Formula 5

How often do you do X?

Aims '
In this lesson you'll master the Formula for How often do you do X? type questions.
How often do you read books?
How often do visitors come to your home?
How often do you go out to dinner with friends?

The formula
When the examiner asks you How often do you do X? type questions, you must:

Language steps
1. Use a range of different adverbs offrequency correctly.
I never go to the cinema.
I regularly watch DVDs.
. ' I . , '

2. Use a variety of adverbs of infrequency to describe something you don't do often.

I don't always eat at home.
Every once in a while I play sports.

40 [Link] [Link]

40
 Part One

Native speaker words

Let's learn some native speaker words which are useful for answering this type of question.
These words can also help you understand the model answers on the next page more thoroughly.

rarely (Native speakers use this I am always very good about staying on
once in a blue
phrase to show that an action a diet; it's only once in a blue moon that
moon
happens very, very rarely.) I might eat a piece of cake.
to show that something usually Clare used to be a really good student,
used to
occurred or was true in the past but lately she's become really lazy.
have to invite (when you invite some- Last night I had some friends over to
somebody body to your home, usually for a my house and cooked dinner for them.
over meal or drinks)
to spend time with other people I love parties because I like to socialise
socialise verb for enjoyment - they are a great opportunity to hang
out with frienc!s and meet new people.
somebody who reads all the time I don't understand how Jane can date
a bookworm like John; he's so boring,
bookworm noun
always reading and hardly ever going
out with friends.
to change or vary things from the I've been working on the same project
normal pattern, for fun or to make at work for six months and I'm com-
mix
them more interesting pletely bored. I wish our manager
something up
would mix the work up and give us
some new tasks.
a type of writing where the text is Nguyen Khuyen is my favourite poet,
arranged in lines, which mayor whose poetry is very famous. Many
poetry noun may not rhyme (Many students poems he wrote are taught at school.
confuse this word with "poet" and
"poem".)
to feel like doing something Helen has just asked me to go and play
be in the tennis with her" but I'm not in the
mood mood; I just feel like sitting on the
sofa and reading a book.

www .nh antrivi [Link] 41

41
Model answers
Read the model answers from the two IELTS candidates, Alice and David.

Language step I Adverbs of Frequency

Let's look at how the two IELTS candidates, Alice and David, use adverbs of frequency.

Alice I used to go out to dinner with my friends all the time , but I'm in my last year of
university now and I'm really busy.•.
David To be honest, I'm alw~y$ reading books; I'm a complete bookworm! I usually rea:d
novels, but sometimes (mix it up slightly and read books about history @r nature...

Remind yourself of the following groups of adverbs offrequency:

Adverbs of frequency that go before the verb
always
I always read the Sunday papers.
seldom / rarely
Jonathan rarely goes to fast food restaurants.
never
I never read the Sunday papers.
Adverbs of frequency that can go before the verb or at the end of a sentence
often
I often listen to music.
I listen to music often .

42 [Link]

42
 Part One

frequently
Ifrequently go to bars with my friends.
I go to bars with my friendsfrequel1try.

Adverbs of frequency that can go at the beginning of a sentence or before the verb or at
the end of a sentence
usually
Usually I play football on Sunday.
I usually play football on Sunday.
I play football on Sunday usually.
sometimes
Sometimes I go to nightclubs.
I sometimes go to nightclubs.
I go to nightclubs sometimes.
occasionally
Occasionalry Lee reads a newspaper.
Lee occasionally reads a newspaper.
Lee reads a newspaper occasiol1alry.

Adverbs offrequency that can only go at the end of a sentence

all the time
I listen to my MP3 aII the time.

ItjJ Exercise 5.1: Word Placement

Circle the letters that represent the appropriate positions for the adverbs of frequency in
brackets.
1. A I B go cycling with my friends C. (sometimes)
2. A she B smokes cigarettes C. (never)
3. A I B go to concerts C. (often)
4. A she B goes swimming on Thursday nights C. (usually)
5. A he B invites me to his house for dinner C. (occasionally)
6. A I B read the newspaper each morning while I eat breakfast C. (always)
7. A my mother B cooks dinner or lunch for her friends and neighbours C. (frequently)

[Link] antrivi [Link] 43

43
8. A I B watch TV C. (all the time)
9. A he B listens to the radio C. (seldom)

Language step 2 Adverbs of Infrequency

Let's look at how the two IELTS candidates, Alice and David, use certain adverbs to describe
things they rarely do.

Alice .. .1 don't often have the chance to. take a break and spend time with my friends.
Once in a blue moon I'll have someone over for coffee, or I'll go to a friend's house
and hang out ...
David ... From tim.e to time I might read some poetry, but I have to be in the right mood.

When you do not do the activity the examiner asks you about frequently, you should use
a varied range of adverbs of infrequency.
Colloquial expressions
In addition to never, seldom and rarely (see Language step 1), you can also use the fol-
lowing colloquial expressions to sound more like a native:
every once in a while (=sometimes)
I play football on Sunday morning every once in a while.
from time to time (= occasionally)
I have friends overfrom time to time.
once in a blue moon (=rarely)
I drink alcohol once in a blue moon.
hardly ever (=almost never)
I hardly ever play video games.

Using don't
It's also often useful to form adverbs of infrequency by adding don't before an adverb
offrequency. Don't can be used with the following adverbs:
always
I don't always go to the university canteen to eat.
usually
She doesn 't lIsua/(y have guests to dinner.

44 [Link]

44
 Part One

often
He doesn't ofte n socialise with friends.
all the time
I don't go to expensive restaurants with friends all the time, just occasionally.

dJ Exercise 5.2: Practice with a Friend

On your own or with a partner, try answering the following questions using the adverbs of
infrequency below.

1. How often do you read books in English?

2. How often do you go to expensive restaurants?
3. How often do you cook dinner for guests?
4. How often do you go to music concerts?
5. How often do you watch soap operas?
6. How often do you go on holiday with your friends?
7. How often do you read science magazines?
8. How often do you watch American films?

Extra language point Explaining Frequency

Let's take a look at how Alice and David explain why they usually or don't usually do
something.

Alice I used to go out to dinner with my friends all the time, but' I'm in my last year of
university now and I'm really busy - J don't often have the chance to take a break and
spend time with my friends ...

[Link] antrivi [Link] 45

45
 David ... 1 prefer reading novels because they are a great way to relax and escape from daily
life , but 1 also enjoy history and nature books because they help me learn more
about the world we live in . From time to time 1 might read some poetry, but 1 have
to be in the right mood.

Remember that the second thing you should say to the examiner when answering How
often do you do X? type questions is why you do the action frequently or infrequently.
Practise using the following phrases:
I (adverb of (in)frequency) do (it) because ...
I always play basketball after work because I can keep fit and socialise with my colleagues.
1 don't often go to the cinema because it's too expensive.
I can't do (it) because ...
I can't socialise with my friends very often because I live in a completely different part of
the city.
,I would like to read more books but f can't: because I don't have the time.
I (adverb of (in)frequency) have the chance to do (it) because ...
f don't usually have the chance to hang out with my old friends because I recently moved to
a new city.
I don't often have the chance to read long novels because I am so busy at work.

IdJ Exercise 5.3: Matching

Match the sentence halves 1-5 with the sentence halves A-E.
1. I don't often wake up later than 8 a.m ...
2. I can't drink coffee with breakfast...
3. I sometimes have the chance to go to the theatre in the evenings ...
4. I rarely have the chance ...
5. I usually hang out with my friends on the weekend ...

A. ... because it helps me relax after the working week.

B.... because my girlfriend can occasionally get free tickets.
C. ... because it makes me nervous and it isn't good for the stomach.
D.... because I don't like to lie in bed late in the morning.
E.... to have people over for dinner.

46 www .nhantrivi [Link]

46
 Type 4 – how often do you do X?

I. Vocabulary check
A. In the book (<=20)
1. Dành thời gian hòa đồng với bạn bè (v) to socialize with friend
2. Chỉ một thói quen trong quá khứ và đã kết thúc: used to V
3. Mọi lúc mọi nơi (adv) everytime everywhere/ All the time
4. Đang học năm cuối đại học: be in one’s last year of university
5. Có cơ hội làm gì: have the chance to do sth
6. Nghỉ ngơi: take a break/ rest/ relax and unwind
7. Thi thoảng lắm (idioms *2): once in a blue moon/ from time to time
8. Tiếp ai đến nhà chơi: to have sb over
9. Tốt nghiệp (v): to graduate
10. Thú thực thì/nói thật thì: to be honest
11. Thay đổi thứ tự/trật tự để thú vị hơn/để đổi gió (v) to mix things up
12. Lịch sử (n) history
13. Tự nhiên (n) nature
14. Thoát khỏi cuộc sống thường ngày (khi cuộc sống này nhàm chán/căng
thẳng: to escape from daily life
15. Thơ văn (n): poetry poet (n): nhà văn/ nhà thơ
16. Có tâm trạng làm gì: to be in the right mood to do sth

B. Extra vocabulary for speaking practice

47
My friends and I (n)

To be (were) in high school

To be busy with bận với việc gì

Special occasion (n):

Seafood restaurant (n):

Go to the gym (v): Văn bản

Keep me fit (v) = keep sb in shape: giữ dáng

Train my muscles (v): rèn luyện cơ bắp

Deadlines that I have to meet ==> To meet deadlines: Văn bản
Play a few songs (v): chơi 1 số bài hát

Find the time (v): dùng thời gian làm gì đấy

II. Grammar focuses - 3

1. Adverbs of frequency
a. Vocabulary
Ôn lại các adverbs of frequency:
Các adverbs đi trước động từ chính: always, seldom/rarely,
never (I never read Sunday newspapers)
Các adverbs đi trước động từ hoặc đứng cuối câu: often,
frequently (I often listen to music OR I listen to music often)
Các adverbs có thể đứng đầu câu hoặc đứng trước động từ
chính của câu: usually, sometimes, occasionally. (Occasionally I
go to night clubs OR I occasionally go to night clubs)
Các adverbs chỉ có thể đứng cuối câu: all the time (I listen to my
MP3 all the time)

48
 More Frequently
- once in a
while
- every so
often
Never Rarely Sometimes Usually
Hardly Occasionally Often Always
seldom - once in a Frequently All the time
- almost never blue moon
- hardly ever - from time
b. Idioms & phrases to time
Trong phần Speaking, nếu chúng ta có thể sử dụng một số các
colloquial expressions (cách diễn đạt trong văn nói), phần nói
của chúng ta sẽ trở nên tự nhiên hơn. Sau đây là một số các
idioms và phrases thông dụng để chỉ tần suất:
Every once in a while ~ from time to time (occasionally,
sometimes)
Once in a blue moon ~ rarely/hardly.
Lưu ý: các idioms trên đứng ở đầu hoặc cuối câu; chúng không
đứng trước động từ.
“Hardly ever” sẽ nằm trong khoảng giữa “never” và “hardly”;
nghĩa tương đương “almost never”
Lưu ý’: khác với các idioms trên, “hardly ever” sẽ đứng trước
động từ.

TIP: với các colloquial expressions trên, thay vì nhớ tất cả các
cụm, chọn một đến hai cụm bạn thích nhất và sử dụng nhuần
nhuyễn cụm này.
c. Using “don’t”/doesn’t
“Don’t” + positive adverbs of frequency (always, all the time,
usually, often & frequently) sẽ mang nghĩa ngược với “adverb of
frequency” đó.
Vd: She doesn’t usually have guests to dinner
Lưu ý: ta không dùng “don’t/doesn’t” với các negative adverb of
frequency (rarely, hardly, sometimes, occasionally…..)

49
2. Explaining frequency
Ta sử dụng “Because” hoặc “since/as” để nối 2 mệnh đề (Mệnh
đề chứa Frequency và mệnh đề giải thích).
Khi ta dùng những trạng từ để chỉ tần suất thấp (rarely, don’t
usually…), ta có thể đưa ra những lý do sau:
 …It’s (too) expensive
 …. I’m busy (at work/studying)
 … Do not have the time
Khi ta dùng những trạng từ để chỉ tần suất cao (always, usually,
often…), ta có thể đưa ra những lý do sau:
 …keep fit (sports)
 …. Socialize with friends/colleagues
 … it’s fun
 …. A good way to relax/escape from daily life

Lưu ý: khi giải thích frequency, ta có thể giải thích các sub-
categories của các từ key trong câu hỏi

Ví dụ: với books: books about history or nature, novels,

poetry.

Đồng thời, ta có thể giải thích mức độ frequency đối với

từng loại trong subcategories này (usually read novels,
sometimes mix up – read about history or nature, read poetry
from time to time)

3. “Used to” - explaining a change in habits:

Một cách tiếp cận khác đối với câu hỏi “How often” là ta có
thể nói về một thói quen trong quá khứ đã được thay đổi. Ta
dùng cấu trúc sau:

How often do you do X?

I used to ……….all the time  Chỉ thói quen trong quá khứ
but recently, I am/have been busy with work/study => Chỉ
hoàn cảnh dẫn đến thay đổi

50
 so I don’t have the time to frequently …….. any more 
không thể tiếp tục làm X đều được nữa.

4. The formula (a three-step answer) - Chú ý: formula được thay

đổi so với formula gốc trong sách cho phù hợp hơn. Với bài
này, chúng ta sẽ có 2 cách tiếp cận

Approach 1: a change of habits

Step 1: Talk about a habit in the past and how/why it has changed (nói về thói
quen trong quá khứ; nói về sự thay đổi và nguyên nhân của sự thay đổi)

I used to go out to dinner with my friends all the time – A habit in the past
But I’m in my last year of university now and I’m really busy – The reason
for the change
– so I don’t have the time to frequently spend time with my friends – How
it has changed

Step 2: explain the current status (and hope it would change in the future)
Once in a blue moon/from time to time, I’ll have someone over for
coffee, or go to a friend’s house and hang out – explaining the current status
I hope I’ll have more time to socialize after I graduate/in the future

Lưu ý: những cụm từ in đậm là những cụm từ có thể hữu dụng khi sử dụng
Approach 2 để trả lời câu hỏi “How often”

Approach 2: break down the key words

Step 1: Affirm that you like the thing being asked or you do it very frequently
(khẳng định bạn thích việc/hoạt động trong câu hỏi hoặc trả lời rằng bạn làm nó
rất thường xuyên)
To be honest, I’m always reading books. I’m a complete bookworm

51
Step 2: think of the categories that the key word can be broken down to (nghĩ
đến các phần/các loại mà key word
Books: novels, history & nature; poetry
Step 3: Explain the categories using adverbs of frequency & Provide the reasons
for the frequency of each category

Explain the categories using adverbs of frequency.

I usually read novels, but sometimes I mix it up slightly and read books
about history or nature. From time to time, I might read some poetry, but I have
to be in the right mood.
Provide the reasons for each category
I prefer reading novels because they are a great way to relax and escape from
daily life, but I also enjoy history and nature book because they help me learn
more about the world we live in.

Lưu ý: những cụm từ in đậm là những cụm từ có thể hữu dụng khi sử dụng
Approach 1 để trả lời câu hỏi “How often”

EXTRA PRACTICE QUESTIONS

Lưu ý: Bỏ câu hỏi “How often do visitors come to your house?” trong
sách

How often do you go out to dinner with friends? (Change of habits)

In high school
Go out to different restaurants all the time
In university/Wokring: busy with study/work
Not frequently go out to eat
Special occasion  go out to seafood restaurant

52
How often do you play sports/work out? (break down the key words)

Big fan of sports (play all the time)

Usually football, sometimes gym
Prefer football (relax)
Gym (keep fit & train my muscles)
Once in a blue moon: go dancing (only when bored)

How often listen to music? (Change of habits/break down the key

words)
Used to listen all the time (great way to relax)
Really busy with work (a lot of deadlines to meet)
No time to listen to music
From time to time, play songs (find the time)
Hope there will be more time, enjoy hobby in future

53
 Part One

Formula 6

What do you like most about X?

Aims
In this lesson you'll master the Formula for What do you like most about X? type questions.
What do you like most about student life?
What do you like most about your job?
What is the best thing about your city?
What is your favourite type of weather?

The formula
When the examiner asks you What do you like most about X? type questions, you must:

Language steps
1. Use adverbs modifying verbs to express degrees oflike.
I especially like playing the piano.
Students particularly enjoy going to bars and restaurants.
2. Use parallel structures correctly.
I like going to the cinema, watcbing TV and playing video games.
3. Use simple linking words accurately.
Although the city has developed very fast, it's still not very expensive.
I don't like travelling to work, but I enjoy my job.

Native speaker words

Let's learn some native speaker words which are useful for answering this type of question.
These words can also help you understand the model answers on page 49 more thoroughly.

www .nh ant rivi [Link] 47

54
'r Nativc
: Sp,cakcr Word
,I , \

a very good opportunity or. chance Getting a scholar~hip to study at

golden
te do st!>methipg Harva-rd Uni~ersi~ was a golden
oppertunity
opportunity for David.
expand/ to increase somebedy's knowledge My father always told me that I
broaden/widen so that they think about or consider should go travelling and see the
(somebedy's) things they didn't before world as it would .help expand my
horizons horiz0ns.
a type .of dance from South J\meri,ca, I've illSO wanted. t<;l try Salsa dancing
Salsa (dancing) neun where couples dance together because it looks like a lot of fun and
1 • I .

the 1men seem so sexyl

j 'I-

a type of ex~rcise originally from Although I don't play any sp0rts;

neun India which exercises the body I'm quite fit because I do yoga
yoga
through stretching and breathing frequently.
exercises
the'area of land next te the sea Susart wanted to move nearer the
ceast. .coast so she could gp .swimming and
sa'iling o/henever she wanted,
,
I don't' like my [Link] com~any; I
wo~k really.'hard ·and although 1 get
the odd the bdd "well dene" frem my man-
ager, I don't feel my werk is appreci-
ated at all.
a very strong, violent and dangerous Pete was sailing in the Pacific Ocean
type of storm. with...strong wind when' his yacht was caught in a
typhoon noun typheen. The storm blew his boat
about 500 kllOI'i'retres, but he was
lucky and survived.
a very soft and gentle wind We had a [Link] afternoon tegether,
dri~irig tea and· chatting 'in the gar-
breeze noun
d~n with lots .of sunshine and a gen-
tle breeze . .
to.~ that something is'imporwlt Most ceqlpanies value experience
value verb
or valuable .over education qualifications.
all year; at all times .of the year I could tell my grandmother's health
all yeaIl reund wasn't very geod because she felt cold
all year round.

48 [Link]

55
 Part One

Model answers
Read the model answers from the two IELTS candidates, Alice and David.

Language step 1 Expressing Degrees of Like

Let's look at how the two IELTS candidates, Alice and David, express degrees oflike.

Alice What I particularly like about student life is the golden opportunity it gives me to
expand my horizons ...
David ... But what I especially value about Nha Trang's location is the fresh seafood we
can eat all year round.

As you can see, Alice and David use different ways to express how much they like dif-
ferent aspects of X. Let's look at some more native speaker ways to express degrees of like:

really like
verb-ing
especially enjoy
noun
particularly love

Examples:
I really enjoy watching the trees by the lake bend in the wind.
I particu larly liI& my hometowl1'sfood.
I especially love attending my Psychology lectures.
Any of the above combinations are fine, and using some varied language will make you
sound more like a native speaker.

www .nhantrivi [Link] 49

56
 Notice that like, love and enjoy can be followed by either a verb-ing or a noun; for examples:
I especially like/enjoy/love wall{ing in the countryside.
I especially like/enjoy/love the countryside.
You cannot say:
I like/enjoy/love to wall(j17.g.

IdJ Exercise 6.1: Error Correction

Some of the sentences below are incorrect, some are correct. Identify the incorrect sentences
and write the correct sentences in the spaces provided.
1. I really liking meeting new people.

2. I particularly to love travelling as part of my job.

3. She especially enjoys visit the famous sights in my hometown.

4. I enjoy to taking photographs and sending postcards home.

5. I very like living with my classmates in our dormitory.

6. I really love snowy weather.

Language step 2 Parallel Structures

Let's look at how the two IELTS candidates, Alice and David, use parallel structures.

Alice ...At university, I can not only increase my knowledge about my major and learn
new things like Salsa and yoga, but I can also meet lots of new people.
David ... Although we get the odd typhoon every year because we are by the seaside, we
also enjoy light sea breezes during the summer ...

so [Link]

57
 Part One

Parallel structure means making sure that the series of words in a sentence are in agree-
ment or in line with each other. The best way to understand this is by looking at some
examples:
I really enjoy watching plays, writing papers and listening to the school band.
My mother particularly likes to dance, go out to restaurants and spend time with the family.
As you will notice, all of the verbs in the above sentences have the same form, and so can
be said to agree with each other. Many students lose points in the IELTS test because of
simple agreement errors such as the following:
I especially like reading scientific journals, have fun with my study mates and relaxing on
campus. (X)
I like to read scientific journals, [Link] with my study mates and relaxing on campus. (X)

IdJ Exercise 6.2: Multiple Choice

Choose the appropriate words from the choices below to complete the sentences.
1. There are many things that I like about Tet holiday. We all watch television, light fireworks
outside the door, and songs together.
A. sing B. singing

2. He especially loves walking and his bike through the rice fields.
A. ride B. riding

3. I really love to hike, swim, and my bicycle.

A. ride B. riding

4. Wow, there are so many things I love about my job. My workmates are great. We do a lot
together in our free time. We often go drinking in bars, in clubs and singing at
karaoke bars during the weekend!
A. dance B. dancing

5. As a student, I enjoy learning new things, my friends on campus and studying

in the library.
A. to meet B. meeting

6. My study mates like every day, play sports together and study in the park.
A. to exercise B. exercising

[Link] antri [Link] Sl

58
Language step 3 Linking Words
Let's take a look at how the two IELTS candidates, Alice and David, use linking words.

Alice ... At university, I can not only increase my knowledge about my major and learn
new things like Salsa and yoga, but I can also meet lots of new people.
David ... Although we get the' odd typhoon every year because we are by the seaside, we
also enjoy light sea breezes during the summer. But what I especially value about
Nha Trang's location is the fresh seafood we can eat all year round.

To sound like a native and to improve your score on your speaking test, it's good to show
slight comparison, contrast and consequence between ideas and feelings using transitional
or linking words.
Take a look at the following linking words, and how they are used:
but
I really like my maths teacher, but I like my science teacher more.
however
My major is history; however, I find art class more exciting.
although
Although I study hard most of the time, I always find time for fun on the weekends.
I always find time for fun on the weekends, although I study hard most of the time.
though
I enjoy learning to play the violin, though it is difficult at times.
Though it is difficult at times, I enjoy learning to play the violin.
as opposed to
Students discuss ideas, as opposed to just copying from books.
besides
Besides cooking and painting, I often do other activities like singing and hanging out with
my friends.
I often do other activities like singing and hanging out with my friends besides cooking and
painting.
as well as
She is my classmate as well as my best friend.
As well as being my best friend, she is my classmate.
also
I love running in the park. I also run in the gym.

52 [Link]

59
 Part One

IdJ Exercise 6.3: Matching

Match the sentence halves 1-8 with the sentence halves A-H.
1. I am really happy with my university's appearance, the sports facilities and the sculptures, ...
2. I enjoy a lot of things about being a student, .. .
3. I like my city because it is old, historical and .. .
4. I love the winters because of the snow, ice and clear skies, ...
5. As well as being a modern, clean and fashionable place to live, ...
6. Although I am generally not a very social person, ...
7. My job offers me lots of opportunities to be creative and work in a team ...
8. When I go travelling I enjoy going for long walks; ...

A. ... however, I don't really like going too far into unknown territory - I'm afraid of getting lost!
B. .. .I really like my hometown because it's so interesting.
C. ...the thing about working life I enjoy the most is going out to lunch and dinner with my
workmates.
D....though my favourite thing is most certainly the new restaurant on campus - it's great!
E.... besides having flexible working hours.
F.... also a friendly place to live.
G.... but the thing I like most is the opportunity to meet lots of clever, thoughtful people.
H.... as opposed to the awful summers with hot, dry air.

[Link] antrivi [Link] 53

60
 feel/ look/ smell/ sound/ taste (v) + adj

Type 5 – What do you like most about X? What is your favourite type
of X? horizontal (adj): về chiều ngang
>< vertical (adj): về chiều dọc
I. Vocabulary check
A. In the book (<=20)
especially/ particularly/
1. Đặc biệt/rất (Adv) như trong “đặc biệt thích”:
specially/ extremely
2. Cơ hội ngàn vàng: golden opportunity
3. Mở mang đầu óc/tri thức: expand/increase/broaden sb’s
knowledge/ mind/ horizon (n)
4. Không chỉ …. Mà còn: not only… but also
5. Chuyên ngành: major
6. Tăng kiến thức chuyên ngành: increase sb’s knowledge abt sb’s major
7. Tỉnh (địa phương): province
8. Địa điểm location
9. “Bờ biển” – phân biệt với “bãi biển”: coastline (n) - beach (n)
10. Cảnh biển: view of the sea
11. Bão biển & Bão typhoon and storm
12. Cạnh bờ biển: by the seaside
13. Cơn gió nhẹ & gió breeze and wind
14. Hải sản tươi (n) fresh seafood
15. Suốt quanh năm (adv) all year round

B. Extra vocabulary for speaking practice smirk: cười đểu

As a result: Văn bản

Motivation (n): Văn bản
Score high in the tests (v) Văn bản
Smile (v): cười
Salary (n): lương cứng >< wage (n): lương công (tính theo giờ)
Fresh graduate (n) người vừa tốt nghiệp

Working environment (n): môi trường làm việc

Colleagues (n): đồng nghiệp

61
Hectic (adj): bận rộn = busy

Atmosphere (n): bầu khí quyển

Sunny (adj): nhiều nắng

Sunlight (n): ánh sáng mặt trời

In a good mood (n): tâm trạng tốt

62
 adv chỉ rất, cực kì…: extremely/ especially/
particularly/ very/ exceedingly/ really
II. Grammar focuses
1. Adverbs of degrees (like/dislikes)
Có 3 adverbs chúng ta cần nhớ để diễn tả mức độ “rất/đặc biệt”
thích/không thích cái gì, đó là: really, especially và particularly.

Adverb Verb Activity/Place

Really Like Verb-ing

Especially Enjoy Noun

Particularly Love

Lưu ý 1: việc thay đổi vị trí của các trạng từ trong câu có thể
khiến câu thay đổi ngữ nghĩa
Ví dụ: I don’t really like swming – tôi không thực sự thích bơi
I really don’t swimming – tôi thực sự không thích bơi (tôi
chẳng thích bơi tý nào hết)
Trong trường hợp này, chúng ta không thể thay thế very cho
“especially, particularly, really”

Lưu ý 2: ngoài việc bổ nghĩa cho động từ, các adverbs như
especially/particularly/really còn thường xuyên đóng vai trò bổ
nghĩa cho tính từ
Ví dụ: Izone is a really good English center
The seafood is especially/particularly fresh in that restaurant
Khác với trường hợp trên, “very” có thể thay thế “especially,
particularly và really” nếu đi sau nó là một tính từ.

Lưu ý 3: 2 từ dễ nhầm với nhau là “especially” và “Specially”.

Khác với “especially”, “specially” thường mang nghĩa phục vụ

63
một mục đích cụ thể (IELTS Vỡ Lòng is a course designed
specially for students at lower English levels).

2. Parallel structures (Cấu trúc song song)

Parallel structures là đảm bảo những từ bạn dùng trong các vế
của một câu là tương đồng.
Ví dụ: I really enjoy watching plays, writing papers and
listening to the school band.
Ví dụ 2: my mother particularly likes to dance, go out to
restaurants and spend time with the family

Những từ in nghiêng được sử dụng song song (watching, writing

và listening). Một trong những lỗi phổ biến nhất mà chúng ta
hay mắc phải là chia động từ đầu tiên sau động từ chính (enjoy
watching plays) nhưng có thể quên chia động từ kế tiếp (to
write papers).

3. Linking words:
Trong các tiêu chí chấm thi Speaking, có 1 tiêu chí là Fluency và
Coherence = đánh giá độ trôi chảy và mạch lạc trong những gì
chúng ta nói. Để có thể nói một cách mạch lạc, việc sử dụng
linking words là thực sự cần thiết:

a. Một số cấu linking words diễn tả các ý tương phản (But,

However, Though, Although & As opposed to)

But
I really like my maths teacher, but I like my science teacher
more.
However
I really like my maths teacher.; However, I like my science
teacher more

64
 Như chúng ta có thể thấy, sự khác biệt lớn nhất giữa “but” và
“however” là dấu câu đứng trước 2 từ này (Trước “but” có thể
là dấu phẩy; trước however là dấu ; hoặc dấu .).

Although/though
Although I really like my maths teachers, I like my science
teacher more.

Trong Tiếng Anh ngày nay, although và though mang nghĩa gần
như tương đương, nhưng “Although” sẽ formal hơn, và vì vậy,
thường được sử dụng trong Writing nhiều hơn “though”.
Lưu ý:

As opposed to:
Students discuss ideas, as opposed to just copying from
books.

Chúng ta chú ý động từ theo sau “as opposed to” phải được chia
dưới dạng V-ing. Tương tự như các cụm “as a result of/as part
of” khi đóng vai trò như một linking phrase, và do đó, verb theo
sau phải được chia dưới dạng V-ing.

b. Một số các linking words đóng vai trò bổ sung/mở rộng ý

(not only & but also; besides, as well as, also + các cụm In
addition, actually, in fact đã học ở buổi trước.)

“Not only” & “but also” mang nghĩa “không chỉ…, mà còn”

She is not only my classmate, but she is also my best friend

Besides/in addition to/as well as

Besides/in addition to/as well as being my best friend, she is my

classmate

Lưu ý: trong trường hợp trên, do động từ theo sau linking phrase là
động từ “to be”, ta chia động từ thành “being”.

65
 In addition/besides/also

She is my classmate. In addition/besides/also, she is my best friend

She is my classmate. She’s also my bestfriend

Lưu ý: khi mang nghĩa bổ sung, trong cả 3 cụm “in addition/besides/also”

chỉ có cụm “also” có thể đứng sau động từ “to be” và trước object.

4. Reported speech in in “Wh-“ questions

Trong câu hỏi dạng “Wh/H”, ta luôn có các Auxiliary verb (trợ động từ) –
What do you like most about student life?

Trong câu trả lời, ta cần lược bỏ phần “Auxiliary verb” này đi

Ví dụ: what I particularly like about student life is ….

What I especially value about Na Trang’s location is…

Trong trường hợp này, việc sử dụng cấu trúc “What I ….like/value about…..
is” sẽ có tác dụng nhấn mạnh

III. The formula

Step 1: Say which aspects of X you like the most. (Nói điểm bạn thích
nhất về X)

What I particularly like about my student life is the golden opportunity

it it gives me to expand my horizons.

If X is not specified in the question, you need to begin by saying what X

is (Chú ý là nếu X chưa được định nghĩa rõ trong câu hỏi, bạn cần bắt
đầu bằng việc nói X là gì)

My hometown is Nha Trang in Khanh Hoa Province. The best thing

about my hometown is ….

66
 Step 2: Explain why.

Giải thích xem tại sao, nếu có thể tốt nhất hãy đưa ra 2 điều bạn thích
về X và giải thích.

At university, I can not only increase my knowledge about my major

and learn new things like Salsa and yoga, but I can also meet lots of
new people.

From most places in the city, there are beautiful views of the sea.

Bạn cũng có thể sử dụng các cấu trúc như “Although” hoặc
“But/However”

Although we get the odd typhoon every year because we are by the
seaside, we enjoy light sea breezes during the summer.

Lưu ý: Nếu bạn nghĩ ra 2 ý tưởng, nhớ hãy nối chúng bằng một trong
những các liên từ đã học ở trên “In addition/as well as/besides”.

Ví dụ: In addition, another thing that I’m interested in X is….

EXTRA PRACTICE QUESTIONS

What do you like (the) most about your study/your job? (If you’re
in university, choose study. Otherwise, choose “job”)
STUDY:
Choose a major – interested in
 Motivation – score high & know what to do in the future
Friendly teaching staff (always smile)

JOB:

67
Best thing – salary
Not high to many (upper class)
Good enough – fresh graduate
Like working environment
Colleagues – excelellent  a lot to learn

What is the best thing about your city?

Hanoi
Golden opportunity for career
Job: (…..) – more opportunities in Hanoi than hometown
Hanoi – hectic  young: enjoy atmosphere in HN

What is your favourite type of weather?

Sunny (in summer)
Sunlight -> good mood.
When hot from time to time  Go swimming

68
Formula 7

Is X popular (in your country)?

Aims
In this lesson you'll master the Formula for Is X popular (in your country)? type questions.
Are bikes popular in your country?
Is watching team sports popular where you live?
Is playing sports popular in your university?
Is music popular in your country?

The formula
When the examiner asks you Is X popular (in your country)? type questions, you must:

Language steps
1. Talk about types of people.
People of all ages like to ride bikes.
Most businessmen own cars.
2. Use quantity words to talk about how many people like X.
I think most people ride the subway.
The majority of British people drink milk with their tea.
3. Use one or two expressions of habit like a native.
In general, our people enjoy spicy food.
As a rule , older generations are more traditional.

54 [Link]

69
 Part One

Native speaker words

Let's learn some native speaker words which are useful for answering this type of question.
These words can also help you understand the model answers on the next page more thoroughly.

in most situations; usually; Generally speaking, I don't eat fast food

generally
ordinarily but sometimes - perhaps just a few times
speakipg
a year - I might go to McDonald's.
frequently; often Steve is so fit and strong because he exer-
regularly adverb
cises regularly.
used to change the topic ofwhat I love playing golf and tennis. As for
as for
you are talking about cooking, I have no real interest in it.
describing somebody or some- In the past, most men were sexist; they
thing that says men are better didn't believe women could be trusted
sexist adjective
than women or women are with money, power of responsibilities.
better than men
whether something is true or Is Italy a good place to go on holiday?
not is determined by something It depends on what kind of holiday you
depend on else want - if you want to see ancient build-
ings, eat pizza and drink red wine, it'll
be great.
usually; generally true As a rule, I'm a very calm person but some-
as a rule
times I get really annoyed.
the most popular music in a Some modern pop music is fantastic -
pop (music) noun society, usually uncomplicated like Take That and Blue - but most of it
and easy to remember is pretty terrible.
to be likely to happen; to usual- Bikes tend to be popular with older people
tend verb
ly do something and students.
a traditional style of music, I don't think anyone listens to English
folk music
often from the countryside folk music anymore; it's too old-fashioned.
an event where musicians play I love going to concerts; it's so exciting
music to a very large audience to see my favourite stars singing and
concert noun dancing on the stage, and the atmosphere
is fantastic because there're thousands of
people.

www.n hantrivi [Link] ss

70
Model answers
Read the model answers from the two IELTS candidates, Alice and David.

Language step 1 Types of People

Let's take a look at how the two IELTS candidates, Alice and David, describe different types
of people.

Alice ... Generally speaking, I would say that the majority of high school and univer-
sity male students regularly play football. As for watching football, I think most
Vietnamese men of all ages frequently watch English Premier League matches .. .!
don't believe football is very popular with many Vietnamese women .
David ... As a rule, the younger generation usually listens to pop, rock or hip-hop music,
whereas the older people tend to listen to older Vietnamese songs or folk music. I
think many wealthy people listen to classical music, sometimes going to live con-
certs.

Notice that both Alice and David say what types of people X is popular with. Talking
about types of people is a great way to sound like a native speaker when answering Is X
popular (in your country)? type questions.
Remember:
A country is made up of different types of people, different groups.
These different groups have different interests and likes and dislikes.
So, don't just speak for the whole nation and say:
People in my country like to drink tea.

56 www. nh antrivi [Link]

71
 Part One

A native speaker will talk about the types of people that X is popular with, rather than
saying that all people like it. So, a better answer - that does not generalise - would be:
In general, a lot of elderly Vietnamese people like drinking tea, though there are some who
do not like tea.
Now let's look at some more words talking about the different types of people that make
up a society:

I • • I • I

the older generation retired people poor people

the elderly office workers rich people
younger people white-collar workers the working classes
school kids unemployed people the middle classes
the younger generation housewives the upper classes
adolescents job seekers the lower classes

IdJ Exercise 7.1: Matching

Match the words on the left with the words on the right that have a similar meaning.
1. elderly people A. the unemployed
2. office workers B. wealthy people
3. the lower classes C. adolescents
4. teenagers D. the older generation
5. the upper classes E. poor people
6. job seekers F. white-collar workers

IdJ Exercise 7.2: Gap Fill

Write the words below in the correct spaces.

1. Traditional Vietnamese activities such as playing Chinese chess and drinking tea are still
very popular with in Vietnam.
2. Bikes are not as popular as they were a few years ago. Now, bikes are mostly ridden by poor
people (such as ) and at school and college.
3. The bus is mainly popular with students and travelling to and from work; most
tend to have their own cars and take taxis everywhere.

[Link] 57

72
 Language step 2 Qyantity Words
Let's take a look at how the two IELTS candidates, Alice and David, use the quantity words.

Alice ... Generally speaking, I would say that the majority oJ high school and university
male students regularly play football...I think most Vietnamese men of all ages
frequently watch English Premier League matches .. .! don't believe football is very
popular with many Vietnamese women.
David ... Most people in Vietnam listen to music every day.. .! think many wealthy people
listen to dassical music, sometimes going to live concerts.
•

Again, you will have noticed that both David and Alice use quantity words in their answers
so that they do not generalise.
Look at the following quantity words which you should master so that you also don't
generalise about people:
most
I think most people like to occasionally watch and play sports.
the majority of
?'he majority oJteenagers listen to pop music at least once a week.
a lot of
I believe a. lot oj people will decide to study abroad in the future.
(not) many
Not marry elderly people are interested in basketball.
a small percentage of
Only a small [Link] aJ students have their own cars.
very few
In my opinion, very Jew poor people have the chance to study English.

IdJ Exercise 7.3: Rephrasing

Rephrase the sentences below using the words in brackets.
1. All Vietnamese people regularly play badminton when they are young. (a lot of)

2. No women play golf in Vietnam. (not many)

S8 w ww.n hantrivi [Link]

73
 Part One

3. Every single Vietnamese person likes to listen to music. (the majority of)

4. Nobody at my university play table tennis. (very few)

5. Everyone watched the Thang Long-Ha Noi 1,OOO-year Anniversary Celebration. (most)

6. No rich people ever ride a bike. (a small percentage of)

Language step 3 Expressions of Habit

Let's take a look at how the two IELTS candidates, Alice and David, use expressions of habit.

Alice ... Genera1ly speaJ?jng, I would say that the majority of high school and university
male students regularly play football ...
David .. .As a rule , the younger generation usually listens to pop, rock or hip-hop music,
whereas the older people ten.d to listen to older Vietnamese songs or folk music ...

When you are trying to talk about a lot of people, you should also use different expres-
sions of habit so that you don't generalise too much.
Look at the following expressions to say what people usually or normally do:
in general
In general, people in India like to eat spicy food.
generally speaking
Generally speak,jng, English people don't really learn many other languages.
as a rule
This expression simply means generally, and has nothing to do with rules.
As a rule, the older generation tends to be more traditional than the younger generation.
more often than not
Businessmen drive cars to work more ofte n than not.
tend to
Most people in my country tend to enjoy playing chess.

www .[Link] 59

74
I(jJ Exercise 7.4: Word Order
Rewrite the sentences below in the correct order.
1. football/morel as/boysl a/rulel is/withl popular

2. eatl people Ispeaking Irice IVietnamese Ia lot ofIgenerally

3. regularly Imore Ithan Iuniversity Ioften Isports Istudents Iplay Inotl very

4. together Isport Iwatching Ito Ilike Itendl men

5. like Irich Idrive Igeneral Ito Icars Iin Ipeople

60 [Link] antrivi [Link]

75
 Type 6 (Formula 7)– Is X popular in your country?
Vietnamese people =
the Vietnamese
young people = the
young I. Vocabulary check
the + adj A. In the book (<=20)
1. Cực kì thịnh hành: extremely popular
2. Nhìn chung thì/xét tổng thể thì: generally speaking/ as a rule
3. Đa số: majority
Phân biệt “most” và “most of”
4. 2 trạng từ “thường xuyên” bắt đầu bằng “f” và “r”: regularly/ frequently
5. Ở mọi lưới tuổi:of all ages
6. Nghe có vẻ + Adj: it sounds/ seems + adj
7. Người phân biệt giới tính: sexist X is popular with sb/ many
8. Được nhiều người thích/được ưa chuộng (*2) people like X
9. Còn tùy vào từng loại X: It depends on what kind of X
10. Cấu trúc dùng để so sánh tương phản, bắt đầu bằng “w” whereas + clause
11. Những người giàu có – paraphrase của “rich people”: Văn bản
12. Dân ca: folk music
13. Buổi hòa nhạc sống: concert the elderly/ older
14. Người cao tuổi/thế hệ cao tuổi (*3) generation/ elderly people
15. Công nhân viên chức/công nhân cổ cồn trắng (*2): white-collar woker =
16. Tầng lớp hạ lưu (thu nhập thấp) (*2): lower classes office worker
17. Tầng lớp thượng lưu/giàu có (*2):” the upper classes/ elite/
18. Tuổi teen/vị thành niên (*2): adollescent
19. Người đi tìm việc làm/người thất nghiệp: (*2): job seeker/ unemployed

B. Extra vocabulary for speaking practice

Football matches: Văn bản

Basketball: Văn bản

Volleyball: Văn bản

Adults: Văn bản

76
Motorbike: Văn bản

Afford (v): Văn bản

Quite popular (v) Văn bản

Lưu ý: “Quite” ở đây đóng vai trò là gì? Văn bản
Focus on (v) sth: Văn bản

Internship (n): Văn bản

77
II. Grammar focuses
1. Types of people
Trong Part 1 của IELTS Speaking, một trong những câu hỏi có thể
gây nhiều phiền toán nhất cho các thí sinh là “Do people in your
country do X?” hoặc “Is X + adj + in the area where you live?”.
Khi chúng ta gặp câu hỏi dạng này, nếu chúng ta trả lời chung
chung, ví dụ như “People in Vietnam like to drink tea” thì việc
chúng ta “vơ đũa cả nắm” sẽ không gây ấn tượng được với giám
khảo.

Thay vào đó, chúng ta cần nói X sẽ được nhóm người nào ưa
chuộng (X is popular with + Type of people). Tùy vào nội dung
câu hỏi, ta sẽ có sự chia nhóm người và so sánh đối lập khác
nhau.
Ví dụ 1: football - popular with men, not women (Tương
phản giữa men và women).
Ví dụ 2: The younger generation: pop, rock, or hip-hop music
(Modern music); The old (Folk music) (Tương phản giữa “the
young” và “the old”).

Age Group & Work-related Social classes

Generations groups
The older Retired-people Poor people
generation
The elderly Office workers Rich people

Younger people White-collar The working

workers classes

School kids Unemployed people The middle

classes

The younger Housewives The upper classes

generation
Adolescents Job seekers The lower classes

78
 Retired people: người đã về hưu (To retire – về hưu)
Housewives: bà nội trợ

VIệc chúng ta chia các nhóm người và nói rõ xem X được nhóm
người nào ưa chuộng là cần thiết nhưng chưa đủ, vì không phải
tất cả mọi người thuộc cùng một nhóm đều có đặc tính giống
nhau (Ví dụ như không phải tất cả các nam sinh cấp 3 đều đá
bóng).
Do đó, để câu trả lời mang tính khách quan và thuyết phục hơn,
ta cần sử dụng một số các quantity words (phần 2) và
expressions of habits (phần 3)

Ví dụ: Generally speaking, I would say that the majority of high

school male students regularly play football .

Nhìn chung mà nói, thì đa số các nam sinh cấp 3 đều đi đá bóng
khá thường xuyên

Trong ví dụ trên, “đa số” đóng vai trò quantity words; “nhìn
chung mà nói” đóng vai trò “expressions of habits”

2. Quantity words:

Để tránh việc generalize (qui đồng hóa), ta cần sử dụng một

số các quantity words (từ định lượng)

a. Most & Most of &The majority of: hầu hết/đa số. Sự khác biệt
lớn nhất giữa “most” và “most of” là:

Ta dùng “most” đi trước một nhóm người chúng chung,

chưa được xác định cụ thể

79
 Ví dụ 1: most high school male students like football
~ The majority of high school students like football.

Trong trường hợp này “high school male students” là một

nhóm đối tượng nói chung, do đó ta dùng “most”)

Ta dùng “most of” để đứng trước một nhóm người cụ

thể/đã được xác định rõ ràng.
Ví dụ 2: Generally speaking, most of the students in
IELTS class at Izone are hard-working, so they will gain a
lot of progress in English.

b. Many/A lot of:

Many và “a lot of” đều mang nghĩa là “nhiều” và đứng trước
danh từ; Tuy nhiên:
Many đi với đanh từ đếm được (Many people; not
many water)

“A lot of” có thể đi trước cả danh từ đếm được và

danh từ không đếm được (a lot of people, a lot of
water)

c. Not many/a small percentage of/very few:

Trái ngược với “many”, ta có thể dùng “not many” hoặc
“very few” để chỉ “không nhiều” hoặc “rất ít” đối với danh
từ đếm được)
VD: Not many people went to school today

Đối với cả danh từ đếm được VÀ danh từ không đếm được,

ta đều có thể sử dụng “a small percentage of” – với nghĩa
“The minority of” (Thiểu số, và tương phản với “the majority
of” ở trên.
VD: a small percentage of high school female
students like dancing.

3. Expressions of habits

80
 Ngoài việc sử dụng các “quantity words” như ở phần 2, việc
sử dụng các cụm “expressions of habits” để tránh việc
generalize và duy trì tính khách quan cho câu trả lời là rất
quan trọng.

Một số cụm expressions of habits thông dụng:

In general

Generally speaking

As a rule

More often than not

Tend to

Lưu ý: đối với 5 cụm đã học ở trên, ta đặt mục tiêu sử dụng
nhuẩn nhuyễn 2 cụm (Recommend 2 cụm “in general” và
“tend to”)

4. Giving your opinion:

Trước khi đưa ra ý kiến của bản thân, bạn nên dùng các
cụm sau:

I think that ….

In my opinion, ….

I would say that….

Ví dụ: Generally speaking, I would say that the majority of

high school students…..

Lưu ý: Chúng ta dùng các cụm trên đơn lẻ, và KHÔNG kết
hợp các cụm trên lại với nhau. Chẳng hạn, cụm In my
opinion, I think that….. sẽ không tự nhiên.

III. The formula

81
Step 1: Based on the question, choose which classification to use. As
suggested above, there are basically four classifications of people you
can choose from, namely gender, age, work-related, social classes

Dựa trên nội dung câu hỏi (X là gì), chọn xem phân loại X như thế nào.
Như đã gợi ý ở trên, về cơ bản chúng ta có 4 kiểu phân loại nhóm
người chính có thể chọn để trả lời, đó là giới tính (1), độ tuổi (2), công
việc (3) và tầng lớp xã hội (4).

Ví dụ 1 Nếu X là Football  Phân loại theo gender

Young men (high school students) play football; men of all ages –
watch football; (trong trường hợp này, người nói tiếp tục phân loại
nhỏ hơn theo độ tuổi)

Tương phản: football not popular with women

Ví dụ 2: Nếu X là music  Phân lại theo age (độ tuổi)

Young – pop, rock or hip-hop;

Tương phản: The old – older Vietnamese songs, or folk music

Lưu ý: ở bước 1, bạn chỉ cần xác định được mình sẽ phân loại theo tiêu
chí nào dựa trên nội dung câu hỏi, và chưa cần đi sâu vào chi tiết.

Step 2: Depending on what X is in the 2nd step, you have two options in
Step 2

Tùy thuộc vào X là gì, bạn có 2 lựa chọn ở bước 2:

Option 1: Nếu X là một chủ đề cụ thể như “football”, ta nghĩ về 2 nhóm

người để tương phẩn (men vs. women), sau đó mở đầu bằng việc đưa
ra câu trả lời khẳng định

Yes, X is extremely popular in Vietnam

Group of people Football

Male – high school students Like playing

82
 Male – all ages Like watching

Female Not interested

Option 2: Nếu X là một chủ đề chung chung như “Music”, ta cần break
down X thành các loại nhỏ hơn (Tương tự như Approach 2 của bài How
often do you do X), sau đó trả lời rằng “Còn tùy thuộc vào từng loại”:

I think it depends on what kind of music you’re talking about.

Music type Age Group

Young Pop, rock and hip-hop (Modern

music)

Old Older/traditional Vietnamsese

songs/fold music (Traditional
music)

Step 3: talk about the first group (you can further divide the groups
in Step 1)

Nói về nhóm người đầu tiên (bạn có thể chia nhỏ nhóm người đã
xác định ở Step 1 nếu cần thiết)

[I would say that] [the majority of] high school and university male
students regularly play football. As for watching football, I think
most Vietnamese men of all ages frequently watch English
premiere matches.

[In general, the younger generation usually listens to pop, rock or

hip-hop music]

. Step 4: Contrast with the second group (So sánh tương phản với
nhóm 2.

Thay “Although it sounds a bit sexist” bằng “in contrast”

83
 In contrast, I don’t believe football is very popular with many
Vietnamese women. Ta sử dụng “in contrast” làm linking word để so
sánh tương phản với câu trước.

Trong trường hợp ta so sánh 2 vế của 1 câu, ta sử dụng

“While/whereas”

Younger generations ……., whereas the old people tend to listen to …..

Lưu ý 1: để dẫn 2 ý tương phản trong cùng một câu, ta sử dụng

“While/whereas”. Để nối ý tương phản giữa 2 câu khác nhau, ta sử
dụng cụm “In contrast”

Lưu ý 2: Việc cho thêm một group khác vào “Many wealthy people
listen to classical music sometimes going to live concerts”

EXTRA PRACTICE QUESTIONS

Is watching team sports popular where you live? (Gender)

Depends
Most Vietnamese – football matches
Not popular with women
Small percentage: basketball/volleyball (mostly men)

Are bikes popular in your country? (Young/Old or Rich/poor)

Yes

84
Majority, Vietnamese teenagers – bike  go to school
Adults – motorbike & much faster
Weathy – afford car

Is playing sports popular in your university?

Sports – popular, university

Most, 1st year & 2nd year – sport

Good way to relax & have fun

3rd & 4th year students – don’t play sports

Focus: intership & finding a job

85