DEBRE BERHAN UNIVERSITY
collage of engineering
department of construction of technology and management
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and for most, It affords us great pleasure to thanks the Almighty God for keeping us in
good health and for his will strengthened us in under many challenges.
secondly ,Thanks to our department for setting up this course so that we could gain how to
inspect the drawing of the building and hence strengthen our skills and knowledge about
construction drawing requirements and how checklist is taken .
Thirdly , we would like to thank our teacher MSC habtamu and MSC dawit for making us active
in our class lessons and make us more interested how to take checklist of given construction
project drawing.
DEBRE BERHAN UNIVERSITY
collage of engineering
department of construction of technology and management
DEBRE BERHAN UNIVERSITY
collage of engineering
department of construction of technology and management
Table of content
Contents page number
i. Acknowledgment
1. Executive summary ……………………………………………………………. 1
2. Introduction
2.1 general concept of construction industry ………………………………… 4
3. objective
3.1 general objective ………………………………………………………… 5
3.1 specific objective ………………………………………………………… 5
[Link] …………………………………………………………………………… 5
[Link] ……………………………………………………………………… 5
6. design review checklist ……………………………………………………… 6
7. defects noticed in the drawing ……………………………………………… 29
8. Conclusion …………………………………………………………………… 34
9. Recommendation ……………………………………………………………… 35
10. Reference …………………………………………………………………… 37
DEBRE BERHAN UNIVERSITY
collage of engineering
department of construction of technology and management
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
For any construction project construction document , drawings , sketches and plans are needed
for proper execution of the project . different clients and buildings have different requirements
even the scope of the budget for the project can change the drawing requirement of the project.
Architectural drawings
It is technical drawing of the building that is used by architects to develop a design idea into a
coherent proposal , to communicate ideas and concepts and concepts , to convince client clients
of the merits of the design , to enable a building contractor to construct it .
Typical components of the architectural drawing are
- Setting out plan
- Floor plans
- Elevation drawings
- Section drawings
- Working drawings
- Road drainage
- Flooring plan
The requirements of the architectural drawing are
- Name and address of the project
- Name , address and occupation of the author of the construction documents
- Exterior elevation , showing all the opening
- All doors and window size noted either on the elevation , plan or door and window
schedule referred to plan
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DEBRE BERHAN UNIVERSITY
collage of engineering
department of construction of technology and management
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DEBRE BERHAN UNIVERSITY
collage of engineering
department of construction of technology and management
Electrical drawings
It shows the locations of the electrical equipment and their layout in the buildings
-Electrical legend
- Floor lighting plan
- Floor power plan
- Fire alarm plan
The requirements in the electrical drawings are
- Need to show any boxes , devices, switches, towers, conduits that will be installed within
right of way .
Structural drawing
These drawings show the support system of the building is standing , what are its structural
components , what is the strength of the building and how beams , columns, stairs, slabs, are
connected and thus like
- General notes
- Typical section
- Footing sections
- Beam section
- Column section
- Ground floor column plan
Requirements of the structural drawings
- Note uniform design loads and special loading
- Section and details properly reference to the plans
- General notes and construction notes
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DEBRE BERHAN UNIVERSITY
collage of engineering
department of construction of technology and management
- Reinforcing steel , if used for slab , retaining walls , grade beam, foundation and
foundation walls
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DEBRE BERHAN UNIVERSITY
collage of engineering
department of construction of technology and management
Sanitary drawing
-It shows the water service location and pipe size on the site / grading plan
-Plumbing riser diagram are not required , except for unusual features
-All projects show plumbing fixtures layout as part of the architectural plans .
So in order to check if the requirements are there in the drawing it need to be inspected , we
need design checklist review .
Design review checklist is used
- Able to know the included parts and not included parts of drawings
- To distinguish the missed parts
- To easily take action on the missed parts
- To recommend the responsible parties to change the drawing to the more appropriate
drawings .
- To inspect the work of an architect
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DEBRE BERHAN UNIVERSITY
collage of engineering
department of construction of technology and management
3
DEBRE BERHAN UNIVERSITY
collage of engineering
department of construction of technology and management
INTRODUCTION
General background of construction industry
Building design is the process of taking a client’s requirements for a new building or changes
to an existing building and translating them in to an agreed design that a contractor is then able to
construct. It resolves client requirement in to a set of instruction for the construction of a
building that satisfies those requirements. It tends to follow a relatively consistent process of
project definition followed by the iterative development of an increasingly detailed solution. It is
important that regular review are carried out during the design process to ensure that the
developing design properly reflects the clients requirements and that the design and budget do
not diverge.
In building construction industry design review emerged as part of the commissioning process.
A design review is a milestone with in a product or building development process where by a
design is evaluated against its requirements in order to verify the outcomes of previous activities
and identify issues before committing to and if need be re-prioritizing further work.
For any construction project construction document, drawing, sketches and plans are needed for
proper execution of the project. There can be plenty of different document that make up the set.
Different client and building have different requirements. Even the scope of the budget for the
project can change the drawing requirement of the project.
Most formalized systems engineering processes recognize that the cost of correcting a fault
increases as it progresses through the development process. Additional effort spent in the early
stages of development to discover and correct errors is therefore likely to be worthwhile. Design
reviews are examples of such an effort. Therefore a number of design review may be carried out
to evaluate the design against different sets of criteria consistency, usability , environmental or
during various stages of the design process.
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DEBRE BERHAN UNIVERSITY
collage of engineering
department of construction of technology and management
So in order to avoid ambiguities on the design and conflict among the contracting parties design
review must be carried out before any work is to be executed.
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DEBRE BERHAN UNIVERSITY
collage of engineering
department of construction of technology and management
OBJECTIVE OF THE DESIGN REVIEW
General objective of the checklist review report
- To determine the defects of the drawings
- To recommend the way of correcting this defects
Specific objective of the checklist review report
Reduced construction costs:
Can add value to the design by reducing construction costs.
Communication means fewer errors:
It fosters communication between designers, owners and builders.
Reduce the chance of conflict among the stakeholders
Reduce the time overrun due to error in the design
Scope
The scope of the checklist preparing is to dig out the defects of the drawings
that are needed in contraction of the building
This includes the defects in the architectural drawings, structural drawing ,
electrical drawings , sanitary drawings .
Not only taking out defects recommendation need to be given for every defect
noticed because this may lead to the delay of time of contraction, cost overrun
if its stayed untreated
Limitations
- There is connection of this defects throughout the floors and the drawing types
- The one thing considered as defect in one drawing is given to the other drawing
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DEBRE BERHAN UNIVERSITY
collage of engineering
department of construction of technology and management
5
DEBRE BERHAN UNIVERSITY
collage of engineering
department of construction of technology and management
DEFECTS NOTICED IN THE DRAWING
In the process of building contraction, the needed drawings are Architectural drawings,
Structural drawings, Electrical drawing, Sanitary drawings. In the
Architectural drawings the noticed defects are
- The roof slope which is used to determine the amount of sliding of the roof cover ( used
for the fall of either snow or rain fall ) its not given on all part of roof.
- The roof material in some parts are not described accurately or it doesn’t give
information that all roof materials are typical .
- The changing room attached to the bed rooms have fixture that is not appropriate to be
there or which is not in use .
- The walls in the layout are not properly hatched , and there is no wall section so there is
no information on the type of the material of the wall contraction.
- Since its Auto CAD file given to us , the dimensions’ measured are not equal to the
dimensions that is given in the drawing .
-
Structural drawing defects are
- There is repetition of the column names on the floor layout plan , example C3 is given
more one times .
- On the layout plan there is missed names of Axis and column names
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DEBRE BERHAN UNIVERSITY
collage of engineering
department of construction of technology and management
- On the beam layout the names of reinforcement bars are not given properly . There may
be different type of bars that may be introduced In the different stricture like negative
bars , main bars , distribution bars , temperature bars , longitudinal bars , transverse bars
for different purpose so it need to be described .
- The stair on the building doesn’t meet the standard of the stair dimensions. The stair
landing is > 90 cm.
Electrical drawings
- There are unique amount of voltage needed in different electric cables , but in this
drawing the voltage amount is not particularly defined . this may lead to the damage of
the fixtures attached to or the wire cable itself.
- The electric lines coming from the outside is not specified and known
- Junction box that collects or join the electric cables in one place , its not given and the
position must be seen properly . It should be clearly stated because it can easily lead to
danger to children and illiterate peoples .
- There are different fixtures needed in the building but the height of this fixtures are not
given properly .
- On the traditional kitchen where it is used for different purpose , the socket number and
electric cables are not seen properly .
- The nature of the junction box is not given.
Sanitary drawing
- On the sanitary drawing there are four types of pipes that are needed in the drawing
1,water supply pipes
The defects seen are
The flow direction through the pipes are not shown .
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DEBRE BERHAN UNIVERSITY
collage of engineering
department of construction of technology and management
There must be pumper that provide water to the upper floors but its not described
in the drawing
The slope of the pipes are not given properly . It is mainly used while
installation .
The length of pipes in passing through the panels of the layout are not show.
The elevation of the floors are not given , this affects the flow of the water
through the pipes .
2,Waste water drainage pipes
The length of the pipes are not given
The slope of the drainage line is not given
In some portions the pipe lines material types are not given ,
Ventilating pipes are not given
It is the vent pipe that is responsible on the air circulation , it is not given in the
whole drawing
The required information from this pipes are material types , size , slope …. are
not given
3 Soil pipes
This are the types of pipes that transmit the drain or water to the ditch or septic tank ( in
general to the ground to be drained out of the building )
Material type is not specified
Slope of the drain to the ground is not given
Length of the pipe is not given
4,fixtures on the drawings
This are like sinks , water closet and needed fixtures in the sanitary .
The defects noticed are
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DEBRE BERHAN UNIVERSITY
collage of engineering
department of construction of technology and management
- There is no floor drain on shower
- There are also fixtures that are placed in in appropriate positions
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DEBRE BERHAN UNIVERSITY
collage of engineering
department of construction of technology and management
-legend
Legend gives the needed information on the drawing , its like key to the drawing
The defects that are seen in the legend are
- The information listed in the legend are not seen in the drawing . it means there are some
items listed in the legend that are not seen in the drawing
- The fixtures , or the parts of layouts that are seen in the drawings are not seen in the
legend . means in the drawing the symbols are not fully explain in the legend .
-joints
Since the pipes need to be connected to facilitate the flow, there may be different joints in the
pipe system .
The defects that are seen are
- The types of joints are not specified
- The material types are not given
-tankers
Tankers are used to store water for latter use , on which there are times that are not accecable
to find water in time o need.
The defected noticed are
-Material types are not specified
- Dimension of the tankers are not stated
- The carrying capacity is not stated in some of the tankers .
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DEBRE BERHAN UNIVERSITY
collage of engineering
department of construction of technology and management
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DEBRE BERHAN UNIVERSITY
collage of engineering
department of construction of technology and management
Riser diagram
Water supply riser diagram
- As the legend states there are valves in the system , but seen in the diagram there are not
valves seen .
- There are no joints details seen in the drawing .
Waste water riser diagram
- Like in the water supply riser diagram , As the legend states there are valves in the
system , but seen in the diagram there are not valves seen .
- There are no joints details seen in the drawing .
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DEBRE BERHAN UNIVERSITY
collage of engineering
department of construction of technology and management
CONCLUSION
Different types of drawings are used in the construction such as architectural , structural ,
electrical , plumbing and finishing . these drawings provide the layout of plans and details for the
construction of each and every part of the building .
Architectural drawing consists all details of the project site plans , setting out plan, elevation ,
section,
Structural drawing consists of column lay out , beam layout, lintel beam layout, roof beams, roof
slab layout ,
Electrical drawings represents the details of electrical fixtures , location of switches , fan , light.
It represents the load calculation , tapping for electricity , wiring path
Sanitary drawing / plumbing drawing / it gives the location of sanitary system , piping for water
supply system , fixture and the process to connect to the fixtures.
Drawings plays important role in the construction field to convey the ideologues and prospective
of the designer to the layout of the site .the drawing maybe used to indicate the overall
appearance , inside or outside the structure or they may be used to indicate precise measurements
and other details for construction.
As shown in the defects seen in the architectural drawing , the property line or fence is inside the
building layout , roof slope is not given , roof material types are not given , there is a difference
in dimension from the dimension given . on structural drawing , the length of reinforcement bar
is greater than structured , there is repetition of the names in the layout , there are missed axis
and columns names . on the electrical drawing the outline source is not known , the voltage
required in the wire is not given . on the sanitary drawing the legend has also defects , the
material types are not seen . the 3D view drawing is not given.
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DEBRE BERHAN UNIVERSITY
collage of engineering
department of construction of technology and management
37
DEBRE BERHAN UNIVERSITY
collage of engineering
department of construction of technology and management
RECOMMENDATION
On depending the information that needed to be included in the drawings .
Architectural drawing need to be corrected by
- Changing the property line to be placed out side of the buildings
- The roof material must be given
- The roof slope must be given
- Fixtures that are not placed in the appropriate areas must be changed
- The walls in the layout must be hatched
- Wall section need to be given
- The dimension need to be corrected ( need to be same as the given dimension )
- Door and window schedule need to be given .
Structure drawing need to be corrected by
- Changing the length of the reinforcement bar to the most appropriate length
corresponding to the length of the pad.
- The naming of the column must be unique and accurate
- The column in the ground must be same in size as in the upper floors
- Missed axis and column names must be given
- Reinforcement bars must be identified
- Stair need to be adjusted by the standard of the stair given in the residential
Electrical drawing need to be corrected by
- Giving the direction to the supply of power from the source
- There must be junction box provided
- The voltage capacity must be given
- The location of sockets in some inappropriate locations need to be changed
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DEBRE BERHAN UNIVERSITY
collage of engineering
department of construction of technology and management
39
DEBRE BERHAN UNIVERSITY
collage of engineering
department of construction of technology and management
Sanitary drawing need to be corrected
- By giving the symbols definition that are given in the drawing
- Different pipes( water supply , waste water drainage , vent pipe , soil pipe ) need to be
described by the material type , slope , flow directions , the length of the pipes .
- Different fixtures need to be placed on the right way
- The joint detail must be given
- Tankers material type , dimension need to be discussed
- On the riser diagram, connection of the stack pipes and distribution pipes need to be
defined , the information in this diagram need to be described in the legend .
3D drawings
- Need to be given
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DEBRE BERHAN UNIVERSITY
collage of engineering
department of construction of technology and management
REFERENCE
[Link]
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