TWK2A

The Laplace transform (Section 7.1)

Solutions
1.
t 0 t<1
f (t) =
1 t 1
Z1
st
Lff g = e f (t)dt
0
Z1 Z1
st st
= e tdt + e dt
0 1

1 Z1 Z1
e st t 1 st st
= + e dt + e dt
s 0 s
0 1
s st 1 0
e 1 e e st
= + +
s s s 0 s 1
e s 1 e s
1 e s
= + + +
s s s s s
s
1 e
= 2 (s > 0)
s s2
2.
2t + 1 0 t < 1
f (t) =
0 t 1
Z1
st
Lff g = e f (t)dt
0
Z1 Z1
st st
= e (2t + 1)dt + e 0dt
0 1
Z1 Z1
st st
= 2 e tdt + e dt
0 0
0 1
st 1 Z1 Z1
e t 1
= 2@ + e st
dtA + e st
dt
s 0 s
0 0
!
s st 1 st 1
e 1 e e
= 2 + +
s s s 0 s 0
s s s
2e 2e 2 e 1
= 2
+ 2 +
s s s s s
s
3e 2e s 1 2
= + + 2 (s > 0)
s s2 s s
3.
2t 5
f (t) = e
Z 1
st 2t 5
Lff g = e e dt
0
Z1
5 (s+2)t
= e e dt
0
1
5 e(s+2)t
= e
(s + 2) 0

5 1
= e
s+2
e 5
= (s > 2)
s+2

4.
8
< 0; 06t<a
f (t) = c; a6t<b
:
0; t>b
Z b
st
L ff (t)g = 0 + ce dt + 0
a
b
c st
= e
( s) a
c(e sa e sb
)
= ; s>0
s
5.
Z 1
2 2t
Lft e g = t2 e 2t
e st
dt
Z0 1
= t2 e (s+2)t
dt
0
(s+2)t 1 Z 1 (s+2)t
2 e e
= t 2t dt
(s + 2) 0 0 (s + 2)
(s+2)t 1 Z 1
e e (s+2)t
= 0 2 t dt (s > 2)
(s + 2)2 0 0 (s + 2)2
1
e (s+2)t
= 0 2
(s + 2)3 0
2
=
(s + 2)3

6.
Z 2
st
F (s) = 4e dt
0
4 st 2
= e 0
s
4
= e 2s 1
s
4 (1 e 2s )
= ; s>0
s
7.
Z
st
F (s) = e sin t dt
0
Z
1 st 1
= e sin t e st cos t dt
s 0 0 s
Z
1
= 0+ e st cos t dt
s 0
Z
1 st 1
= 2
e cos t 2
e st ( sin t) dt
s 0 0 s
Z
1 s 1
= e 1 e st sin t dt
s2 s2 0
1+e s 1
= 2
F (s)
s s2
1+e s
) F (s) = :
1 + s2

8.
Z 1
st t
F (s) = e e cos t dt
Z0 1
= e(1 s)t
cos t dt
0
1 Z 1
1 (1 s)t 1
= e cos t e(1 s)t
( sin t) dt
1 s 0 0 1 s
Z 1
0 1 1
= + e(1 s)t sin t dt (s > 1)
1 s 1 s 0
1 Z 1
1 1 1 (1 s)t 1
= + e sin t e(1 s)t
cos t dt
s 1 1 s 1 s 0 0 1 s
Z 1
1 1
= +0 e(1 s)t cos t dt
s 1 (s 1)2 0
1 1
= F (s)
s 1 (s 1)2
 Make F (s) the subject of the equation:

(s 1)2 + 1 F (s) = s 1
s 1 s 1
F (s) = = ; s>1
(s 1)2 + 1 s2 2s + 2

9.
Z 1
st
F (s) = e t cos t dt
0
1 Z 1
1 st 1
= e t cos t e st (cos t t sin t) dt
s 0 0 s
Z Z
1 1 st 1 1 st
= 0+ e cos t dt e t sin t dt (s > 0)
s 0 s 0
1 Z 1
1 s 1 1 st 1
= e t sin t e st (sin t + t cos t) dt
s s2 + 1 s s s
Z 0
Z 0
1 1 1 st 1 1
= 0 e sin t dt t cos t dt
s2 + 1 s2 0 s2 0
1 1 1 1
= F (s)
s2 + 1 s2 s2 + 1 s2
Make F (s) the subject of the equation:
s2 1 s2 1
(s2 + 1)F (s) = =
s1 + 1 s2 + 1 s2 + 1
s2 1
F (s) = ; s>0
(s2 + 1)2

10.
ekt + e kt
1
cosh kt = ) L fcosh ktg = L ekt + L e kt
:
2 2
Now,
Z1 Z1
kt st kt
L e = e e dt = e( s+k)t
dt
0 0
( s+k)t 1
e 1
= =
s+k 0 s k
 and
Z1 Z1
kt st kt
L e = e e dt = e( s k)t
dt
0 0
( s k)t 1
e 1
= = :
s k 0 s+k

Hence,

1 1 1 1 2s
L fcosh ktg = + =
2 s k s+k 2 (s k) (s + k)
s
= :
s2 k2

11.
Z 1
st
L ff (t)g = f (t)edt
0
Z Z 1 Z 1
2
st st st
= 0e dt + e cos t dt = e cos t dt
0 2 2

Now,
Z 1 Z 1
st st 1 st
e cos tdt = e sin t ( se ) sin tdt
2
2
Z 1
2

s2 st
= e +s e sin tdt s>0
2
Z !
1
s2 st 1 st
= e +s e cos t + ( se ) cos tdt
2
2
Z 1
s2 2 st
= e s e cos t dt
2

and so Z 1
st e s2
L ff (t)g = e cos t dt = :
2
1 + s2
12.

f (t) = t2 + 6t 3
Lff g = Lft2 + 6t 3g
= Lft2 g + 6Lftg 3Lf1g
2 6 3
= 3+ 2 :
s s s

13.

f (t) = (2t 1)3 = (2t 1)(4t2 4t + 1) = 8t3 12t2 + 6t 1

Lff g = 8Lft3 g 12Lft2 g + 6Lftg Lf1g
8 3! 12 2! 6 1
= 4 3
+ 2
s s s s
48 24 6 1
= 4 + 2 :
s s3 s s

14.

f (t) = cos 5t + sin 2t

Lff g = Lfcos 5tg + Lfsin 2tg
s 2
= 2 + 2 :
s + 25 s + 4