Arithmetic
(from the Greek ἀριθμός arithmos, 'number' and τική [τέχνη], tiké [téchne], 'art' or 'craft')
is a branch of mathematics that consists of the study of numbers, especially the properties of the
traditional operations on them—addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, exponentiation and
extraction of roots.[1][2][3] Arithmetic is an elementary part of number theory, and number theory is
considered to be one of the top-level divisions of modern mathematics, along
with algebra, geometry, and analysis. The terms arithmetic and higher arithmetic were used until the
beginning of the 20th century as synonyms for number theory, and are sometimes still used to refer
to a wider part of number theory.