Lc = 15D = 15 x 0.46 = 6.

9 m

q' = 6.9 x 18.6 = 128.34 kN/m2

20 - 6.9 =13.1 m

q' = 128.34 kN/m2

460 mm

460 mm

Ultimate capacity,

̅̅̅ ( )

Given values,
L = 20 m
B = L = 460 mm = 0.46 m
= 300, γ = 18.6 kN/m3 and = 420, γ = 18.5 kN/m3
For, = 420,

Point resistance,

Limiting value,
= (0.5 x 0.46 x 0.46 x 100 x 525 x tan 420)
14257.3

The point load, = Qp =

Problem 9.2
0

6.9 m 6.9 x 18.6 = 128.34 kN/m2

20 - 6.9 = 13.1m

128.34 kN/m2

Given values,
L = 20 m
B=L 460 mm = 0.46 m
K = 1.5 and δ’ = 0.6 φ’ = 0.6 x 30 = 180

Critical length, Lc = 15D = 15 x 0.46 = 6.9 m

Side resistance,
̅̅̅

= {1.5 x ((0+128.34)/2)) x tan18 x 4 x 0.46 x 6.9} +{1.5 x ((128.34+128.34)/2) x tan18 x 4 x 0.46 x 13.1}
= 397.07 + 1507.71
= 1904.78 kN

Problem 9.3
Given, F.S. = 4
The ultimate load, Qu = Qp + Qs = 5001.3 + 1904.78 = 6906.08 kN
Allowable load, Qall = Qu/F.S. = 6906.08/4 = 1726.52 ~ 1726 kN
Problem 9.4

5.715 =3x15.7 = 47.1 kN/m2

= {(3 x 15.7) + (2.715 x (18.2 – 9.81)} = 69.88 kN/m2
0.285

= 69.88 kN/m2

Limiting value, Lc = 15D = 15 x 0.381 = 5.715 m

a. Point load, Qp = q’Nq*Ap = 69.88 x 346 x 3.1416 x (0.381/2)2 = 2756.57 kN

Limiting value = 0.5Pa Nq* Ap tnaφ’

= 0.5 x 100 x 346 x 3.1416 x (0.381/2)2 x tan40

= 1655 kN

Point load, Qp = 1655 kN

b. Side resistance,
δ’ = 0.6 x 32 = 19.2 and δ’ = 0.6 x 40 = 24
̅̅̅

= {1.4 x (47.1/2) x tan19.2 x 3.1416 x 0.381 x 3} +

{1.4 x ((47.1+69.88)/2) x tan19.2 x 3.1416 x 0.381 x 2.715} +

{1.4 x 69.88 x tan19.2 x 3.1416 x 0.381 x 0.285} +

{1.4 x 69.88 x tan24 x 3.1416 x 0.381 x 15} = 927.54 kN

c. allowable load, Qall

Qall = Qu/FS =(Qp + Qs)/FS = (1655 + 927.54)/4 = 645.64 kN

Solution:

Ultimate capacity, [cu/Pa = 1600/2000 = 0.8, α = 0.54]

Qu = Qp + Qs

cu=1600 lb/ft2 L = 50 ft
= cu Nc Ap + α ̅̅̅ As

= (1600 x 9 x 1.25 x 1.25) + (0.54 x 1600 x (4 x 1.25) x 50)

= 2,38,500 lb

Allowable capacity with F.S. = 3

Qall = Qu/F.S. = 238500/3 = 79,500 lb = 79.5 kip 15” = 1.25’

15” = 1.25’
 cu/Pa α
2
cu = 700 lb/ft 0.35 0.78
cu = 1500 lb/ft2 0.75 0.56

0.2 = 0.08 0.2 = 0.08

B = L = 16 inch = 1.33 ft
1 = 0.08/0.2 0ddd 1 = 0.08/0.2
Side resistance,
0.15 = (0.08*0.15)/.2 = 0.06 0.05 = (0.08*0.05)/.2 = 0.02
Qs = α ̅̅̅ As 0.75 = 0.62 – 0.06 = 0.56 0.75 = 0.54 + 0.02 = 0.56

= (0.78×700×4×1.33×20) + (0.56×1500×4×1.33×40)

= 237440 lb

= 237.4 kip

Point load,

Qp = cu Nc Ap

= 1500 × 9 × 1.33 × 1.33

= 23880.15 lb

= 23.88 kip
 Driven pile in layered soil

Given information,
cu = 60 kN/m2
cu = 100 kN/m2 kN/m3

6*18 = 108 kN/m2

cu/Pa = 60/100 = 0.6, α = 0.62
cu/Pa = 100/100 = 1, α = 0.48 138.57 kN/m2
kN/m3

Lc = 15D = 15×0.6 = 9 m 138.57 kN/m2

δ' = 0.65ϕ’ = 0.65×35 = 22.75

K = 1.5
Assume, F.S. = 4 kN/m3

138.57 kN/m2

Ultimate capacity,

Qu = Qp + Qs

Qu = cu Nc Ap + α ̅̅̅ A’s + K ̅̅̅ tanδ' As + K ̅̅̅ tanδ' As + α ̅̅̅ A’s

Qu = (100×9×3.1416× (0.3)2) + (0.62×60×3.1416×0.6×6) + (1.5× ((108+138.57)/2) ×tan22.75 ×3.1416 × 0.6

……×3) + (1.5×138.57×tan22.75×3.1416×0.6×3) + (0.48×100×3.1416×0.6×10)

Qu = 2760.97 kN

Allowable load,

Qall = Qu/FS = 2760.97/4 = 690.24 kN

Example (bored pile in sand)

A 15m long and 0.45m diameter concrete bored pile is installed in homogeneous medium sand layer shown
in figure below. Determine the allowable load capacity of the pile with the factor of safety of 3. Assume,
0.75 . Q
all

Given information,

L = 6.75m
L = 15 m

D = 0.45 m

F.S. = 3 6.75×18 =
121.5 kN/m2
ϕ' = 350 c' = 0

L = 15m
0

0.75 = 0.75×35 = 26.25 ϕ' = 35

3
γ = 18 kN/m
Reduced ϕ' = 350 = 350 - 30 = 320

L = 8.25m
So, Nq* = 81

Assume, K = 0.5 (0.3 ~ 0.75)

Limiting depth, Lc = 15D = 15×0.45 = 6.75 m

Ultimate load 121.5 kN/m2

Qu = Qp + Qs
D = 0.45 m
= q’Nq*Ap + K ̅̅̅ tanδ' As

= ((121.5 × 81 × 3.1416 × (0.452/4)) + (0.5×(121.5/2) ×tan26.25×3.1416×0.45×6.75) +

(0.5×121.5×tan26.25×3.1416×0.45×8.25)

= 2057.57 kN

Allowable load

Qall = Qu/F.S = 2057.57/3 = 685.86 kN

Example (bored pile in clay)
A 25m deep bored concrete pile has of diameter 0.40m installed in clay. The undrained cohesion of the soil
is 100kN/m2 along the shaft and 150kN/m2 below the tip. Determine the safe load with the factor of safety of
2.5. Assume, = 0.45. Q
all

Ultimate load,

= (150×9×3.1426×0.22) + (0.45×100×3.1416×0.4×22)

= 1413.72 kN
2
cu = 100 kN/m

Allowable load, L = 25m

Qall = Qu/F.S. = 1413.72/2.5 = 565.49 kN

2
cu = 150 kN/m

D = 0.40 m
 Bg

Given values
cu = 90 kN/m2
Lg
D= 316 mm = 0.316 m
d= 600 mm = 0.6 m
L= 20 m
F.S. = 3

Other information:
Nc = 9
cu/Pa = 0.9
α= 0.51
n= 9
Lg = (2*d)+D = 1.52 m
Bg = 1.52 m

L/Bg = 13.19
Lg/Bg = 1
Nc* = 9

i. Individual
Action
Qu = Qp +Qs = cu Nc Ap + α cu As
= (90×9×3.1416×(0.316/2)2) + (0.51×90×3.1416×0.316×20)
= 974.86 kN

nQu = 9×974.86 = 8773.78 kN

ii. Group Action

Qu(g) = Qp + Qs = (cu Nc* Ap) + (cu As) = (cu Nc* Lg * Bg) + (cu * 2(Lg+Bg) * L)

= (90×9×1.52×1.52) + (90×4×1.52×20)

= 12815.424 kN

iii. Ultimate capacity (minimum of individual action and group action)

Qu = 8773.78 kN

iv. Allowable capacity, Qall = Qu/F.S. = 8773.78/3 = 2924.6 kN

Step-1: vertical effective stress ( ) at the mid-depth of clay layer

Step-2: Induced stress ( ) at the md-depth of clay layer

Step-3: Computation of primary consolidation settlement ( )

Example: A group pile in clay is shown in figure. Determine the consolidation settlement of the group. All
clay layers are normally consolidated.

3.5 m

9m

12 m

First layer Bg
1. Vertical effective stress,

= (2 x 16.2) + 12.5 (18-9.81) = 134.78 kN/m2

Lg
2. Induced stress,

3. Primary consolidation settlement, Sc

Second layer

1. Vertical effective stress,

= (2 x 16.2) + 16 (18-9.81) + 2 (18.9 -9.81) = 181.62 kN/m2

2. Induced stress,

3. Primary consolidation settlement, Sc

Third layer

1. Vertical effective stress,

= (2 x 16.2) + 16 (18-9.81) + 4(18.9 -9.81) + 1(19-9.81) = 208.99 kN/m2

2. Induced stress,

3. Primary consolidation settlement, Sc

Total settlement =