________ 45
6.1. India’s 1st Soil Moisture Map ________ 53
4.9. National Compensatory Afforestation
6.2. Hindu Kush Himalaya Assessment Report53
Fund Management and Planning Authority
(NCAFMPA) __________________________ 45 6.3. Kelp Forests ______________________ 54
5. DISASTER MANAGEMENT ___________ 47 6.4. Polar Vortex ______________________ 55
5.1. National Disaster Risk Index _________ 47 6.5. Ensemble Prediction Systems (EPS) ___ 56
5.2. State Disaster Response Fund (SDRF)__ 47 6.6. Deep Ocean Mission _______________ 56
5.3. Repeated Earthquakes in Palghar_____ 47 6.7. Meghalayan Age __________________ 56
5.4. Drought Declaration in India ________ 48 7. MISCELLANEOUS TIT BITS ___________ 58
7.1. South Asia Wildlife Enforcement Network
5.5. Rat-Hole Mining __________________ 49 (SAWEN) _______________________________ 58
5.6. Kerala Flood ______________________ 49 7.2. STAPCOR-2018 ______________________ 58
7.3. Wildlife Crime Control Bureau (WCCB) ___ 58
5.7. Glacial Lakes Outburst Floods ________ 49 7.4. International Whaling Commission ______ 58
5.8. Landslide Warning System __________ 50 7.5. Asian Waterbird Census, 2019 __________ 58
7.6. Green Agriculture (Green-Ag) Project ____ 58
5.9. ACROSS Scheme __________________ 50 7.7. Green Skill Development Programme (GSDP)59
7.8. Iran Sees ‘Revival’ of Lake Urmia ________ 59
5.10. Large Forest Fire Monitoring Programme51
7.9. Other Short News ____________________ 59
5.11. Indian Ocean Wave Exercise 2018 7.10. Report and Indices __________________ 60
(IOWave18)__________________________ 51
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1. CLIMATE CHANGE __________________ 3 [Link]. Amrabad Tiger Reserve, Telangana _ 33
1.1. Global Scenario ____________________ 3 [Link]. Pakke or Pakhui Tiger Reserve,
1.1.1. Emissions Gap Report ________________ 3 Arunachal Pradesh _____________________ 33
1.1.2. WMO Statement on the State of the Global 3.1.3. Snow Leopard______________________ 33
Climate in 2019 __________________________ 4 3.1.4. Cheetah __________________________ 34
1.1.3. IPCC Reports _______________________ 4 3.1.5. Great One-horned Rhinoceros (Indian
1.1.4. Ocean Deoxygenation ________________ 6 Rhino) _________________________________ 35
1.1.5. Climate Change Performance Index -2020 8 3.1.6. Great Indian Bustard ________________ 35
1.1.6. Environmental Migration _____________ 8 3.1.7. Olive Ridley Turtles _________________ 36
1.1.7. Carbon Pricing ______________________ 9 3.1.8. Draft Visionary Perspective Plan to Conserve
1.2. Conventions and Other Initiatives ____ 10 Birds __________________________________ 36
1.2.1. UN Conventions ___________________ 10 3.1.9. Migratory Birds Die in Sambhar Lake ___ 37
[Link]. COP 25 _______________________ 10 3.1.10. Not All Animals Migrate by Choice
[Link]. Carbon Markets ________________ 11 Campaign ______________________________ 37
[Link]. Montreal Protocol ______________ 12 3.1.11. Convention on the Conservation of
1.2.2. Other Global initiatives ______________ 13 Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS) or Bonn
Convention _____________________________ 38
2. POLLUTION ______________________ 16 3.1.12. Protected Areas ___________________ 39
2.1. Air Pollution______________________ 16 3.1.13. Tiger Reserves, Wildlife Sanctuary in News
2.1.1. Delhi Air Pollution __________________ 16 ______________________________________ 40
2.1.2. Agriculture Residue Burning – A Major 3.1.14. Other Fauna & Flora in news _________ 41
Concern _______________________________ 17 3.1.15. Critically Endangered Species in India __ 45
2.1.3. Green Crackers ____________________ 18 3.2. Forests __________________________ 45
2.1.4. Taj Trapezium Zone (TTZ) ____________ 18 3.2.1. India State of Forests Report 2019 _____ 45
2.1.5. Ozone Pollution ____________________ 18 3.2.2. Deemed Forest _____________________ 48
2.1.6. Sulphur Dioxide Emissions ___________ 19 3.2.3. Forest Landscape Restoration (FLR) ____ 48
2.1.7. Scientific Disposal and Utilization of Fly Ash 3.2.4. Forest-PLUS 2.0 ____________________ 49
______________________________________ 19 3.2.5. Mobile App M-Hariyali _______________ 50
2.1.8. Corporate Average Fuel Efficiency/Economy
3.3. United Nations Convention to Combat
Regulation _____________________________ 20
2.1.9. COP to Basel, Rotterdam and Stockholm
Desertification (UNCCD) ________________ 50
Conventions ____________________________ 20 3.3.1. Soil Organic Carbon _________________ 52
2.2. Water Pollution ___________________ 22 3.4. Ecosystem and Green Economy ______ 52
2.2.1. Arsenic Contamination in Groundwater 22 3.4.1. Payment for Ecosystem Services _______ 52
3.4.2. Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity
2.3. Water Conservation _______________ 23
and Ecosystem Services ___________________ 53
2.3.1. Current status of needs and utilization _ 23
3.4.3. Green Economy ____________________ 54
2.3.2. Jal Shakti Abhiyan __________________ 23
3.4.4. Global Futures Report _______________ 55
2.3.3. Jal Jeevan Mission __________________ 24
[Link]. Pricing of Water in India _________ 25
3.5. Lakes, Wetlands and Coastal Areas ___ 55
2.3.4. Composite Water Management Index __ 26 3.5.1. Environmental and Social Management
2.3.5. Atal Bhujal Yojana __________________ 27 Framework _____________________________ 55
2.3.6. National Water Mission Award _______ 27 3.5.2. Coral Restoration ___________________ 55
2.3.7. E-Flow Norms for River Ganga ________ 27 3.5.3. 10 New Ramsar Sites in India _________ 57
3.5.4. Guidelines for Implementing Wetlands
2.4. Soil Pollution _____________________ 28
(Conservation and Management) Rules, 2017 _ 58
2.4.1. Bioremediation and Biomining ________ 28
3.5.5. Gogabeel _________________________ 60
2.5. Miscelleneous ____________________ 29 3.5.6. CRZ rules eased\ for ‘Blue Flag’ beaches 60
2.5.1. Single Use plastic ___________________ 29
3.7. Miscellaneous ____________________ 60
2.5.2. India’s First E-Waste Clinic ___________ 30
3.7.1. Locust Attack ______________________ 60
2.5.3. 2019 Pollution and Health Metrics _____ 31
3.7.2. International Seed Treaty ____________ 61
3. BIODIVERSITY_____________________ 32 3.7.3. Asia’s Oldest Bamboo Found in India ___ 62
3.1. Wildlife and Conservation __________ 32 3.7.4. Parthenogenesis____________________ 62
3.1.1. All India Tiger Estimate-2018 _________ 32 4. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT _______ 63
3.1.2. Tiger Reserves in news ______________ 33
4.1. World Energy Outlook (WEO), 2019 ___ 63
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4.2. Alternative Energy Resources ________ 63 6. GEOGRAPHY _____________________ 74
4.2.1. Bio Jet Fuel _______________________ 63 6.1. Cyclone Fani ______________________ 74
4.2.2. Ocean Energy _____________________ 64 6.2. Simultaneous Cyclones in Arabian Sea _ 75
4.2.3. Coal Gasification Based Fertiliser Plant _ 65 6.3. Delay in Monsoon _________________ 75
4.3. Energy Efficiency __________________ 65 6.3.1. New Monsoon Dates ________________ 77
4.3.1. State Energy Efficiency Preparedness Index 6.4. Atlantic Meridional Overturning
2019 __________________________________ 65
Circulation (AMOC) ____________________ 77
4.4. KUSUM__________________________ 66
6.5. Anthropocene Epoch _______________ 78
4.5. Enforcement & Monitoring Guidelines for
6.6. Deep Ocean Mission _______________ 78
Sand Mining _________________________ 67
6.7. INCOIS Launches Services for Marine-
4.6. The World of Organic Agriculture: Statistics
Based Users__________________________ 79
& Emerging Trends 2020 _______________ 68
6.8. Indian Scientific Expedition to the
4.7. Sustainable Livelihoods and Adaptation to
Southern Ocean 2020 __________________ 79
Climate Change_______________________ 69
6.9. MOSAiC Expedition ________________ 80
4.8. Miscellaneous ____________________ 69
6.10. Miscellaneous ___________________ 80
5. DISASTER MANAGEMENT ___________ 70 6.10.1. Mount Etna & Mount Sinabung Eruptions
5.1. Global Assessment Report (GAR) _____ 70 ______________________________________ 80
5.2. National Landslide Risk Management 6.10.2. Sargasso sea ______________________ 80
Strategy_____________________________ 71 6.10.3. Northern European Enclosure Dam (NEED)
5.3. National Guidelines for Preparation of ______________________________________ 81
Action Plan - Prevention and Management of 6.10.4. Anthropogenic Mineral _____________ 81
Heat Wave __________________________ 71 6.11. Other Places in News______________ 81
5.4. Room of The River Project __________ 72
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1. CLIMATE CHANGE __________________ 3 3.2.3. Status of Leopards in India, 2018 ______ 40
1.1. Global Scenario ____________________ 3 3.2.4. Snow Leopard _____________________ 41
1.1.1. Emissions Gap Report 2020 ____________ 3 3.2.5. Asiatic Lions _______________________ 42
1.1.2. Adaptation Gap Report, 2020 __________ 4 3.2.6. African Cheetah re-introduction _______ 43
1.1.3. Climate Change Performance Index (CCPI) 6 3.2.7. Vulture Action Plan 2020-25 __________ 43
1.1.4. State of the Global Climate report ______ 7 3.2.8. Great Indian Bustard (GIB) ___________ 44
1.1.5. Assessment of Climate Change over the 3.2.9. India’s First Dolphin Observatory ______ 44
Indian Region ____________________________ 7 3.2.10. Fishing Cat _______________________ 45
1.1.6. Global Carbon Project (GCP) Reports ____ 8 3.2.11. Lichens __________________________ 46
[Link]. Global Methane Budget (GMB) _____ 8 3.2.12. Ecologically Sensitive Area (ESA) ______ 46
[Link]. Global Nitrous Oxide (N2O) Budget __ 9 3.2.13. Dehing Patkai _____________________ 47
1.1.7. Loss of Ice Cover in the Arctic Sea ______ 10 3.2.14. Panna Tiger Reserve _______________ 48
1.1.8. Sea Level Rise______________________ 11 3.2.15. New Rules to Regulate Exotic Animal Trade
1.1.9. Aerosol Radiative Forcings ___________ 12 ______________________________________ 49
1.2. Global Conventions and Initiatives ____ 12 3.2.16. Central Zoo Authority ______________ 50
1.2.1. COP 26 ___________________________ 12 3.2.17. Management Effectiveness Evaluation
1.2.2. International Solar Alliance (ISA) _______ 14 (MEE) report ___________________________ 51
1.2.3. Climate Adaptation and Resilience for South 3.2.18. Other Protected Areas in News _______ 53
Asia (CARE) Project ______________________ 15 3.2.19. Flora and Fauna in news ____________ 55
1.3. Mitigation Measures _______________ 16 3.3. Forests __________________________ 60
3.3.1. State of the World’s Forests Report 2020 60
1.3.1. Carbon Capture, Utilisation & Storage
(CCUS) ________________________________ 16 3.3.2. Nagar Van Scheme __________________ 61
1.3.2. Decarbonising Transport _____________ 17 3.3.3. Community Forest Rights ____________ 62
1.3.3. Carbon Pricing _____________________ 18 3.3.4. Deforestation Hotspots ______________ 63
1.3.4. Carbon Trading ____________________ 19 3.4. Lakes, Wetlands and Coastlands _____ 63
1.3.5. Green-Ag Project ___________________ 19 3.4.1. Ramsar Sites_______________________ 63
3.4.2. Sukhna Lake Declared as Wetland _____ 67
2. POLLUTION _______________________ 21
3.4.3. Mangrove Ecosystem _______________ 67
2.1. Air Pollution ______________________ 21 3.4.4. Peatlands _________________________ 69
2.1.1. Stubble Burning ____________________ 21 3.4.5. Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) _______ 70
2.1.2. National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) __ 22 3.4.6. Blue Flag __________________________ 70
2.1.3. Emission Norms for Thermal Power Plants
3.5. Miscellaneous ____________________ 71
______________________________________ 23
3.5.1. Sixth Mass Extinction ________________ 71
2.1.4. Ammonia Pollution _________________ 24
3.5.2. Locust Attack ______________________ 72
2.1.5. Indoor Air Pollution _________________ 25
3.5.3. UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration __ 74
2.2. Water Pollution and Conservation ____ 26 3.5.4. The Living Planet Report 2020 (LPR) ____ 74
2.2.1. Marine Plastic Pollution______________ 26 3.5.5. Disengaging Premier Green Institutions _ 75
2.2.2. Groundwater Extraction _____________ 27
2.2.3. Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) ___________ 28
4. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT _______ 77
2.3. Solid Waste ______________________ 29 4.1. Draft Environment Impact Assessment
2.3.1. Plastic Waste ______________________ 29 (EIA), 2020 ___________________________ 77
2.3.2. Biomedical Waste __________________ 30 4.2. National Green Tribunal (NGT) _______ 78
2.3.3. Global E-waste Monitor 2020 _________ 31 4.3. Sustainable Ocean Economy for 2050
2.3.4. Sustainable Processing of Municipal Solid Report ______________________________ 80
Waste _________________________________ 32 4.4. Alternative Fuels and Energy Resources 80
2.4. Stockholm Convention _____________ 33 4.4.1. Solar Energy _______________________ 80
2.5. Environmental Performance Index (EPI) 34 4.4.2. One Sun One World One Grid _________ 81
3. BIODIVERSITY _____________________ 35 4.4.3. Hydrogen Based Energy ______________ 82
3.1. Super Year for Biodiversity __________ 35 4.4.4. Gas-Based Economy ________________ 83
4.4.5. Hybrid Renewable Energy ____________ 85
3.2. Wildlife and Conservation ___________ 37
4.4.6. Green Market _____________________ 86
3.2.1. International Union for Conservation of
4.4.7. Fostering Effective Energy Transition Report
Nature (IUCN) red list ____________________ 37
______________________________________ 87
3.2.2. Tiger Status Report 2018 _____________ 38
4.5. Electric Vehicles ___________________ 87
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4.6. Sustainable Agriculture _____________ 88 5.9. Coalition for Disaster Resilient
4.6.1. Organic Farming ___________________ 88 Infrastructure (CDRI) _________________ 101
4.6.2. Zero-Budget Natural Farming (ZBNF) ___ 89 6. GEOGRAPHY ____________________ 102
4.6.3. Aquaponics _______________________ 90 6.1. Agrometeorology in India __________ 102
4.7. Sustainable Habitat ________________ 90 6.2. Boreal Summer Intra Seasonal Oscillation
4.7.1. Climate Smart Cities Assessment Framework
___________________________________ 102
(CSCAF 2.0)_____________________________ 90
4.7.2. Green Buildings ____________________ 91 6.3. La Niña _________________________ 103
6.4. Medicanes ______________________ 104
5. DISASTER MANAGEMENT ___________ 93
6.5. Multidisciplinary Drifting Observatory for
5.1. Gas Leak at Vizag __________________ 93
the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) ____ 105
5.2. Cyclone Warning System ____________ 94
6.6. Cyclone Amphan _________________ 106
5.3. IFLOWS-Mumbai __________________ 95
6.7. Digital Ocean ____________________ 107
5.4. Flash droughts ____________________ 96
6.8. Seabed 2030 project ______________ 108
5.5. Glacial Lakes Outburst Floods (GLOFs) _ 97
6.9. South Atlantic Anomaly ___________ 108
5.6. Landslides ________________________ 98
6.10. Earth’s Magnetosphere ___________ 109
5.7. Forest Fires _______________________ 99
6.11. Earth’s Inner Core _______________ 109
5.8. Heat Waves _____________________ 100
6.12. Mount Everest Grows to New Height 110
6.13. Places in News __________________ 111
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