REASONING CLASSIFICATION CLASSIFICATION means “to assort the items of a given, group on the basis of certain common quality they possess | and then spot the odd one out’. In this way, questions on Classification are not much different from those of the ques: tions on Analogy, The difference between these two types of questions lies only in the way of selecting the answer. In case of questions on Analogy you are required to select the ftem which bears similar relationship as that given in the question. But in the case of questions on Classification you are required to assort the items which have some cominon quality and then spet the one and only one item which lacks that common quality. Thus, in the éase of questions on Classification also you are required to determine diverse relationships which possibly can exist between various el- ements, things, phenomena, acts and terms. In this type of questions. you are provided with a group of four or five items, one of which shows different Property while the rest are related to one another in a certain way or they bear certain common characteristics. Your task Is to select the item which does not belong to the group of other items. In this context, its important to note that the candidates must know the types of similarities which possibly can exist among the given items. TYPE— 1 In the Type I we have included questions the English alphabet. In this type of questions, of letters are provided and you are requires group of letters as your answer in whi follow the same pattern as that of Broups of letters, The letters in a gro ‘on the basis, of relative distance betwee1 ‘n the English alphabel. In other words, skipped between the two number of letters 1s letters in the given group of eters. It by comprehend. Ing the examples ign bela: EEA, Four ol ig flve are allke in & certain way and wap. Which fa the one that does to that group ? (2) MK (3)DB KH (5) XV INew India Assurance AO Exam, 28.10.2008} rections (2-4) : In each of the following ‘questions, four groups of letters are given, Three of them. are alike in a certain way while one Is different. Choose the odd one. Bx.2. (1) YNHIA (2) SoRFL (3) ISEPU (4) FHUJU Ex.3. (1) PROUD (2) DRIVER (@) WHEAT (4) TRAWN Ex4. (1) JOT @) our @) TEN (4) DIN [Walted India Insurance AO Exam, 24.05,2008]' Ex.B. Four of the following five are alike in a certain way and so form a group. Which is the one that does not belong to that group ? (1) RPN @iwsu ()HDF (a) La (5) QMO. i (SBI Clerk Exam, 08.11.2009) Four of the following five are alike on the basis of thelr position in English alphabet. Which is the one that does not belong to the group? (RU (war (2) KNH () DGA (5) IF Four of the following five are alike in with regard (o Uheir position in. ‘Which one does not belong to ) WK (2) aBc (@ BFC 8) ‘Ex.8. Four of the followi ar@alike in respect to thelr position in alphabet and hence form a group, ‘does not belong to that oup? () cr, UxA (Rux LOR five are alike in a certain way ish alphabet, Which is the one that does not ig to the group? 1) KNR (2) apr (crs (a) HKO (©) Pw 10, Four of the following five are alike in a certain way ‘and hence form a group. Which is the one that does not belong the group ? Q).WHITE—-IWEHT (2) BLACK—ABKLC (9) TYPES—PISYE (4) BANKS—-NBSAK “(6 ABOUT—-OATUB Directions (11-18) : In cach of the*following questions, find the odd letters from the given alternatives. Ex.11.(1) SP Nt (zw (TQ Ex.12,(1) SORE @ Sonu (8) NORGAE (@)_MEJNIAS: [11 & 12 : SSC CGL Ther-1 Exam, 01.07.2012] |, Bx.23.(1) RIW @ gom (3) KG. (@) kM Ex.14.(1) EF 2) org (3) BCE (@). we Ex.15.(1) DH @) Fo (3) HK (4) PR 118 to 18 : SSC CGL Tier-I Exam, 08.07.2012] z.16.(1) BADC 2) xwey (3) vusT (@) NMPO Ex.17.(1) DCFG @) FHL (9) JILM (a) HGJL [16 & 17 : SSC CGL Tier-I Exam, 21.04.2013] Ex18.(1)Man=13114 @) Ram= 16113 (@) Jug= 10217 (4) Hub = 82110 *"[88C CGL Ther-TBzam, 19.05.2013]COMPETITIVE REASONING = EXPLANATIONS 1 @) v2: M—4 4k: D248; K—S4H; x2 2. (2) Except in letter group SGRFI, in all others there are at least two Vowels. (2) Except in the word DRIVER, in all other words there are five letters - two Vowels and thre.’ | Consonants, The word DRIVER contains four Consonants and two Vowels. 4. (2) Bxcept in the word OUT, In all others, there §9 only one Vowel. B. (1) R24 p24 w—t4s—25u n—tp—4 re pts o—tom—240 &OwSzStiktn Sn oSeSai3ise But. RSuso 7, (6) In all order groups the first letter ts @dd ‘[Link] tn the English alphabet: ole ib 1 28, 14k ape 616 17% 8 6 7 BFG @ yy oP @: ko: pSstw ASoS 20. (6) Except in option (6) in all other pairs of terms of following rule has been applied : First Part — Second Part Istletter > 2nd letter 2nd letter -» 4th letter Srd letter > Lotletter 4th letter > 5th letter Sth letter —> 3rd letter Option (6) First Past — Istletter > 2nd letter > ‘Sed letter —> 4th letter > ‘Sth letter > 11, @S—24P 12, (3) SORE > ROSE SOTLU = LOTUS ‘MEJNIAS = JASMINE Rose, Lotus and Jasmine Second Part 2nd letter ‘Sth letter Ist letter 4th letter Srd letter ers. NORGAE = ORANG! as. R 2 OF 2, 2 Oy 2. eae gil eB eo Tote go 16. (3) 17. (4) reozCOMPETITIVE REASONING ‘The position number of letters in the English alpha- bet. Ram bag 18 1 13 se Bee wee yee we wee TYPE — 0 In the type Il we have included such questions which contain some items having certain common property. In this type of questions you are required co find out the item which cannot be grouped with other items for the lack of ‘common property. Here it should ic noted that the same Mem can be grouped differently in the different context, ‘Therefore, the process of grouping depends much on the nature of the given items. Consider the following two ‘examples: Ex. Four of the following fve are alike in a certain way and hence form « group. Which ts the one that does ‘not belong to the group? (@) Earth (2) Satum (3)Moon, (4) Sun (S) Jupiter Ex.2. Four of the following five are alike in a and hence form a group. Which is the, not Lclong to the group? 2) Earth (2) Satu (4) Mars . Saturn and Jupier ive round the Sun whereas revolves round the planet, are planets and Moon Is a satellite, are given some more examples : of the following five are alike in a certain way and so form a group. Which Is the one that does ‘not belong to that group ? (1) Sweet (2) Cake (3)Pastry (4) Bread () Biscuit [RBI Grade ‘B' Officer Exam, 11.10.2008] Four of the following five are alike in a certain way and so form a group. Which is the one that does not belong to that group ? (1) Turmeric @} Gourd + (Carrot (6) Ginger Four of the following five are alike in a certain way and so form a group. Which is the one that does not belong to that group ? () Potato (0) Start (2) Shoe (4) Ring (5) Cobbler [4 & 5 : Punjab National Bank Clerk Exam, 20.09.2000) Ex.6. Select the oddman in the following group of four (Char words : (0) The Ramayana (2) The Mahabharata (8) TheGeeta (4) Godan IRRB Bhubaneswar ASM Exam, 30.08.2009] Four of the following fie are alike in a certain way ‘and so form a group. Which is the one that does not belong to that group ? (1) Magenta (2) Purple (4) Grey (9) Be }- Four of the following five are alike na and go form a group. Which is the not belong to that group ? (0) star (2) Flute (4) Santoor (5) Sarva, (Pink ‘thal [7 & 8 : SBI Specialist Four of the f and so form a 'E€am, 28.07.2009) ina certain way ich Is the one that does (3) Wheat (Earth 1, Four ofthe following five are alike ina certain way and sv form a group. Which is the one that does not belong to that group ? 1) Pen (@) Pencil (3}Notebook. (4) Sharpener (6) Student [10 & 12 : Bank of India Clerk Exam, 15.02.2000} 18x, 12, Four of the Tollowing five are alike in a certain way and hence form a group, Which is the one that does. not belong to the group? (1) Amety 2) Anger (@)Sorrow (a) Joy (9) Feel Bx.13, Four of the following five are alike In a certain way and so form a group. Which is the one that does not belong to that group? 2) Usten (2) Feet (4) Sing (5) Hear Bx.14, Four of the following five are alike in a certain way and eo form a group. Which Is the one that does (Think not belong to that group? ) Gold (2) Nickel (9) Platinum (4) Tungsten (4) Diamond [Corporation Bank PO Exam, 22.11.2009] Ex.15, Four of the following five are alike in a certain way and so form a group. Which Is the one that does ‘not belong to that group? (Q) Lon (2) Tiger (9) Leopard (4) Bear (4) Cheetah Bx.16. Four of the following five are alike in a certain way and hence form a group. Which is the one that does not belong to the group?“COMPETITIVE REASONING (1) Semtence (2) Paragraph (4) Word () Meaning Ex.17, Four of the following five are allke in a certain way and so form a group. Which one of the following (a)Letter does not belong to that group? (1) Pear (2) Mango (9 Orange (3) Apple (6) Radish Ex.18, Four of the following five are alike in a certain way. Which one is NOT like the other four? (i) umping —@) Running (3) Walking G) Exercising (5) Jogging Bx-19, Four of the following five are allke in a certain way and so form a group. Which is:the one that does not belong to that group? (1) Novel (2) Poetry (9)Druna (4) Literature (6) Story Bx.20. Four of the following five are alike in a certain way and so form a group. Which is the one that does not belong to that group? (1) Phosphorus (2) Potassiu @) Calcium (5) Magnesium Ex.21, Four of the following five are alike n a certain way and hence form a group. Which is the one that does rot belong to the group? (1) Jhumar (2) Susint (@) Ginad 15) Glddha_ Bx.22. Four of the following five are allke In a certain way and so form a group. Which-is the one that does (3) Nitrogen ()Chaket not belong tc the group? () Coat (2) Coke (Logs (@) Poet (6) Peat alternatives Bx.23. (1) Major (2) Cotonel (Brigadier (4) Admiral 2Bx.24.() Life insurance Corporation @) New india Assurance Directions (23-35) : In each of the foll questions, find out the edd word from. S (9) United india tns lad. (@) National Insura Ud, 26, ()) Hurdle (G) Barrier (obstacle Ex.26.(1) Mar Remedy (4) Mutilate Bx.27.(1) (2) Beethoven (4) Bach 7: $8C CCL, Tler-1 Exam, 01.07.2012] thology 2) Geology Cardiology (4) Radlology Ex.29.(1) Rivulet, {2) Stream (G) River (4) Pond x.90.(1) Konark (2) Madura (@) Ditwara (4) Btlora (ae to 30: 68¢ CGL Ter-1 Exam, 08.07.2012] x.91.(1) Shimla (2) Daxjeeting (3) Ooy (@) Aga Ex.92. (1) Foal @) Hen Lamb (8) Leveret [81.& 92 : 88C COL Tler-I Exam, 21.04.2013] x39. (1) Vedanthangal (2) Bandipur (3) Mudumalai (4) Thekakady Ex.94.(1) Internet Explorer(2) Chrome (8) Google (4) Firefox Ex.36. (1) Opponent (2) Adversary () Ally (4) Antagonist [83 to 35 : SSC COL Ter-1 Exam, 19.05.2013] EXPLANATIONS 3.(1) Except sweet, all others require baking to prepare ‘them. 4.(2) Except Gourd, all others are grown underground, Again, except Gourd, all others are modified roots or stems. '8.(5) Cobbler is a human being who mends sh all others are items used by human 6.(3) Except Godan, all others are holy. ‘Godan’ is a work of Premchand, 7,5) Blue colbur is a part of white 9} - 8.(2) Except Flute, all others,af® strigged instruments. Flute is a wind seep sn, xcept Mustard, =p Hd nile F Hi fre grains, Mustard is 10.8) ae Oy lothers are celestial bodies. 11.6) ers are stationery items. 12,6) human being. Zs Cove al'athers are rated fo sound of action. 4p{ Diamond, all other are metals, Diamond is ae of carbon, }) Except Bear all others are carnivorous. Bear is a herbivorous animal. 16.15) Except meaning all others are related. 17.8) Except Radish all others are fruits. Radish is a modified root: 18.(4) All others are different modes of exercising. 19.(4) All others are different forms of literature. 20.{3) All others are solid at normal temperature and pressure conditions while Nitrogen Is gas. 21,(5) Except Giddha, all others are folk dances of “Rajasthan. Glékthats a folk dante of Punjab. 22,(4) All others are different types of fuel. 23.(4) Major. Colonel and Brigadier are different ranks in the Indian Army. Admiral is the topmost rank in the India Navy. 24.0), Except Life Insurance Corporation, all others are insurance companiés for gegeral Insurance, 1. for vehicles, property etc. 28.2) Except disease, all other terms denote abstruction, hindrance or interruption. 26.(2) Except remedy. all other terms denote loss of some- thing 27.1) Socrates was a Greek philosopher, Ludwing Van Beethoven was.a German Composer and Musician. Bach was also a German Composer. WA Mozart was a Austrian Composer: 28.(2) Except Geology, all others are related with health and disease.COMPETITIVE REASONING 29.(4) Pond is a land-locked water body. All others refer to such water body in which water flows continously. ‘90.(4) Ellora is famous for Cave temples located on the sea shore. All others are famous for temples. 91.4) Except Agra, all others are hill stations. '92.(2} Foal ts the young one of a horse or of a related animal, Lamb is the young one of the a sheep. Leveret Is the young one of a hare. Hen is a female bird especially of a fowl. '$9.(4) Vedanthangal, Bandipur and Mudumalal are National Parks or Wildlife Sanctuaries. Bandipur National Park is situated in Mysore, Kar- nataka. ‘Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary and Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary are located in Tamil Nadu. ~ 34,9) Google Is a search engine while all others are web browsers. ‘984(9) Ally is different from the other three words. TYPE — Il In this type of questions the principle of Numeral Analogy has been applied. Out of the glven numbers, one ‘does not show similar property and that number Is selected as the answer. The grouping of numbers can be done on. the basis of following properties of number : (0 Prime Numbers. (i) Rational Numbers, (it) Irrational ‘Numbers, (tv) Positive and Negative Integers, (v) Squares, and Cubes: ‘Now consider the following examples : Ex.1. Four of the following five are alike In a certain way, and so form a group. Which is the one thatittoe ‘not belong to that group ? 78 (2)48 . 54 (5) 42 RBI Grade 'B' Officer and so form a group. Which that does ears ‘pi Which is the one that does wns India Assurance AO Exam, 25.10.2009] ‘of the following five are alike in a certain way \d 80 form a group. Which is the one that does not belong to that group ? (a) 45, @)35 (4) 25 875 : Mndian Bank Clerk Exain, 21.08.2009] Four of the following five are alike in a certain way tnd go form a group. Which ta the one that docs not belong to that group ? (929 amar (251 [Bank of India Clerk Exam, 18.02.2009] (85 yz (19 Bx.6. Four of the following five are alike in a certain way and 80 form a group. Which Is the one that does not belong to that group 7 (a) 196 (2) 256 (529 (4) 576 (6) 324 [SBI Clork Exam, 08.11.2009] Four of the following five are alike in a certain way ‘and hence form a group. Which one does not belong to that group? (131 171 @) 151 (161 (@ia1 Four of the following five are alike in a certain way and so form a group. Which Is the one that does rnot belong to that group? a) 169 2) 179 (31135 (a) 149 (© 157 fees OY (2) 025, 8) (3) (124, 7) (4) (12, 4) 12. (1) 6246-6296 (2) 7137-7267 (9) 4344-4684 (4)5235-5465, Ex.15.(1) 1243 (@) 7516 (3) 4514 (a) 9425, Fx.14,(1) 121-134 (2) 691 61516 (9) 1861410) 312 —316 Bx.18. (1) 143 @) 165 (3) 183 (a) 289 [11 to 18: $8C CGL Tier-I Exam, 01.07.2012] Bx.16. (1) 24 @) 49 (3) 80 (4) 15 Ex.17.(1) 121 (@) 324 () 523 (a) 729 Ex.18.(1) 704, 11 (2) 286, 4 *"(@) 832, 13 (a) 310, 5 116 to 18 : 6SC CGL Tier-I Exam, 08.07.2012] Ex.19.(1) (1, 0) 2) (2,3) eee (9) (4,27) x.20. (1) (96, 24) (2) (99, 18) (9) (61, 54) (@) (82, 64) 119 & 20: [Link] Tler-I Exam, 21.04.2013} Bx.21.(1) $43, 453 (2) 243, 492 (9) 234, 342 (4) 354, 543 Ex.22.(1) 74, 7 (297, 9 (9) 41, 4 (4) 63, 6 12 & 22: SSC CGL Ther-I Exam, 19.05.2013]COMPETITIVE REASONING EXPLANATIONS - 11,2) The number 46 is nearest to a perfect square. 4B 41 49=7%7 2.(4) Thenuinber 36s perfect square ofa natural number. 3,5) The number 289 is perfect square of a natural number. 17x 17 = 289. 4.4) All the Ove numbers are multiples of 5. But the number 25 is also perfect square of 5. 5.2) Except 51, all others are Prime Numbers. 6.3} Except 529, all others are perfect squares of even | numbers. The number 529 is perfect square 0; an. odd number. 196 = 14 14; 266 = 16 x 16 529 = 23x23; 576 = 24x24 324 = 18 x 18 7,6) If we apply numeral theory the number 361 1s odd ‘one. The sum of all others are od? number while Im case of number 161 tt is rven. 1319 14+3+1=5 Slo 1454127 181 1+8+1=10=1+0-1 Wl 1474+1=9 But,1+6+1=8 ‘The number 169 is « perfect square. 144 {122-7 145=1 168 (13)? — 1 = 159-1 224 =9(15)?- 1 = 925-1 63 =»(8)*- 1 = 64-1 But, 37 = (ti +1536 +1 Except 74, all other numbers are completely divisible Ly 3 or 9. 117 +9 #13 & 1174.3 =39 153 +9 = 17 & 153 +3=51 108 +9 = 12 & 108+3=36 aa) 9.4) 10.2) 28 5 pair 6246 ~ 6296 is least. ~~ 6246 = 50 - 7137 = 130 = 4344 = 340 5465 - 5235 = 230 13. (1) The number 1243 is a multiple of 11. 1243 = 11x 113. 14. (4) 1s 14293 L+2+134 636 6+915 Ort Peas” But, [74 +9 = 8.22) and [74 + 3, i 11. (4) 112 is completely divisible i “5 6+9+1 316 1s 14854 1+3+6+10 343 Sioa B+1+236 (4) The number 289 is a perfect square. . (2) The number 49 is a perfect square of a whole ‘number. (@) Except 523. all other numbers are perfect squares ‘of whole numbers. 121 = (12 ja , ¢ > 10 put, 332 = 6 < e par (82.64) in all other mu wumnbers are multiples of . 8x3 Toate, 22. (2) The second number in each number is the first digit ofthe first number. ‘The difference between the two digits of the first num- ber is 3in all the number pairs except 97, 9. ona