1.
Use directed numbers to represent the changes in values as described by the underlined
phrases.
(a) In a Mathematics competition, 100 marks are awarded for each correct answer and
50 marks are deducted for each wrong answer.
(b) Mr Wong gained 2 kg weight last month and loses 3 kg weight this month.
##
(a) ‘100 marks are awarded’ can be represented by +100 marks, while ’50 marks are
deducted’ can be represented by –50 marks.
(b) ‘Gained 2 kg’ can be represented by +2 kg, while ‘loses 3 kg’ can be represented by
–3 kg.
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2.
(a) Label the number 3 and its opposite number on a number line.
(b) Label the following numbers on a number line.
1 1
+1, , 1.5, +2.5, 3
2 2
##
(a) The opposite number of –3 is +3.
(b)
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3.
With the help of a number line, compare the following numbers.
(a) +2 and +4
(b) 2 and 5
1 1
(c) and 3
2 2
##
(a)
On the number line, +2 is to the left of +4. Therefore, +2 < +4.
(b)
On the number line, –2 is to the left of 5. Therefore, –2 < 5.
(c)
1 1 1 1
On the number line, is to the right of 3 . Therefore, 3 .
2 2 2 2
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4. With the help of a number line, find the values of the following expressions.
(a) (+2) + (+4)
(b) (3) + (+5)
##
(a)
Move in the positive direction by 4 units from +2 and we get +6.
∴ (2) (4) 6
(b)
Move in the positive direction by 5 units from –3 and we get +2.
∴ (3) (5) 2
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5. With the help of a number line, find the values of the following expressions.
(a) (+6) + (2)
(b) (3) + (7)
##
(a)
Move in the negative direction by 2 units from +6 and we get +4.
∴ (6) (2) 4
(b)
Move in the negative direction by 7 units from –3 and we get –10.
∴ (3) (7) 10
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6. With the help of a number line, find the values of the following expressions.
(a) (+4) (+3)
(b) (6) (+1)
##
(a)
Move in the negative direction by 3 units from +4 and we get +1.
∴ ( 4) (3) 1
(b)
Move in the negative direction by 1 unit from –6 and we get –7.
∴ (6) ( 1) 7
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7. With the help of a number line, find the values of the following expressions.
(a) (+5) (3)
(b) (4) (6)
##
(a)
Move in the positive direction by 3 units from +5 and we get +8.
∴ (5) (3) 8
(b)
J
Move in the positive direction by 6 units from –4 and we get +2.
∴ ( 4) ( 6) 2
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8. Applying the rules of signs, find the values of the following expressions.
(a) (+4) (+12)
(b) (+7.5) + (4)
##
(a) ( 4) ( 12) 4 12
8
(b) ( 7.5) (4) 7.5 4
3.5
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9. Applying the rules of signs, find the values of the following expressions.
(a) (7) + (+10)
(b) (+9) (12)
##
( 7) ( 10) 7 10
(a) 10 7
3
(b) ( 9) (12) 9 12
21
=======================================================
10. Applying the rules of signs, find the values of the following expressions.
(a) (7) (5) + (1)
(b) (+12) + (20) (+34)
##
( 7) ( 5) ( 1) ( 2) ( 1)
(a) 2 1
3
( 12) (20) ( 34) ( 8) ( 34)
(b) 8 34
42
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11. Tom is 260 m to the east of a tree and Mary is 150 m to the west of Tom. Use a
directed number to represent the position of Mary from the tree. (Take east as the positive
direction.)
##
260 (150) 110
∴ +110 m represents the position of Mary from the tree.
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12. Find the values of the following expressions.
(a) (+6) (4)
(b) (5) (7)
##
(a) ( 6) ( 4) (6 4)
24
(b) ( 5) ( 7 ) (5 7)
35
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13. Find the value of the expression (3) (6) (4).
##
( 3) ( 6) ( 4)
(3 6) ( 4)
( 18) ( 4)
(18 4)
72
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14. Find the values of the following expressions.
(a) (56) (7)
(72)
(b) (8)
##
( 56) ( 7)
(a) (56 7)
8
( 72)
( 8)
(b) 72
8
9
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2 2
15. Find the value of the expression 2 1 .
9 3
##
2 2
2 1
9 3
20 5
9 3
20 5
9 3
20 3
9 5
4
3
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16. Find the value of the expression (84) (+4) (3).
##
( 84) ( 4) ( 3)
(84 4) ( 3)
( 21) ( 3)
( 21 3)
7
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17. Find the values of the following expressions.
(a) (15) (+3) + (2) (5)
(b) (10) [(4) – (+27) (9)]
(c) (+6) – (9) (+8) (6)
##
( 15) ( 3) ( 2) ( 5)
(a) 5 10
5
( 10) [(4) ( 27) ( 9)]
(b) (10) [(4) (3)]
( 10) (1)
10
( 6) ( 9) ( 8) ( 6)
(c) ( 6) ( 72) ( 6)
( 6) ( 12)
6
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18.
(a) If +$30 means that the price of a watch has increased by $30, what does $45 mean?
(b) If 2 km means 2 km below the ground, what does +1.5 km mean?
##
(a) $45 means that the price of a watch has decreased by $45.
(b) +1.5 km means 1.5 km above the ground.
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(a) Label the following numbers on a number line.
1
1 , +2, +3.5, 4, +5
2
(b) Hence, arrange the numbers in (a) in ascending order.
##
(a)
1
(b) 4, 1 , +2, +3.5, +5
2
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19. Find the values of the following expressions.
(a) (+2) (3) (7)
(b) (90) (+5) (6)
(c) (+6) (8) (4)
##
( 2) ( 3) ( 7)
( 2 3) ( 7)
(a) ( 6) ( 7)
(6 7 )
42
( 90) ( 5) ( 6)
(90 5) ( 6)
(b) ( 18) (6)
(18 6)
3
( 6) ( 8) (4)
(6 8) ( 4)
(c) ( 48) (4)
( 48 4)
12
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20. Find the values of the following expressions.
(a) (+5) (0) + (20) (4)
(b) (7) + (+6) (2) – (+12)
1 2
(c) ( 4) (2)
3 3
##
( 5) (0) ( 20) ( 4)
(a) 05
5
(7) ( 6) ( 2) ( 12)
(b) ( 7) (3) ( 12)
( 10) (12)
22
1 2
(4) (2)
3 3
2
(2)
1 3
3 (4)
2
2
(c) 1 3
3 (4)
4
1 3
3 4
1 1
3 3
0