Beginning TOEIC” Test-taking Skills Second Edition Umeha ler ter tae hawtVERY EASY TOEIC’ Second Edition Beginning TOEIC’ Test-taking Skills Anne Taylor + Garrett Byrne © 2007 Compass Publishing All rights reserved. No part ofthis publication may be reproduced, stored in ‘retrieval system or tansmiteed ie any form, of by any means, electronic, ‘mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permission in writing fiom the publisher. ‘OEIC isa registered trademark of Educational Testing Service (ETS). Acquisitions Eicon: Garret Byrne Development Editor: Emily Page Recording Manager: Wendy Oh Recording Assistant: Elsa Ha Cover/Interior Design: Dammora Inc. Email: info@[Link] Ieper [Link] ISBN: 978-1-59966-024-0 10 09 08 o7 wos 765432 PHOTO CREDIT Jopitcroages Corporation: (© 2005 Photoscom) IMGSI MasterPhows (© 1997)Beginning TOEIC’ Test-taking Skills VERY EASY TOEIC Second Edition Anne Taylor Garrett Byrne Compass PublishingCONTENTS At Glance Preface Introduction 8 Level 1 Unit 1 Present Tense 15 Unit 2 Past Tense 29 Unit 3 Gerunds/Infinitives 43 Level 2 Unit 4 — Subject-Verb Agreement 57 Unit 5 Auxiliaries 7 Unit 6 Relative Pronouns 85 Level 3 Unit 7 Noun/ Pronouns 99 Unit 8 — Adjectives / Adverbs 113 Unit 9 Comparisons 127 Level 4 Unit 10 Conjunctions 141 Unit 11 Modifiers 155 Unit 12 Negation 169 Practice Test 183At the Glance Vocabulary - Grammar Focus _| Preposition Listening Reading frownyawnvcryaugh thouglvthrough Unit 1 alreadyiyet Present Tense at nodiacticlaplss sometime/sometimes . pay/sellftry on/shop borrow/end Unit 2 | jeruvcounvshakevtend | *pbointmenteromise Past Tense in unit 3 | etchlide/swimptay fun/funny " rowidance/makerkick oN Gerunds /Infinitives from by/until . unit 4 | “om*enbulcicesion canotr Subject-Verb Agreement » measurelserveldelivertyPe | employee/employer , sayfcalchavshout bring/ake Unit 5 | sauvyelispeakAwhisper oe Auxiliaries by poinv/aisehwritenwave affecteffect Unit 6) hughelp/cheer/show sncthersther Relative Pronouns with " feed/chew/have/eat desert/dessert Unit 7 | pourlcookbring/aive a eaiite Nouns / Pronouns for hop/jump/chase/load almost/most unit 8 hard/hardly A ina Gjectives / Advert into play/fix/march/fly latelately jjectives / Adverbs unit 9 cleanswash/cutcomb fewer/less niES | sweepfolapotshieheck | iecesubiec Comparisons on sing/paint/play/watch quievquite ay take a bath/lie/read/relax a ‘Conjunctions over stand/hide/get up/wait either/too unit 11 look/seem Moa ji if about lookfisten/wearrest Neatsaed josifiers unit 12 walk/throw/water/climb explode/explore init wander/wonder Negatic of pick/gather/dig/park aaeieeet legationPreface Very Easy TOEIC* Second Edition has been designed for beginning-level students of English who need to start preparation for the TOEIC’, This book contains twelve units, one practice test, and support with a transcript and answer key. Each unit in this book contains a vocabulary section, a clear and concise grammar focus section, grammar exercises, and a Mini Test. Vocabulary A. Listening: With simple listening practice, students study vocabulary frequently appearing on the TOEIC’. B. Reading: Pair exercises help students distinguish between commonly confused words. Grammar Focus and Exercises This part outlines fundamental grammar points frequently tested on the TOEIC*. Each unit begins with a brief explanation of the target grammar, including key points. The units also provide exercises based on the format of TOEIC* grammar questions, allowing students to practice their understanding of the grammar point. Mini Test This section provides a mini test that incorporates the same types of questions as the latest TOEIC’ format. With this, students can not only review the grammar learned in Grammar Focus and Exercises but also become familiar with the kind of tasks they will encounter on the TOEIC* Practice Test ‘The Practice Test provides students with an opportunity to take a full-length, lower-level version of a TOEIC® test. It introduces students to the new TOEIC® format, incorporating 100 listening questions and 100 reading questions. Support — Transcript, Answer Key The Support includes reference materials related to the above chapters, including a transcript for all listening tasks in each unit and in the practice test, an answer key for each unit and the practice test, and a blank sample answer sheet for use when taking the full-length practice test.Introduction About TOEIC TOEIC* stands for Test of English for International Communication. It is divided into two main sections: Listening and Reading. The Listening section tests the ability to understand spoken English. The Reading section tests the knowledge of grammer and vocabulary and the ability to read and understand short passages. There are a total of 200 questions on the TOEIC* test, and the test lasts about two hours. All of the items are multiple-choice questions with three or four possible answers. The following chart outlines the organization of the test as of May 2006: Section 1: Listening Test Parti: Picture Description 10 questions Part 2: Questions and Responses 30 questions Part 3: Short Conversations 30 questions Part 4: Short Talks 30 questions Listening Total 100 questions 45 minutes Section 2: Reading Test Part 5: Incomplete Sentences 40 questions Part 6: Incomplete Texts 12 questions Part 7: Reading Comprehension 48 questions Reading Total 100 questions 1hour 15 minutes Grand Total 200 questions 2 hoursLISTENING TEST In this section of the test, you will have the chance to show how well you understand spoken English. There are four parts to this section, with special directions for each part. (ZEN Picture Description ‘The directions for Part 1 of the TOEIC’ appear on the test as follows: Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear four statements about each picture in your textbook. After listening to all four statements, you must select the one statement that best describes what you see in the picture. Then, find the number of that question on your answer sheet and mark your answer. The statements will be spoken only one time, and are not printed in your test book. Look at the sample below. Now listen to the four statements. (A) The woman is using a musical instrument. (B) The woman is typing on a computer. (©) The woman is playing a video game. (D) The woman is sitting behind the table. ‘Statement (B), “The woman is typing on a computer,” best describes what you see in the picture. Therefore, you should choose answer (B). a « Preview the picture before the statements are read. Ask yourself, “Who?” “What?” “Where?” + Focus on the meaning of the statements as a whole, + Answer the question as quickly as possible, If you don't know the answer, guess and Degin previewing the next pieture. os «+ Incorrect answers may contain similar sounding words. e.g. The woman is tying on a computer. Incorrect answers may give wrong pronouns, numbers, and locations. e.g, Heis typing on a computer. / There are two computers. / The woman is sitting under the sofa, Incorrect answers may include a correct word. e.g, The computer is for sale. / The woman is sitting with some friends.40 (EE uestions and Responses The directions for Part 2 of the TOEIC’ appear on the test as follows: | Directions: In this section you will hear a question or statement followed by three responses, Select the best response to the question or statement and mark the letter (A), (B), or (C) on your answer sheet. Again, each response will be spoken only one time and will not be printed in your test book. ‘Now listen to the four statements. You will hear: You will also hear: Good morning, John. (A) I'm fine, thank you. How are you? (B) Pm in the living room. Sample Answer_ (©) My name is John. e © ‘The best response to the question “How are you?" is choice (A), “I'm fine, thank you.” Therefore, you should choose answer (A). * The first word of the question will help you to know what kind of answer is required. What, where, who, why, how—ask for information, Do, does, did, are, is, will, can—usually need a yes/no answer. + Questions that contain “or” and require a choice never have yes/no answers. “Did you stay home or go out last night?” “I went to a movie.” + Sometimes you will hear a statement, not a question. However, it still requi answer. “Thanks for dinner.” “You're welcome.” san + Pay attention to words that sound the same (homonyms). e.g, two, too, to + Look out for tag questions that are added to the end of statements. e.g, “That movie was great, wasn’t it?” + Watch out for indirect answers. Sometimes the answer to a yes/no question does not include the words “yes” or “no.” eg. “Is there enough gas in the car?” “I just filled it yesterday.”(ELEM Short Conversations ‘The directions for Part 3 of the TOEIC* appear on the test as follows: Directions: In this sec! n of the test, you will hear a number of conversations between two people. You will be asked to answer three questions about what is said in each conversation. You must select the best response to each question and mark the letter (A), (B), (C), or (D) on your answer sheet. Each conversation will be spoken only one time and will not be printed in your test book. ‘+ Look at the question before the dialog begins. If you have time, look at the answers as well + While you are listening to the dialog, try to imagine where the speakers are. + Read all the answers before making your choice. ines + Watch out for answers that are true, but not related to the question, Don't answer too quickly. Read all the options before you choose. ‘+ Watch out for distracting numbers. These may include dates, times, and numbers of things or people. Preview the question to help you listen for the right information. EEEZM Short Tatks ‘The directions for Part 4 of the TOEIC* appear on the test as follows: Directions: In this section of the test, you will hear a number of short talks given by a single speaker. Again, you must answer three questions about what is said in each talk. Choose the most appropriate response to each question and mark the letter (A), (B), (©), or (D) on your answer sheet. Each talk will be spoken only one time and will not be printed in your test book. * Listen closely to the introduction preceding the talk. It will tell you the number of the questions related to the talk. It will also tell you what type of information you will hear (news report, weather report, advertisement, recorded message, announcement, etc.). + Try to preview the questions before the talk begins. This will help you listen forthe information required by the questions. © Begin to answer the questions as soon » Watch out for the same traps that are in Parts 1-3. the talk is finished. Don't wait for the speaker. "42 READING TEST In this section of the test, you have a chance to show how well you understand written English. There are three parts to this section, with special directions for each part. Incomplete Sentences The directions for Part 5 of the TOEIC’ appear on the test as follows: Directions: In each question, you will find a word or phrase missing. Four answer choices are given below each sentence. You must choose the best answer to complete the sentence. Then mark the letter (A), (B), (C), or (D) on your answer sheet. Example: Because the equipment is very delicate, it must be handled with — (A) caring (B) careful hens Sample Answer (D) carefully Ge ete The sentence should read, “Because the equipment is very delicate, it must be handled with care.” Therefore, you should choose answer (C). + Don’t worry about spelling, Incorrect spelling is never an option in TOEIC” answers. «© Look at the words on either side of the blank. They can give you clues about what the correct answer is. © Read the whole sentence and understand the meaning before you answer. ‘¢ Watch out for answers with the wrong word form, eg. drove, drives, driving ‘* Watch out for words that use the same beginnings or endings. e.g. return, retire, reuse * Watch out for commonly misused words. e.g. affect/effect, lend/borrowEGE Incomplete Texts The directions for Part 6 of the TOEIC* appear on the test as follows: Directions: Read the text on the following pages. You will find a word or phrase missing in some of the sentences. Below each of the sentences, four answer choices are given. Sclect the most appropriate answer to complete the text. Then mark the letter (A), (B), (©), or (D) on your answer sheet. Example: As of June 15", employees will be to wear full company uniform whenever a. (A) requiring (B) requirement (©) required (D) require they are on company premises. This to all employees who work in areas of 2. (A) considers 5 Sample Answe B) appl ASSrer ee 1®@@O@O (D) implements 2@@8@080 the building accessible by members of the public. The full uniform consists of a white shirt, green pants, and the company tie for men. The sentences should read “As of June 15%, employees will be required to wear full company uniform whenever they are on company premises. This applies to all employees who work in areas of the building accessible by members of the public.” Therefore you should choose answers (C) and (B). + Remember that you are looking for the most appropriate word to fil in the blank. ‘© Read the whole text, not just the words around the blank. Try to get the meaning of the text. © Watch out for repetition and redundancy e.g, keep on continuing, finally at last Watch out for words that don’t belong, e.g. The apples they are fresh. + Pay attention to word form and verb tenses eg, nice/nicely, had gone/has gone 4344 Reading Comprehension ‘The directions for Part 7 of the TOEIC’ appear on the test as follows: Directions: In this part of the test, you will read a selection of texts, such as magazine and newspaper articles, letters, and advertisements. Each text is followed by several questions. Choose the correct answer to each question and mark the letter (A), (B), (©), or (D) on your answer sheet. Read the following example The Grenville Museum Of Technology is a “hands-on” museum, designed for people to experience science at work. Although this kind of museum may be fairly common nowadays, Grenville was the first of its kind in the United States. Visitors are encouraged to use, test, and handle the various objects on display. Special demonstrations are scheduled for the first and second Wednesday of each month at 13:30. The museum is open Tuesday- Friday 12:00-16:30, Saturday 10:00-17:30, and Sunday 11:00-16:30. Admission is $2 for children and $3 for adults. At what times during the month can visitors see special demonstrations? (A) Every weekend (B) The first two Wednesdays Sample Answer (C) One afternoon a week ®eoo (D) Every other Wednesday ‘The reading says that the demonstrations are scheduled for the first and second ‘Wednesdays of the month. Therefore, you should choose answer (B). ‘* As with Part 4, pay attention to the introduction. It will tell you the umber of questions and a hint about the type of information in the passage. ‘* As you read the passage, ask yourself, “Who is it for? Why was it written?” « First, glance quickly through the passage and read the questions. Then, go back to the passage and try to look for the answers to the questions. Many answers use information that appears in the passage. However, they may not directly answer the question. © As with all sections of the TOEIC’, watch out for similar sounding words, confusing numbers, wrong word forms, and words with similar meanings. * Don't be confused by questions that follow these formats: ‘Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the reading? ‘The text refers to all ofthe following EXCEPT... » Simply read the answer choices and find the one that is unfamiliar or incorrect.Present Tense ©2000 0 = Se ere paconmem A. LISTENING (Expression) Listen and write the letter of the statement that best describes the picture Exercise 1 ash, Exercise 2 B. READING (Commonly Confused Words) Choose the correct word to complete each sentence, Exercise 1 1, They walked (though / through) the mud, 2, (Though / Through) it was raining, they went outside. Exercise 2 1, Ihave (already / yet) finished my homework. 2. She has not finished her homework (already / yet). 1. (Sometime / Sometimes), I like to walk in the park. 2, (Sometime | Sometiznes) tomorrow, | will paint the fence. yérer(9)'7 9 @€ wea (41°? umON 1 espi8g ssxte)'y dein te PYONZ PONT Zespiexg Yorou'z fron) Lespieg waz fpeaye"y zospsoxg unawos z _Seumnawos ec aspioxg 15The simple present frequently used with noys sometimes, usualy, often, rarely, hardly, ever, never Present perfect verbs are ‘often used with once, twice, -times, ever, never, finaly, just, already, yet, rece Present progressive verbs are frequently used with this week, today, at the ‘moment, for the time being. curently Stative verbs include ‘know, own, belong, have, like, hate, seem, appesr, hear, smel, taste, see, resemble rp at school at 730 at fist at the target Present Tense 1 2 3 4 Simple present > Use the simple present for routines, habits, or statements that are always true, a) The Earth is round. b) Lusually get up at 7:00 in the morning. > Use the simple present for future events that are certain to take place. a) He comes back tomorrow. b) When does the train leave? IESEY You can also use the present progressive for future events that are certain totake play a) He's coming back tomorrow. Present perfect > Use the present perfect (have/has + past participle) to describe an action that happened in the past, where the time of the action may not necessarily be known. a) Ihave been to the United States. b) We have lived here for twenty years. ¢) John has seen the movie twice. 4) Ihave just finished the project. Present progressive > Use the present progressive (is/are + -ing) for an action that is currently in progress. a) 'm eating lunch right now. b) What are you talking about? BIER stative verbs do not occur in the progressive tense a) T'm having a pen. (X) > I have a pen. b) She's seeing a bird. (X) > She sees a bird. Present perfeet progressive > Use present perfect progressive verbs (has/have been + -ing) for situations that began in the past and are continuing in the present. a) He has been calling her all morning. b) It's been raining here since we arrived. a) He works at night. b) I got up at 6:00 this morning ©) She lives at 123 Main Street. 16 umesChoose the correct word or phrase to complete each sentence. 1. Every moming, I fam going / go) to school at eight o'clock. 2. Mina (studies / has studied) French for ten years. 3. Ihave not (saw / seen) him since 1995. 4. Iam having | have) three dogs. 5. The baby has (been crying / cries) all day. 6. Mr. Gray sometimes (plays / is playing) tennis, 7. Look! A mouse (runs / is running) through the door. 8. What are you (study / studying) at school tomorrow? ©. Have you (finish / finished) your homework yet? 10. Father is (laughing / laughs) at the movie. every morning for ten years since 1995 has, all day sometimes Look! are you, tomorrow have, yet a7Part 1 Picture Description Listen and choose the statement that best describes the picture. ®™ 8 O © 2. “” 8 © O “4 8 O O 4B runesa 8 © O (A) (B) © (0) Part 2 Questions and Responses Listen and choose the correct answer. 1. A) 2. (A) 3. fA) 4. (A) 5. (A) (B) (B) B) (B) (B) oO a 0 0 (0 19Part 3 Short Conversations Listen and choose the correct answer. id What feature does the man mention? (A) The woman's height (©) The woman's face (B) The woman's age (D) The woman's hair What is the woman doing? (A) She is fixing the photocopier. (B) She is using the fax machine. (C) She is making photocopies. (D) She is taking photos. Which sentence is true? (A) Mary doesn’t know the woman. (B) The photocopies are ready. (C) The woman is a new employee. (D) The man wants to make photocopies. a Why does the woman have a headache? (A) The room is very large. (B) The room is dark. {C) The man doesn’t want to work. (D) The woman works too hard. What warning does the man give the woman? (A) She must use less electricity. (B) She should relax more often. (C) She should not use a computer every day. (D) She should tum on the lights. Who had a similar problem? (A) The man (B) The man’s sister-in-law (C) The man's sister (D) The woman's sister 20 sunie+Part 4 Short Talks Listen and choose the best answer to each question. 1. Which of the following takes the longest time to get to the speaker's workplace? (A) The subway (8) The bus (©) The bike (D) The taxi 2. How long does it take the speaker to walk to the subway station? (A) Ten minutes (B) Fifteen minutes (©) Twenty minutes (D) Fifty minutes 3. How does the speaker get to work in the winter? (A) By bus (8) By train (© By taxi (D) By bike 4. What is the woman's job? (A) Designing cakes (B) Making wedding dresses (©) Planning weddings (D) Arranging flowers 5. Why is today an amazing day for the woman? (A) It is the woman's birthday. (B) It is her sister's birthday. (C) It is the woman's wedding. (D) She is planning her sister's wedding. 6. Which of the following is NOT true? (A) The woman designed a cake. (8) The woman will wear a nice dress. (©) The guests will dance. (D) The woman will get married.- Part 5 Incomplete Sentences Choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence. 1. Our family in this city for twenty years. (A) having live (B) is living (©) has lived (D) live 2. Paul and I are ------- to the movies. (A) go (B) going (C) goes (D) gone 3. The car ------- to my uncle. (A) belongs (B) belong (©) are belonging (D) belonging 4. Veat lunch -- school every day. (A) once (B) now (0) twice (D) at 5. The train goes ------- many tunnels. (A) though (B) at (©) through (D) yet 6. She ------- yawns in English class. (A) sometimes (B) already {C) sometime (D) though 7. We -- to London three times. (A) going (B) go (C) have been (D) have went 22 sun10. WW. 12. 13. - The bus ------- every twenty minutes. (A) nun (8) runs (C) are running (D) running ] ------- to watch comedies on TV. (A) liking (B) likes {C) am liking (D) like She ------- on the phone since I came in. (A) has been talking (B) talks (C) talked (D) talking They ------- at two o'clock tomorrow. (A) arrived (B) have arrived (©) are arriving {D) have been arriving I've ------- the book already. (A) will read (B) read (©) reading (D) been read He a lot of money with him. (A) is having (B) has {C) have (D) had had (A) study: (B) been study (C) studies (D) been studying --- for the singer. A) clap (B) claps (©) clapping (D) been claps 23Incomplete Texts Choose the best word or phrase for each blank. Questions 1 through 3 refer to the following memo. To: All employees From: Management der about the next general meeting. There will be a meeting for - 9:30 a.m. on Wednesday, June 25%. {A) on (8) in (©) at (D) by This is a remi employees 1. All employees must attend. Please 2. John Fisher in the payroll office if you (A) notify (B) talk (© repeat (D) speak cannot attend. If you have not told him 3. -------, please tell him before Tuesday (A) now (B) since (©) yet (D) though afternoon. The meeting will be held in the main conference room. 24 suniesQuestions 4 through 6 refer to the following letter. Dear Mrs. Jones, Thank you for your letter of May 15%. I am very sorry that the handle of your new pan broke. I have 4. ------- asked our supplies office to replace your pan. (A) yet (8) soon (C) already (D) ago We 5. ------- every product very carefully, but, as with every large company, (a) buy (B) check (©) sell (D) have a faulty product does pass through. | apologize for the inconvenience. (A) sometime (B) sometimes (C) ever (D) even Please enjoy the $50 gift voucher attached to this letter. I hope you will continue to shop at Headway Hardware. Sincerely, Alex Morgan Quality Control Headway Hardware 25Part 7 Reading Comprehension pe kg Choose the best answer. Questions 1 and 2 refer to the following chart. 26 sume To find the best place to advertise our new soft drink, we asked 100 students, “What do you do on the weekend?" The most popular response was watching movies, with 35 percent choosing this activity. Meeting friends was chosen by 30 percent, making it the second most popular. Next, in third place at 25 percent, was relaxing. Finally, and not surprisingly, the least popular weekend activity, as chosen by 100 students, was studying. Sees movie Mec friends Relax suty What was the most popular response? (A) Seeing a movie (B) Meeting friends (©) Relaxing (D) Studying How many students study on the weekend? (A) 25% (B) 20% (C) 15% (D) 109%.Questions 3 through 5 refer to the following advertisement. Try new and improved Green Mountain Tea. Traditionally grown and hand picked by the folks who have developed tea for centuries, Green Mountain Tea gives you a taste of history. i's delicious, and it's healthy, too. Green Mountain Tea contains more vitamins than any other tea on the market.* Good for colds, headaches, and even stomachaches! One box of fity tea bags is only $5.00. * Note — claim not yet proven through scientific study 3. Which of the following is NOT true? (A) Green Mountain Tea is delicious. (B) Green Mountain Tea is good for toothaches. (©) Green Mountain Tea is good for headaches. (D) Green Mountain Tea is new. 4. How many tea bags are in one box? (A) Twelve (B) Twenty (© Fifteen (D) Fifty a How much does it cost for one tea bag? (A) $5.00 (B) $0.50 (C) $0.10 (D) $1.00Questions 6 through 9 refer to the following chart and letter. Peter's Diet (kilograms) sao lit Febe_ Mat Apr. May Jun. Jul Auge Sop. Oct_Nov._ Dee roof “100 ae - Oa 60 BBs ‘wo 0 20 At the beginning of the year, I decided to lose weight. In January and February, I began swimming twice a week in order to burn off some calories. In May, I spent a week in Mexico and gained back some of this lost weight by eating too many tacos. In the summer, I began eating more vegetables instead of meat. Twelve months later, I feel quite satisfied with my weight loss. 6. How much did Peter weigh in May? (A) 98 kg (B) 95 kg (O93 kg (D) 90 kg How much did Peter weigh at the end of the year? (A) 110 kg {B) 40 kg (C) 60 kg (D) 75 kg 8. How often did Peter go swimming? (A) Twice a week (B) January (©) For two months (D) For twelve months Where did Peter gain weight? {A) At the gym (B) In May (Q) In Mexico (D) On his coffee break 28 sumsPast Tense 0000 0 A. LISTENING (Transactions) Listen and write the letter of the statement that best describes the picture. Exercise 1 || BS » doysty) » vom (oy'€ SX 57 Mes @L 1 2. 3. 4 Lospi0xg Exercise 2 uno (9)°2 wimay ty) 1 zaspexg Lei a pur > aeUS("E 2. 3. 4. 1. . B. READING (Commonly Confused Words) Choose the correct word to complete each sentence. Exercise 1 1. George (borrowed / lent) some money from the bank. 2, Will you (borrow / lend) me a pen? Pesi(a) 2 awouiegh 1 oepiong Exercise 2 1. He has a(n) (appointment / promise) this aftemoon. eater: 2, The politician made a(n) (appointment / promise) to the people pom to cut taxes. Zz espiong 1, I will never (get used to / used to) the cold weather here. 2. She (is used to / used to) live by the sea when she was young. SE= El Se osprey 29inthe evening inspring in the box ina month Past Tense 1. Simple present > Use the simple past tense for an action that was finished in the past. a) We went shopping yesterday. b) Columbus discovered America in 1492. ¢) Lent you fifty dollars two days ago. 4) She ate dinner before we went to the movie. Od ted or occurred regularly for an action th a) Lused to play soccer with my friends when I was young. b) I would listen to music while studying for final exams in high school. jere repeated, though irrequiai 2. Past perfeet > Use the past perfect tense (had + past participle) for an action that occurred before a certain point in the past. a) She had bought the book before I met her. b) He had been to Oxford twice before I went there. TEE before can be user in a simple past and past perfect senten a) I cleaned the house before she visited. (= I cleaned the house because I knew she would visit.) b) [had cleaned the house before she visited. (=I cleaned the house, and, by coincidence, she visited after I had cleaned) Past progressive > Use the past progressive tense (was/were + -ing) for an action that was in progress when a second past action took place (or when a second past action was also in progress.) a) When Jackie got there, Steve was waiting for her. b) While I was taking a bath, Sally was using the computer. 4. Hast petlect progressive > Use the past perfect progressive tense (had been + -ing) to show an action that was in progress for a known length of time and was still in progress when some other action occurred, a) He said he had been doing his homework since six o'clock. b) They had been cleaning the room for an hour already when 1 walked i In a) 1 used to live in a house. b) He went to Austria in 2002. ) She'll arrive in an hour. 30 )unn2Choose the correct word or phrase to complete each sentence. ax 1. He didn’t go shopping because he (is / was) sick. didn't go 2. Mr. Lee (have sold / sold) his house two months ago. two months ago 3. I {took / was taking) a shower when the phone rang, ‘when the phone rang 4. (used to / am used to) play in the park when I was when | was young young. 5. He (finished / finish) the work before I got there. before | got there 6. Shirley (had been waiting / waited) for twenty minutes when he arived when he arrived. 7. While I was talking on the phone, she (was reading / white reads) magazines. 8. Jenny said she had already (return / returned) the aeady movie. 2. He (borrowed / had borrowed) money from me three three days ago days ago. He (had been waiting / waited) in the station since 2:00 since when the train finally arrived. a4Part 1 Picture Description Listen and choose the statement that best describes the picture. “A 8 © O 2. @ 8 © © “™ 8 © © 32 sun 2“~ 8 © O 5. “”™ 8 © © Part 2 Questions and Responses Listen and choose the correct answer, 1. A 8 © 2 () 8 © 3 fA) 8 © » A) 8) © (A) (8) (C 33Part 3 Short Conversations 34 sunita Listen and choose the correct answer. 1, Which sentence is true? (A) The man and woman were classmates. (8) The man and woman have met before. (© The man and woman have never met before. (D) The woman wants to buy some shoes. 2. Where did the man and woman meet first? (A) In his shoe store (B) In the woman's house (CQ) In the man’s house (D) In a department store 3. What did the man use to do? (A) He worked in a department store. (B) He owned his own store, (CQ) He was an actor. {D) He had a lot of shoes. 4. Which sentence is true? (A) The man was in his office all day. {B) The man missed a meeting. (C) The man met Eric. (D) The man made a phone call. 5. Why was the man late? (A) He woke up late. (B) He had car trouble. {C) The traffic was bad. (D) His watch was broken. 6. What will the man probably do next? (A) Take the subway (B) Telephone Eric (C) Call the woman (D) Take a breakPart 4 Short Talks Listen and choose the best answer to each question. 1. How often does this company have a staff picnic? (A) Every month (8) Every year (©) Twice a year (D) Every Christmas 2. Which of the following will NOT be available at the picnic? (A) A barbecue (B) Drinks (©) Games (D) A movie 3. Which prizes are mentioned? (A) A holiday and a CD player (B) A DVD player and a CD player (C) A DVD player and a holiday (D) A holiday and a television 4. Why does the speaker want to be a doctor? (A) To help sick people {B) To eam lots of money (C) To work in a hospital (D) To study at university 5. How long was the speaker's mother in the hospital? (A) One week (B) Two weeks (©) Three weeks (D) Four weeks 6. What does the speaker say about being a doctor? (A) It’s expensive. (B) His mother is a doctor. (© It’s hard work. (D) You don’t have to study much,=n en 5 incomplete Sentences 36 1 Unit? Choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence. ‘1. When | arrived at my aunt's home, she ------- her kitchen floor. (A) was sweeping (B) sweep (©) had sweeping (0) sweeps 2. His dog ------- outside in the rain all day yesterday. (A) has been (B) was been (©) been (0) was 3. I------- about the funny story before he told me. (A) have heard (B) had heard {©) hear (D) was hearing 4. Joseph told me he ------- his project. (A) already finishes (8) finishing {C) had already finished (D) had been already finishing 5. It for two days when I arrived in town. (A) rained (B) rains {C) has been raining (D) had been raining 6. She ------- to Canada on Saturday. (A) flying (8) has flying (C) is flying (D) has been flying 7. My teacher told us that the school ------- in 1946, (A) was building (B) was built (©) has been built (0) is built8. He sometimes ---—-—~ money from his parents. (A) lend {B) borrow (©) lends (D) borrows 9. She always -~ the expensive shoes. (A) try on (B) tries on (©) trying on (D) had tried on 10. Lynn —------ her dog when I saw her in the park. (A) was walking {B) walked (© have been walking (D) walking Wed ~ very angry yesterday, so I didn’t talk to him. (a) am (B) had been (©) have been (D) was 12. Yesterday, I met a friend, saw a movie, and home late. (A) coming (B) have come (©) came (D) had come 13. There used to be ten students ------~ my class. (A) at (B) on © to (0) in 14, The traffic is very heavy, but I think we'll get there - (A) before (8) on (©) ago (0) in six o'clock. 15. The robbers -~ - the money when the police arrived. (A) count (8) counting (©) are counting (D) were counting 37Choose the best word or phrase for each blank. Questions 1 through 3 refer to the following email. To: david_brian@[Link] From: ephughes@[Link] Re: Cancellation of Appointments Dear Mr. Brian, You 1. ------- not come to your appointment on January 5*. In the future, please let us (A) were (B) had (©) did (D) are know if you need to cancel 2. -- . Please try to call at least five hours before your (A) a promise (B) a meeting (©) an appointment (D) an arrangement appointment time, so that we can give it to another 3. -~ ~ Thank you for your (A) patience (B) patients (C) patient (D) patent assistance. Sincerely, Everett Hughes 38 runsQuestions 4 through 6 refer to the following notice. New Opening Hours Sun Valley Shopping Mall customers: please note our new opening hours. As you know, we 4. open at 8.30 a.m, on weekdays, and at 10 a.m. on (A) are used to (B) used to (©) had to (D) wanted to weekends. 5. ------- January 31%, we are opening at 10 a.m. every day. Last year, (A) On (B) At (Q) In | \ | | | | | | | | (0) From | | we had few customers before 10 a.m., so we decided to change our hours. We are sony for this change, but 6, ------- that shopping at the mall will be even more fun. (A) say (B) try on (©) promise (D) let Look out for some special events and offers coming soon! 39Choose the best answer. Questions 1 and 2 refer to the following advertisement. nore R@eriteriicg rene a Oe MC ay MH Pentium 4 — only 3 years old ‘Includes 19-inch LCD | sound speakers, and a monitor, 40X CD/DVD super-fast wireless Internet combination drive, 256MB | connection. of memory, and a 40-GB | Can be yours for only $350. hard drive. Call Steve at 568-1974 (after * Comes with a color printer- 6:00 p.m.) or at 574-4791 scanner combo, surround | (from 9:00 a.m.-5:00 p.m.). 1, How old is the computer? (A) Four years old (B) Three years old (©) Two years old (D) One year old 2. What is offered with the computer? (A) A monitor {B) A telephone (©) A refrigerator (D) A desk 40 1 uneQuestions 3 through 5 refer to the following advertisement. i a lolnllUsel-ia gfelti=} ~____ Summer Special Offer! - That's right, we've brought back our annual Summer Special Offer here at Hamburger House. Buy Iwo juicy hamburgers => get one hamburger free! Buy two giant cheeseburgers <> get one cheeseburger and one drink free! Cool off with a Mountain Milkshake (Caramel ‘or Raspberry] for only $1.50 or a Glacier Sundae (Blueberry or Double Chocolate) for only $2.50. The Summer Special Offer will last all summer, from June I¥ to August 31"! 3. Ifyou buy two giant cheeseburgers, what do you get free? (A) Two hamburgers and a drink (B) One cheeseburger and one drink (C) Two cheeseburgers and a drink (D) One cheeseburgers and two drinks 4. How long does the offer last? (A) All year {B) All month (C) Three months (D) Three weeks 4 j 5. How often does this special offer happen? (A) Every year (B) Once a month (C) Not very often (D) Twice a year aQuestions 6 through 9 refer to the following advertisement and email. Hong Kong next summer. The fecher must come for one hour on Monday, Wednesday, and Thursday evenings. We have some background in Chinese vocabulary and | grammar, so we need to focus our classes on writing and conversation. We are willing ||) to pay $20 an hour to the right person. Email Deb at chinafan@[Link]. To: chinafan@[Link] From: lilywong@[Link] Subject: Tutor Date: August 30° Dear Deb, 1am a Chinese teacher from Hong Kong. I am now a student here in New Zealand. 1 taught Chinese in my home country, so [ have a lot of experience. I am free every evening. I am very interested in meeting you and your family. Wanted: Private Chinese Tutor My husband, two children, and I need a Chinese teacher because we are moving to Please call me on 09-993-444 Lily Wong 6. Who wrote the advertisement? (A) The husband (B) The wife (C) The children (D) The teacher 7. Why do they need a teacher? {A) They are moving to another country. (B) They are taking a trip to Hong Kong. {C) They are Chinese. (D) They have two children. 8. How much do they want to pay per week? {a) $20 (8) $30 (©) $40 (0) S60 9. What did Lily Wong do before she moved to New Zealand? (A) She was a student. (8) She was a teacher. (C) She was free every evening. (D) She lived in Hong Kong. AZ) unin?bi erunds. / Infinitives O00 6 te Fe Vocabulary A. LISTENING (Leisure 1) Listen and write the letter of the statement that best describes the picture. Exercise 1 fela'y — wws (6) € aon te) 2 apres CL PHONY DEW Cae ved i)'2 —-mou(a"L Ro 8 2 ~ __B. READING (Commonly Confused Words) det Choose the correct word to complete each sentence. Lt Exercise 1 1, Soccer is (fun / funny) to play. fay’? wt 2. The comedian is (fun | funny). : Exercise 2 1. Would you (mind / remind) rowing for a while? 2. Please (mind / remind) me to stretch before I exercise. pues? pot Exercise 3 i 1. Sue (gets on / takes) the bus to school. 2. Hold my books while I help the lady (get on | take) the bus. vows 2 saya 43Grammar Focus Gerunds / Infinitives 1. Use the -ing form after the following verbs: avoid, deny, enjoy, finish, give up. mind, spend. a) I enjoyed working at the restaurant. ») Finally, she gave up smoking. Use @ to-infinitive after the following verbs: agree, decide, expect, fail, hope, want, a) He agreed to join our soccer team. b) I want to travel to the moon some day. Use a to-infinitive after the following verbs plus their objects: expect, tell, want, would like. a) My boss told me to finish the project by next Monday. b) She asked her husband to stop smoking. 4. Use the -ing form after the following verb phrases: look forward to, get used to, object to, can’t help, can’t stand, a) Took forward to hearing from you soon, b) We can’t help having more cookies. They're delicious! 5. After the following verbs, the to-infimitive and -ing forms have the same meaning: begin, hate, like, prefer, start. a) It began to rain. = It began raining. bf b) 1 like to ride a bike. = 1 like riding a bike. { 6. After the following verbs, the to-infinitive and -ing forms have i different meanings: try, remember, forget. a) He remembered to call his friend. b) He remembered calling his friend. Use the ~ing form when using go + verb constructions with the following verbs: camp, hunt, skate, dance, jos, swin. a) All our class went camping last weekend. b) T would like to go fishing this Saturday. Use only the -ing form after a preposition. a) They talked about studying together. ‘b) [am interested in traveling to France. from my grandmother From fom lea a) I got a watch from my father. from the start b) Peter got back from his trip to Hong Kong. ©} We work from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. 44 sune9Pe ee ac Choose the correct word or phrase to complete each sentence. 1. We gave up (going / to go) on a picnic because of the heavy rain. 2. He asked her (helping / to help) him with his homework. e James wanted {traveling / to travel) to Europe by himself. 4. They look forward to (seeing | see) their son next month. 5. I'm planning to go (swimming | to swim) with my friend Bill tomorrow. 6. Please remind me (buying / to buy) some milk. 7. Janet spent $200 (buying / buy) a new cell phone. 8. Would you like me (getting / to get) something to eat on my way back from work? 9. My father has recently stopped (smoking / to smoke) due to his health problems. 1.0. These days, you can buy almost anything without (going / to go) to the store. ‘gave up asked, him wanted look forward 10 remind spent lke stopped withoutPart 1 Picture Description . 7 Listen and choose the statement that best describes the picture. «~ 8 © ©) 2. “a 6 oO O “~ 6 © O(A) (B) © (0) ay) B) © (D) Part 2 Questions and Responses Listen and choose the correct answer, yperen (A) ) (A) (a) (a) 6) 8) (8) ®) (8) oO Oo {0 ie ©4B ons Part 3 Short Conversations Listen and choose the correct answer. 1. What are the man and woman discussing? (A) Anew car (8) Their manager (C) New curtains (D) A meeting 2. What color did the manager select? (A) Green and yellow {B) Yellow (© Blue {D) Green 3. Why does the man think it is a good idea? (A) The curtains will make the room look brighter. (B) The room will be less stressful. (©) Blue curtains are less expensive. {D) The room will look bigger. 4. What is the woman doing? (A) Searching for something on her desk {B) Looking for something (© Drinking coffee (D) Looking for someone 5. Where does the man think the glasses are? (A) At home {B) On the woman's desk ()In the woman's car (D) In the kitchen 6. What does the woman remember? (A) The man's birthday (B) Where she left her car (©) That her glasses are in her car (D) That her keys are on her desk3 PPR rsserts - ; Sas Listen and choose the best answer to each question. | 1. Why was the concert postponed? (A) Flooding (B) Not enough seats (C) Damaged lights (D) A sick singer 2. How much would five tickets cost? (A) One hundred dollars (B) Fifty dollars (OQ Twenty dollars (D) Two hundred dollars 3. How many tickets in total are available? (A) 500 (B) 200 (©) 400 (D) 1000 4. Which three languages is the speaker studying? (A) English, Spanish, and German (B) Spanish, German, and French (C) French, English, and German (D) English, Spanish, and French 5. Why does the speaker have a lot of chances to speak Spanish? (A) ‘The speaker is French. (B) The speaker went to Spain on a vacation. (©) The speaker is Spanish. (D) The speaker has a Spanish-speaking friend, Which language is the most difficult for the speaker? (A) English (B) French (©) Spanish (0) GermanChoose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence. 1. We all look forward - (A) to see (B) to seeing (©) will see (D) like seeing --- you very soon. 2. She enjoys -—------ in her free time. (A) swim (B) to swim (©) swims (0) swimming 3. 1 ------- you to clean your room yesterday. (A) remind (8) reminded (C) mind (D) minded 4. Last weekend, we went horseback --- on the farm. {A) ride (B) rode (0 riding (D) ridden 5. My back is sore because I forgot ~ ~ before I exercised. {A) to stretch. (B) stretching {C) stretched (D) stretch 6. My wife ------- work at the GoodAll Company. (A) was: {B) used to (C) was accustomed to (D) interested in 7. The actress was tired of -- ~ autographs. (A) sign @) signature (©) signs (©) signing 50 suns"Part 6 Incomplete Texts re “s Choose the best word or phrase for each blank. Questions 1 through 3 refer to the following message. 52 Unie Message Jane, Frank Green called while you were out. He wants you to 1. ------- him back as soon (a) tell B) say (© call (D) yell as you get this 2. - He has met with the employees, and he would like to (A) ad (B) writing (©) document (D) message -- the schedule for the staff sports day. He says he has some good ideas. He (A) talk. (B) discuss (C) speech (D) speak is looking forward to talking to you.Questions 4 through 6 refer to the following email. To: bestdresses@[Link] From: Alice Carter Subject: Delivery Date: August 2 Hi Sally, 1 just wanted you to know about the delivery of cotton for the dresses you are making. I'm sorry for the delay, but it is now ready to 4, ------- . It will arrive about (A) buy (B) lend (©) send (D) make 1 pam. on Friday, August 6%. I 5. ------- to the supplier, but he denied receiving the (A) complained (B) suggested (©) returned (0) telephoned | order. In fact, I had to place the order again, but this time there were no problems. Please let me know if it does not arrive on Friday. I hope you are 6. ------- the (A) fun, (B) amusing {© pleasure (D) enjoying summer weather. Sincerely, |. Allee Carter 53Choose the best answer. Questions 1 and 2 refer to the following note. Andrea, This note is just to remind you of what needs to be done today. I'm very busy from early this morning until late in the afternoon, so I don't have time to do all this. 1. Wash the cor 2. Mail this letter 3. Pay the gas bill 4, Pick up my clothes from the dry cleaners 5. Return the videos we watched last night 6. Make a pizza for dinner tonight Thanks so much! Casey 1. Where will Andrea probably NOT go? (A) To the post office (B) To the theater (© To the dry cleaner {D) To the car wash 2. Why does Casey ask Andrea to do these things? (A) Because he's tired (B) Because he's sick (©) Because he's not home (D) Because he’s busy 54.1 unnQuestions 3 through 5 refer to the following chart. Name Height John 178 om | Andy Scott 175m 781om Bil | 179 cm _ John and his three friends decided to join the army. When they went to the army office, the army doctor began checking their height and weight. John was a bit embarrassed because he was thin and weighed only 65 kg. ‘Andy was also embarrassed because he was the shortest. After the doctor's check up, the boys began training. 3. Who checked their height? (A) John (©) The doctor 4. Who was embarrassed? (A) John and Scott (©) Andy and the doctor (A) Because John was sick (B) Because they were sick (B) Andy (0) Bil (8) Bill and Scott (0) Andy and John Why did John and his friends go for a check up? (©) Because they wanted to join the army (D) Because John is a doctorQuestions 6 through 9 refer to the following poster and email. JOIN OUR CLUB! Do you like to act, sing, and dance? Would you like to meet a new group of friends as dramatic as you are? If so, then please join our performers’ club. We meet every Wednesday evening from seven o'clock to nine o'clock at the Clark City Community Center. We can promise you a great night! Everyone is welcome. We look forward to seeing you there! Email us at performclub@[Link]. To: performclub@[Link] From: MGreen@[Link] Subject: Performers’ Club Date: September 13 I would like to join the performers’ club because I love singing, acting, and dancing, However, | am worried that my singing and dancing are not good enough. Is it OK to join even if ! am not very good? Please let me know. Thank you, Mary Green 6. Who can join the performers’ club? (A) Anyone {B) Only men (© Only women (D) No one 7. How long do club meetings last? (A) Once a week (8) Two hours (© At seven o'clock (D) On Wednesday evening 8. How often do they meet? (A) Every day (B) Three times a week (©) Twice a week (0) Once a week 9. Why is Mary Green worried? (A) She can't find the community center. (B) She is not a good singer. (©) She is very dramatic. (D) She is not good at meeting new people. 56 Junta SeSubject - Verb Agreement O060 4 aistliccid ania Ai A, LISTENING (Work) Listen and write the letter of the statement that best describes the picture, Exercise 1 g rami wanctat oS a 5009) 7 pina te denn('Z — >OM @)'T 1 Losi Exercise 2 ack. (a) y sowed te 9425 (0) 2 aMsean (@"L Ro 3. 4 Z ospaoxg B. READING (Commonly Confused Words) Choose the correct word to complete each sentence. Exercise 1 a ; 1. He finished his homework (by / until) ten o'clock. june fas = 4 2. She worked (by / until) nine o'clock last night. | espuexg, BE: Exercise 2 i+ 1, [ fell asleep (during / for) the movie. . “bung ia 2, She will stay in Europe (during | for) two weeks. me re 1, The boss is the (employce / employer). 2. The worker is the (employee / employer). solo? foysua 87Subject-Verb Agreement a singular i © plural ee £ is / has are / have fe ALS ec wali amet ‘more than one a group of, kinds of 1 many a a few, several if many, both all of, most of 1 st 1. Use singular verbs after the names of countries and (singular) Lt subjects that finish with -s. | Ge Phappincs: 1a) The United States has a population of over 265 million people. the United Nations, ) Mathematics is my favorite subject. ‘oneness ) Physics has been studied for many centuries. 2. Use plural verbs after the following: any of, some of, all of, | many, the rest of, a lot of, a number of, several. alot a) A number of my friends are from China. f is os a tot 'b) Many countries have joined the European Union. ‘ a number of, several } Several cars were damaged in the accident. | 3. Use either a singular or plural verb after the following nouns: i jury, class, team, family, society. The meaning of the noun is, Jury, cls, team, fay, dependent on the form of the verb used, society a) The jury has made a decision, 1b) The class are ready for their exam, tosea tothe bathroom a) He walked to school. to the front to the reporter ) I work from nine to five. ©) We don’t know the answer to this problern. 5B yumeGrammar Exercises Choose the correct word or phrase to complete each sentence. am 1. Simon and I (am / are) going to the park this aftemoon. Simon and 2. Can you finish cleaning the house (until | by) seven finish leaning o'clock? 3. Peter and Sally (have / has) red bicycles. Peter and Sally 4. The Philippines (are / is) made up of many islands. “The Philippines 5. Late some food (for / during) the party. 6, Three hundred dollars (is / are) a lot of money. Three hundred dolar, money 7. A number of students in the class (has / have) cell A number of students phones. 8. After school, I met my friends (at / to) the park. ret, the park 9. Lhave (been / was) here for two hours. 10. Some of the fish (were / was) sick. Some of the fishPart 1 Picture Description Listen and choose the statement that best describes the picture. € 8 © © 2. ) 8) © O) @ 8 © © 60 sues) 8 © ©) 5. “~ 8) © © Part 2 Questions and Responses Listen and choose the correct answer. 1 4) 8 © 2 4) B) © 3 A 8 © 4 W BO a 8 © eoListen and choose the correct answer. 1, What does the man want to do? (A) Use the computer (B) Break the computer (©) Fix the computer (D) Buy the computer 2, What can't the woman do? (A) Use a computer (B) Save documents (©) Sell computers (D) Find a computer 3. What does the woman have tomorrow? (A) A meeting (B) A big project (C) A business lunch (D) A presentation 4. Where are the man and woman? (A) Ina library (B) At the movies (© Ata train station (D) Ata travel agency a What does the man want? (A) A ticket to New York (B) A more expensive ticket (C) A ticket to Los Angeles (D) A tain ticket ©. What is the problem? (A) The man is sick. (B) The ticket is too expensive. (©) There are no more tickets. (D) The man lost his ticket. 62 sumeE E E Part 4 Short Talks = Seg Listen and choose the best answer to each question. 1. What time will the flight now be leaving at? (A) At 6:00 (B) At 7:00 (©) At7a15 (D) At 7:50 2. At what gate do the passengers now have to leave from? (A) 234 (B) 324 (C) 228 (D) 22A 3. Where is the flight traveling? (A) From Ireland to Spain (B) From Spain to Iceland {C) From Iceland to Spain {D) From Spain to Ireland 4. Where is the bear? (A) To the people's left (B) To the people's right (C) Behind the people (D) Above the people 5. Which is closest to King’s age? (A) Five years {B) Seven years (C) Ten. years {D) Sixteen years How many bears do they have at Funland? (A) Nine (B) Eleven (C) Seven (D) Ten 63Part 5 Incomplete Sentences Choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence. 1. [have worked for my ------- for two years. (A) employee (B) apply (C) employer (D) work 2. Where you yesterday? I waited for thirty minutes! (A) was (B) have (C) were (D) is 3. Thurt my leg --~---- the soccer match, (a) by (8) over (C) been (D) during 4. 1 got up this morning -~ {A) on (B) in (C) from {D) at seven o'clock. 5. It’s raining. Could you ~ ~ me your umbrella? (A) borrow (B) until (C) lend (D) remind 6. We like ------- at parties. (A) to dance (8) to dancing (C) dance (D) have dance 7. The students, as well as the teacher, --~ -- happy about the test results, (A) was (B) are (C) is (D) has 64 suns10. i. 12. 13. 14, - During the day, they —~ ~ I went to the city - --- time to finish the work. (A) doesn't have (B) not have {C) didn't have (D) don't to the doctor because I was sick. (B) walk. (D) went ~ people are not happy with the class. (A) Most of (B) Every (C) Many a (D) A number of Thave to finish ------- seven o'clock. (A) during (B) by (C) until {(D) on Alll of the food ~ -- prepared by seven. (A) were (B) has (C) have (D) was All of the people there {A) were (C) be It took a lot of -. ~ to find the Titanic. (A) afford (B) effort (C) strong (D) fewer (A) by (B) for (C) before (D) through 6sPart 6 Incomplete Texts a Pit = aR rot eb ae eh Choose the best word or phrase for each blank. Questions 1 through 3 refer to the following memo. Memo To: All employees From: Jason Irving Re: Free presentation There will be a free 7 in the large conference room on January 15%, Gregory (A) present (B) presentation (©) representative (D) representation Souza, from the personnel department, will be 2. ------- about his new book. All (A) speech (8) telling (©) speaking (D) talk employees are welcome to 3. . All participants will receive a complimentary (A) attend (B) attentive (C) attending (D) attendant copy of his book, which deals with problems and solutions of working in a company. 66 1unnsQuestions 4 through 6 refer to the following letter. Woodworks 23 Culver Lane Westford 12034 Alice Bums 934 Garden Highway Fremont Dear Ms. Burns, Thank you for your recent enquiries about “Woodworks.” Woodworks 4. -- (A) are (B) be (©) is (0) has asmall family-owned company. We are in our sixth year of business. We specialize in hand-carved pieces. We 5. local wood and make sure three trees are planted (A) uses (B) use (©) used to (D) using to replace every tree we use. Woodworks has its own forest, and all of our products are made from trees that grow there. As you say, we are a little expensive. However, we make a unique, high-quality product. Every piece we make is designed individually. It takes about six months to make 6. ------- of our products. Of course, (A) every (B) everyone (C) each (D) anyone this costs a lot of money. Please enjoy the enclosed catalog, Sincerely, Emma RichardsChoose the best answer. Questions 1 and 2 refer to the following advertisement. For Sale Used car ~ Daewoo Nubira (five years old) New CD player and tires. Color ~ green Only $3000 Call Linda at (212) 917-7282 between 9 a.m. — 6 p.m. For Sale Nissan Primera (six years old) Some damage. Needs new doors. Color — black and purple $1500 Call John at (214) 873-6582 A op nll 1. What are these advertisements for? (A) To sell new cars (B) To sell old cars (C) To buy new cars (D) To buy old cars 2. How old is the Nissan? (A) Two years old (B) Three years old (C) Five years old (D) Six years old 6B suns eeQuestions 3 through 5 refer to the following advertisement. Do you want to learn to play the guitar? Now, you can do it in just one week! For only $35, you can get our new book with two CDs. Learn to play the guitar quickly in your own home. Ifyou are interested in lessons, we have classes at our school three times a week, from 7 pm. ~ 9 p.m. Our hwo experienced teachers have been teaching the guitar for over ten years. For more information, call Michael at 335-4287. 3. What do you get for $35? (A) A book (B) One teacher (C) A book and two CDs (D) A guitar 4. How long have their teachers been teaching for? (A) Five years (B) Two years (C) Ten years (D) Three years 5. How often does the school have guitar classes? (A) Once a week (B) Twice a week (© Two hours (D) Three times a week 69Questions 6 through 9 refer to the following letters. Dear Jenny, T's been a long time since I last saw you. A lot has happened since then. I got a new job working at a toy company. It’s more interesting than my old job at the post office. Taso got a new apartment. It's rice and big If you have time, you 1, so you could visit me should come visit me soon. I have a vacation next month ‘then, Call me soon! Love, Sarah Dear Sarch, Tt was great to get your letter. My classes are going well, ond I got an A in every subject this semester. The winter vacation starts next month, I have to find a part-time job, so I won't have much free time. Maybe I will have more time during the summer vacation to visit you. Tl call you next week. Take care, Jenny Where does Sarah work now? {A) Ata restaurant (B) In an apartment (C) Ata toy company (D) At the post office When does Sarah have a vacation? (A) In one week (B) In one month (C) In three months (D) Next year What does Sarah ask Jenny to do? (A) Call her (B) Work at the post office (C) Go to the toy company (D) Get a new apartment Which of the following is probably NOT true? (A) Jenny will visit Sarah next month, (B) Jenny is a student. (©) Jenny and Sarah are friends. (D) Sarah likes her new job. 70 sunsLbb 5 L 4 |. L t + Auxiliaries : \ 0000 G A, LISTENING (Communication 1) Listen and write the letter of the statement that best describes the picture Exercise 1 f ni Zs masory mpio'e o-_ M2 — MS@ 1 4 1 ospiexg Exercise 2 sodsun(o)'y yeads we - a PAOZ LOT 1. 2. 3. 4, Tesping B. READING (Commonly Confused Words) Choose the correct word to complete each sentence. Exercise 1 1, It's raining, (Bring / Take) an umbrella when you leave. faq oe 2, Please (bring / take) your sister when you come to my party. Leasing Exercise 2 1, What (advice / advise) can you give me? 2. I'd (advice / advise) you to save some money. asnpe2 ape cos Exercise 3 1, She (said / told) hello to him. 2. He (said | told) her to be quiet. pore pest ec aping‘can, could, may, might, + —| will, would, shall, should, | must ‘ought to, have to, beable to 3. et oe Ei 4 t 4 | 4 - Li | 5 Auxilia S 1. Auxiliaries a) 1 should do my homework now. b) I can help you clean the car. Semi-auxiliaries Tam able to dance very well. Differences between auxiliaries and other verbs > Auxiliary verbs are followed by the basic form of a verb. You must (clean / te-clean /-cleans} your room now. > Auxiliary verbs are NOT used with to-infinitives.. I would like to (be able to / eax) speak English. > Auxiliary verbs do not agree with the subject in number. John (can / cans) swim very well. > To negate an auxiliary verb, add “not” after it. 1 (will not /-don't-wit) attend the meeting. > Itis possible to delete verb phrases after an au they are repeated. a) John will come to the party and so will Marta, b) George can play the guitar, but Larry can’t. ¢) “like apples.” "So do I.” Making negative and interrogative sentences Auxiliaries Negative sentences Interrogative sentences can cannot Can you ~? ought to ought not to Ought you to ~? had better had better not = have to do not have to Do you have to ~? be going to bbe not going to ‘Are you going to used to id not use to Did you use to ~? ‘would rather ‘would rather not ‘Would you rather ~? Use would and could instead of will and can for proposals. (Would / #8) you like to have some coffee? | & By bybus - by tomorrow a) Twent to school by subway. by acing ») You have to finish it by next week Someone A A 5 bythe door c) We can improve our English by practicing. 72 runs eeGrammar Exercises Choose the correct word or phrase to complete each sentence. lL 6 10. I could (clean | cleaned) the room for you. David practices English every day to (can | be able to) speak it fluently. Linda (can / cans) skate really well. ‘We (ought to not / ought not to) eat too much. You'd better (taking a / take a) good rest after hiking. (Will / Would) you care for something to drink? You had (not better / better not) keep the plants outside during winter. Karen can play the flute really well and (so can / so does) Lars. ‘We (will not / don't will) go to the meeting tomorrow morning. ‘They (don't have to / have not to) submit the report by Friday. could to skate You'd better hhad better can playCreer Listen and choose the statement that best describes the picture. (4) 8) © 2. 4) 8 © O “™ 8 © O 74 sums(A) a) 8 © 0 8 © © os Part 2 Questions and Responses Listen and choose the correct answer, | lL ow } 2. (A) 3. (A) 4. (A) 5. a) ®) 8) 6) 8) ®) © oO © oO o 75Listen and choose the correct answer. 1, Where does the woman want to go? (A) To the library {B) To the post office {C) To the bookstore {D) Next door 2. How long will it take to walk there? (A) No more than ten minutes (B) Fifteen minutes (CQ) One hour (D) At least ten minutes 3. When does the woman need to be in the city center? (A) In half an hour (8) In sixty minutes (© In two hours (D) In forty minutes 4, Where is the man going? (A) To work {B) To school (©) To the store (D) To a funeral 5. What does the woman want? (A) Chinese food {B) A book (©) Some eggs (D) Some milk 6. How many kinds of items will the man bring home? {A) One {B) Two (C) Three (D) Four 76 snTeel Listen and choose the best answer to each question, lh Why does the man like his job? (A) Itis very easy. (B) He works short hours. (©) He likes his co-worker. (D) It doesn’t feel like a job to him. 2. What kind of place does the person want to sing in? (A) Ina bar (B) In a restaurant (©) In the theater (0) In the park 3. Who does the man sing with? (A) Bis cousin (B) His father {©) His brother (D) His friend 4. Who is this ad aimed at? (A) People with new cell phones (B) People with old computers (C) People with old cell phones (D) People with new computers 5. When will this sale take place? (A) On Monday (B) On Wednesday (©) On Thursday (D) On the weekend 6. What would you be if you missed this sale? (A) Angry (C) Sleepy (B) Sad (D) CrazyPart 5 Incomplete Sentences — a Choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence. 1. The game ------- finish in two hours. (A) will (B) want (©) ought (D) have to 2. I'd better ------- to bed now to get up early in the morning, (A) go (8) going (©) to go (D) went 3. Ifyou are sick, you ------- go to school. (A) should not (B) may (©) would (D) ought to not 4. The airplane ------- at 3:30 p.m. (A) arrive (8) arriving (©) is arrive (D) arrives 5. Could you ------- me my red sweater, please? (A) take (B) advise (C) borrow (D) bring 6. You ------- cross the road yet. (A) ought not to (B) not ought to (©) ought to not (D) don’t ought to 7. We would ~~ out. It’s freezing outside. (A) not rather go (B) rather not go (©) not rather to go (D) rather not to go 7B) unis eRe ero8. We have ------- solved the problem. (A) already. (8) could (©) yet (D) can 9. This time next year, she will ------- play the piano very well. (A) can (8) should (©) be able to (D) ought to 10. Every morning, I meet my friend the way to school. (A) on (B) to (©) from (0) in VW. - you like coffee or tea? (A) Would (B) Could (©) Should {D) Will 12. Would you like ------- with me? (A) to go shopping {B) to shopping (©) shopping to (D) shop to go 13. What did she ------- you to do? (A) say (B) speak (Q) advice (D) tell 14. We will get there ------- a few minutes. (A) in (8) on (© at (D) by 15. Tomorrow morning, you have to be up ------- six o'clock. {A) on (B) by (©) in (0) to 79| Part 6 Incomplete Texts ie eepldl i Choose the best word or phrase for each blank. Questions 1 through 3 refer to the following email. To: jlopez@[Link] From: rmartin@[Link] Subject: Pep talk Hi Jenny, This is a quick email to 1. -- you that I know you are having a hard time. We are {A) tell (B) speak (© say (D) talk all here to help you, so come talk to anyone whenever you want. If you have time this week, how about meeting after work? I'd like to buy you a coffee and we 2. have a chat. Please let me know if you think this is a good idea or not. Could (A) had (B) could (©) advice (D) would you give me your reply 3. ~ - four o'clock today? (A) on (8) within (© before (0) along Cheers, Rachel BO / Units. _Questions 4 through 6 refer to the following complaint form. Pentagon’s Restaurants Customer Comments Form Date of visit: Jan 31° Time of visit: 11 a.m. Branch name: Rochester High Street Comments This is the first 4. - Ihave eaten at Pentagon's. However, I think it will also be (A) time (B) event (©) tum (0) eating the last. I had to wait thirty minutes for my food. I had to ask the waitress four | times before she brought water to our table. I 5. not enjoy @ conversation with | (A) had (8) was (©) do (D) could my friend because of the noise from the kitchen. The staff 6. shouting and (A) ought not (B) had to (©) were (0) dia yelling at each other the whole time. I asked to speak to the manager, but he was not available. The food was very good, but not good enough to make me want to return to any of your restaurants.Choose the best answer. Questions 1_and 2 refer to the following advertisement. Special Sale At Bathland! Everything that you need for your bathroom For two weeks only! 50% off our extra-large luxury bathtubs 30% off luxury soap and shampoo sets Buy two large towels and get one free Mirrors, sinks, shelves, tiles, and much more... All up to 25% off! ee es 1. What would you NOT buy at Bathland? (A) A television (B) Towels (©) Soap (D) A mirror 2. How long will the sale last? (A) For ten days (B) For one month (© Forever (D) For fourteen days 82 sunsQuestions 3 through 5 refer to the following letter. g Dear Jane, How are you? Tm at my aunt and uncle's house in the country. Im having a great time, The country air is so clean, I ride horses every day with my uncle. He is giving me lots of advice. ‘My aunt cooks delicious food for every meal, She taught me how to make chocolate chip cookies. I would like to stay for another week, but I can't. My vacation will be over. I will see you in two days, and I will tell you all about it. Your friend, ‘Susan 3. Where do Susan's aunt and uncle live? (A) In the city (8) In the country (©) At the beach (D) In an apartment 4. What does Susan do there? (A) Feed animals (B) Work in the garden (©) Swim in the lake (D) Ride horses 5. What did Susan's aunt teach her? (A) How to make cookies (B) How to ride a horse (CQ) How to write a letter (D) How to live in the country