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Understanding Seismic Multiples in Petroleum Engineering

This document summarizes research on multiples in seismic data. Multiples are seismic events that have undergone more than one reflection. They can cause problems in seismic interpretation by enhancing or distorting geologic features. There are different types of multiples, including long path multiples that appear as separate events, and short path multiples that add tails to primary reflections. Multiples can be attenuated during data processing using techniques like common-depth point stacking, which separates multiples from primaries based on their different stacking velocities. Deconvolution is also used to selectively remove multiples by predicting and filtering their arrival times.

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60 views6 pages

Understanding Seismic Multiples in Petroleum Engineering

This document summarizes research on multiples in seismic data. Multiples are seismic events that have undergone more than one reflection. They can cause problems in seismic interpretation by enhancing or distorting geologic features. There are different types of multiples, including long path multiples that appear as separate events, and short path multiples that add tails to primary reflections. Multiples can be attenuated during data processing using techniques like common-depth point stacking, which separates multiples from primaries based on their different stacking velocities. Deconvolution is also used to selectively remove multiples by predicting and filtering their arrival times.

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Ashraf
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University of Benghazi

Faculty of Engineering
Department of Petroleum Engineering

Multiple Reflection
in seismic Data

By: Fatma Ibris Aldrsi

Supervisor: Mr. Saad Alsaiti

Autumn 2019
What are Multiples?
Multiples are multiplicative events seen in
seismic sections. These events have undergone
more than one reflection. They are produced in
the data gathering process when the signal
doesn't take a direct path from the source to the
geologic event and finally back to the receiver
on the surface. This causes the signal to arrive
back at the receiver at an erroneous time,
which, in turn, causes false results and can
result in data misinterpretation.
What are the Different Types of Multiples?
There are various kinds of multiples ranging
from various
• long path multiples: appear as separate
events in the seismic record ,
• short path multiples: add tail to the primary
reflection .
Examples of long path multiples include simple
multiples and interformational multiples. Short
path multiples may be ghosts, near surface
multiples, and peg-leg multiples.
What Types of Problems can Multiples Cause?
• Multiples can present many pitfalls for the interpreter and cause problems in seismic data interpretation.

This is because the features which multiples create may not reflect the true approximation of the

geology of a structure or an area.

• For instance, multiples can enhance geologic features such as small anticlines, so that they appear larger

than what they truly are. This is attractive to the oil/gas finder, but can lead to false conclusions

concerning the location and amount of pay


How can Multiples be Attenuated?
One of the most common methods of attenuating multiples is by using a stacking method referred to as common-
depth point stacking during data processing.

Multiples spend most of their time in shallower sections, bouncing off the interface at the low velocity zone.

This situation causes an energy decrease in multiples relative to primary reflections of the same travel time.
Thus, they have smaller stacking velocities and don't align on a continuous velocity log. This makes them
relatively easy to identify.

De-convolution is the method by which seismic data may be filtered according to the processor's preference.
Knowledge of the arrival time of primary reflectors allows the arrival time of multiples from the same surface to
be predicted.

By using the arrival time, the deconvolution operators can selectively pick multiples out of the data. The
shortcoming of this method is that it primarily works only with simple multiples, as those with more intricate
paths have a much harder to predict travel time. 3

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