10
Mathematics 10
Learning Activity Sheet (LAS)
Quarter 3 – Week 2
Permutations
CAMARINES SUR NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET
Quarter 3 Week 2
PERMUTATION
NAME SUBJECT: MATHEMATICS 10
GRADE & SECTION: DATE:
I. Introductory Concepts
Have you ever wondered why some locks such as the one shown have codes in
them? Do you know why shorter code is “weak” while a longer code is a “strong”
personal password in a computer account? Occasionally, you encounter certain
activities that involve arrangements of people or objects such as organization of home
furniture, the placement of books on a shelf, or even positions of family members for a
family photograph. In probability, the arrangement of objects in a set in order is called
permutation.
Jon, a Grade 10 student uses the three letters of his name J, O, and N in different order to assign
passwords to his 2 laptops and 2 cell phones. Each letter appears only once in a password.
To find the total number of passwords that Jon can create, we should have used a list or a
tree diagram.
J O N Therefore, there are six (6)
passwords in which Jon can
N O
PASSWORD PASSWORD assign in his laptops and cell
O J N phones.
JON ONJ
N J
JNO NOJ
N O J
OJN NJO
J O
In the example above, it is easy to find the number of passwords since there are only three
letters, what if you must find the number of passwords using four or five letters? Using the tree
diagram or a list is very tedious. That is why we consider other ways to find the number of
permutations. Hence, the number of permutations of three different letters is 3(2)(1) = 6 . If there
are four letters, the number of ways to form a four-letter password is 4 (3) (2) (1) = 24 .
DEFINITION
A PERMUTATION is an arrangement of things in a definite order or the
ordered arrangement of distinguishable objects without allowing repetitions
among objects.
In general, if n is a positive integer, then n factorial denoted by n! is the
product of all integers less than or equal to n.
𝒏! = 𝒏 (𝒏 − 𝟏) (𝒏 − 𝟐) … (𝟐)(𝟏).
II. Learning Skills
Solves problems involving permutations (M10SP-IIIb-1)
Specifically:
1. Illustrate the permutation of objects.
2. Write the mathematical expressions or equations to represent situations
involving permutations.
3. Apply the formula in solving problems involving permutations.
References:
Topic: PERMUTATION
E-Math IV by Oronce, pp. 455-463
Math 10 Teacher’s Guide, pp. 247- 250
III. Activities
A. Knowing Phase
Compute. Solution:
1. 5! = ________ 1. 5! = 5(4)(3)(2)(1) = 120
4! 4! 4! 4(3)(2)(1)
2. = ________ 2. = 2! = = 4(3) = 12
(4−2)! (4−2)! (2)(1)
7! 7! 7(6)(5!)
3.
5!
= ________ 3. = = 7(6) = 42
5! 5!
Determine whether each problem represents a Permutation or Not.
1. The number of ways of arranging 5 different books on a shelf
2. Three-digit numbers are formed from the digits 2,3,4 and 5, with no digits repeated
3. A committee of five chosen from 12 students
4. A President and a Vice-President are being chosen from the 9 candidates
Problem nos. 1, 2 and 4 represent Permutation since “order is important” in these sample problems
while problem no. 3 is Not a permutation since order is not important.
Formula The Number of Permutations of n things taken n at a time is given by
nPr is read as
nPn = n (n-1)(n-2)…(3)(2)(1) = n! “The
The Number of Permutations of n things taken r at a time is given by permutation of
𝒏! n taken r at a
nPr = n (n-1)(n-2)…(n – r + 1) or nPr = time
(𝒏−𝒓)!
Example 1: In how many ways can you arrange 5 different books on a shelf?
Solution: Identify n and r. In this problem, n = r, thus n = 5 and r = 5.
We can write the permutation as 5 P5 ---- “the permutation of 5 different books taken 5 at a time”
If n = r, we can just use n!, Thus, 5 P5 = 5! = 120
There are 120 ways of arranging five
different books on a shelf.
Example 2: How many three-digit numbers can be formed from the digits 2, 3, 4 and 5, with no
digits are repeated?
Solution: Identify n and r. In this problem, n = 4 and r = 3. Note: 𝒓 ≤ 𝒏 or 𝒏 ≥ 𝒓
We can write the permutation as 4 P3 ---- “the permutation of 4 taken 3 at a time”
𝒏! 𝟒! 𝟒! 𝟐𝟒
Using the formula nPr = 4P3 = = 𝟏! = 𝟏 = 24
(𝒏−𝒓)! (𝟒−𝟑)!
There are 24 three-digit numbers that can
be formed from the given digits
Example 3: In how many ways can a President and a Vice-President be chosen from the
9 candidates?
Solution: Identify n and r. In this problem, n = 9 and r = 2. Note: 𝒓 ≤ 𝒏 or 𝒏 ≥ 𝒓
We can write the permutation as 9 P2 ---- “the permutation of 9 candidates taken 2 at a time”
𝒏!
Using the formula nPr =
(𝒏−𝒓)!
𝟗! 𝟗! 𝟗(𝟖)(𝟕!)
9P2 = = = = 9(8) = 72
(𝟗−𝟐)! 𝟕! 𝟕!
There are 72 ways of choosing a
President and a Vice-President.
Circular Permutation
There is a special case of permutation where the arrangement of things is in a circular
pattern. It is called Circular Permutation. The formula that we can use is written as (n-1)!
Example 4: In how many ways can 5 persons be seated in a round table?
Solution: (n – 1)! = (5 – 1)! = 4! = 24,
Therefore, there are 24 seating arrangements.
Permutation with Repetition/ Distinguishable Permutation
The number of distinguishable permutations of n things where a things are alike, b things
are alike, and c things are alike, and so forth, is
𝒏!
P=
𝒂!𝒃!𝒄!
Example 5: Find the number of distinguishable permutations of the letters in each word.
Solution: a. VACCINE b. PHILIPPINES
n = 7 letters n = 11 letters
c = 2 (appears twice) P = 3, I = 3
𝟕! 𝟏𝟏! 𝟏𝟏(𝟏𝟎)(𝟗)(𝟖)(𝟕)(𝟔)(𝟓)(𝟒)(𝟑)(𝟐)
P=
𝟐!
= 7(6)(5)(4)(3) P= =
𝟑! 𝟑! (𝟔)(𝟔)
= 4 320 ways = 1 108 800 ways
NAME SUBJECT: MATHEMATICS 10
GRADE & SECTION: DATE:
PRACTICE EXERCISE
A. Identification: Identify whether the following statements illustrates a permutation of objects or
not. Write P is yes and N if no.
________1. The Solvers Club organizes a Tiktok Dance Challenge. If there are 20 students who
participated, how many ways can a first place, a second place and a third place
be awarded?
________2. In how many ways can 5 modules be arranged from a compilation of 8?
________3. A monthly meeting is conducted by nine Grade 10 teachers. In how many ways
can these teachers be seated at a round table?
________4. Mr. Cruz has to choose three of the six officers of the Math Club to go to a regional
meeting. How many possible choices does he have?
________5. In how many ways can five cars line up for a race?
B. Write the mathematical expressions or equations to represent the following problems involving
permutations. Then, solve using the formula for permutation.
1. Five ladies apply for 3 saleslady positions at SM Naga City. In how many ways can
these positions be filled by the lady applicants?
Permutation Solution:
n Pr =
2. In how many ways can 8 children stand in a circle to play a game?
Solution:
Permutation
3. In how many ways can the letters of the word “DEGREE” be arranged?
Permutation Solution:
4. How many four-letter code words can be made from the 8 letters of the English
alphabet if no letter is repeated?
Permutation Solution:
C. Create a situation in which permutation is applied. Make a word problem to represent the
situation. Then, solve your own problem using the formula for permutation.
Rubric:
Levels of What will I assess? How will I assess? How will I score?
Assessment
Knowledge The learner demonstrates understanding of key Practice Exercise A 1 point each
concepts of Permutation. # 1-5 5 points
Understanding Solve problems on Permutation. Practice Exercise B 3 points each
#1-4 12 points
Doing Create a situation which involves permutation Practice Exercise C 3 points
and be able to solve the problem formulated. 3 points
Prepared by:
ROWENA L. ROSALES
Teacher III
HAZEL P. GAVICA
Teacher I
Checked by:
MA. SHERILYN B. SAGUIRER
Teacher III
Noted by:
ELSA L. MALAPO
HTVI, Math Department
Recommending approval:
SULPICIO C. ALFEREZ III, Ph.D. MICHAEL A. DEL ROSARIO
Principal IV, CSNHS PSDS, District I
Approved:
RUSTICO A. AZAÑA
EPS I, Mathematics