John Arvin V.

Escote ES 141 BASIC EE

BSCE-2A Arch. Marlon C. Solloso

Assignment:

1.) What are the common electrical terminologies?

Answer:

Alternating Current (AC) Electrolyte Kilowatt-hour Meter

Ammeter Electromotive Force Kilowatt (kW)

Ampacity Electron Load

Ampere-Hour (Ah) Electron theory Load Rejection

Ampere (A) Farad Mutual Induction

Apparent Power Ferro resonance Ohm

Armature Frequency Ohm's Law

Capacitance Fuse Ohmmeter

Capacitor Generator Open Circuit

Circuit Ground Parallel Circuit

Circuit Breaker Ground Fault Circuit Piezoelectricity

Interrupters (GFCI)
Conductor Polarity
Henry
Corona Power
Hertz
Current (I) Power Factor
Impedance
Cycle Protective Relay
Inductance
Demand Reactive Power
Inductor
Dielectric constant Rectifier
Insulator
Dielectric strength Relay
Inverter
Diode Reluctance
Kilowatt-hour (kWh)
Direct Current (DC) Resistance
Resistor Short Circuit Volt (V)

Rotor Solid State Circuit Voltage

Self-Induction Transistor Voltmeter

Semiconductor True Power Watt-hour (Wh)

Series-Parallel Circuit VARS Watt (W)

Series Circuit Variable Resistor Wattmeter

Service Volt-Ampere (VA) Waveform

2.) What are the principles of electricity?

Answer:

Electricity is a form of energy generated by friction, induction or chemical change having

magnetic, chemical and radiant effect.

 Electron - Negative charge

 Proton - Positive charge
 Neutron - Not electrically charged

Two Types of Electricity

Static Electricity- Usually caused by frictions

Current Electricity- Produced by moving electrons

Ion - is a term applied to an atom or molecule that is electrically charged, but not electrically
balanced. Ions occur when the electrons in the atom are loosened through friction by another
atom; Loss or gain of one or more electrons.

Alessandro Volta – Italian Scientist, discovered the Flow of Electrons

Volt or Voltage – electrical pressure that causes the electrons to move through a conductor
(wire). Voltage is the electromotive force. High voltage = more force to flow voltage.

Ampere - Andre M. Ampere – The standard unit use in measuring the strength of an electric
current. The amount of current flow sent by one volt through the resistance of one Ohm.

Watt - James Watt – Scottish inventor. The rate or measure of power used or consumed. It
represents the equivalent heat volts and ampere consumed by lights, appliances, or motors. 
Commonly labeled on light bulbs or appliances, giving us the idea of what kind of circuit would
be installed.
Circuit - Refers to the wire installations that supply current to lights and convenient outlets.

Resistance - Friction or opposition to the flow of current by the wires and transformers. For
direct current (DC electricity) resistance is used for friction and Impedance for alternating
current (AC electricity).

Current - The intensity of the flow of electrons in a conductor.

Power - The total measure of electrical energy consumed in a circuit.

Conductors and Insulators

Conductors - Material with low resistance, and thus it permits the flow of current

Insulators - Material with high resistance; hence, it does not permit the flow of electric current

An ammeter is an instrument used for measuring electric current.

Classification of Electric Current

Direct Current - The flow of electron in a conductor is in one direction only.

Alternating Current - The flow of electron changes alternately. At one moment it goes positive,
and then it goes negative, and so on as cycle.

The Electric Circuit

The electric circuit is the complete flow of current through a conductor or path from the source
to the load and back to the source.

Parts of an Electric Circuit

Source - Provides electrical power to the circuit.

Load - an electric device, usually in appliance, lights, or any equipment, connected to the
circuits that consume power or electricity.

Control/Switch - an electrical device that turns the current ON and OFF

3.) What are the units of:

- Current?

Answer: A common unit of electric current is the ampere, which is defined as a flow of
one coulomb of charge per second, or 6.2 × 1018 electrons per second. The centimetre–gram–
second unit of current is the electrostatic unit of charge (esu) per second.

- Electric Potential?
Answer: The standard metric unit on electric potential difference is the volt, abbreviated V and
named in honor of Alessandro Volta. One Volt is equivalent to one Joule per Coulomb.

- Electric Resistance?

Answer: The SI derived unit of electric resistance is the ohm, which is defined as a volt per
ampere.

4.) What is Ohm’s Law?

Answer:

Georg Ohm was a Bavarian scientist who studied electricity. Ohm starts by describing a unit of
resistance that is defined by current and voltage. This is why he formulated the “Ohm's Law.” It
explains the relationships between voltage (E), resistance (R), and current (I).

In two circuits of equal voltage, the current will be proportionately greater in the circuit of lower
resistance. In circuits of equal resistance, the current flowing will be directly proportional to the
voltage applied. Current is directly proportional to voltage, inversely proportional to resistance.

Formula: I (Amperes) = E (Volts)/R (Ohms) or E = IR or R = E/I

5.) Types of circuit arrangements:

Answer:

a.) A closed circuit has a complete path.

b.) An open circuit does not. In order for a circuit to work, it must be closed; thus, open circuits
aren’t functional. That may be a hard idea to grasp at first, but circuits are very different from
open restaurants or open doors. When a circuit is open, the current can’t flow through. 
c.) A series circuit is a circuit in which the same current flows through all components of the
circuit. The current only has one path to take. If you’ve ever had trouble with Christmas lights,
you might know a little about series circuits. If the lights are constructed in a series circuit (as
many holiday lights are), when one bulb is missing or burnt out, the current cannot flow and the
lights won’t turn on. Series circuits can be very frustrating because if they don’t work, you have
to figure out which piece is responsible for the whole.

d.) A parallel circuit is a circuit in which the components are arranged so that the current must
break up (with bits flowing across each parallel branch) before meeting and combining again.
Because the current divides, each component is assured a charge. And if one path breaks, the
other paths will still work because they aren’t reliant on each other. Houses are always built with
parallel circuits so that if one light burns out, your entire house won’t lose power.

e.) A short circuit is a circuit that allows the current to travel along an unintended path. In this
way, it encounters little (or no) resistance. The piece of the circuit bypassed by the short circuit
may cease to function and a large amount of current may begin flowing. This causes the wires to
heat up and can potentially cause a fire. Circuit breakers and fuse boxes are put in place to cut off
circuits as a safety measure when a short circuit occurs. A short circuit is not, as some believe,
just any electrical malfunction.

Sources:

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