Appendix EB
Bridge Design Manual - 2002 Steel Reinforced Elastic Bearings Design
APPENDIX EB - STEEL REINFORCED ELASTIC BEARINGS
Dimensions:
L := 350 ⋅mm length of a rectangular elastomeric bearing (parallel to longitudinal bridge axis)
W := 500 ⋅mm width of the bearing in the transverse direction
hr := 11 ⋅mm thickness of thickest elastomeric layer in elastoneric bearing
hs := 4 ⋅mm thickness of the steel reinforcement
hrt := 99 ⋅mm total elastomeric thickness
n := 6 number of interior layers of elastomer
shape factor for the thickest elastomeric layer: (for rectangular bearings without holes)
L ⋅W
S :=
2 ⋅hr ⋅( L + W) S = 9.36 /1/ [Link]-1 /4/ [Link]-1
(8.5)
Material Properties:
G := 1.2 ⋅MPa shear modulus of the elastomer
Fy := 500 ⋅MPa yield strength of steel reinforcement
f´c := 20 ⋅MPa concrete compressiv strength
Loads and rotations:
VS := 1900 ⋅kN maximum total vertical load at the service limit state
VL := 1000 ⋅kN maximum live vertical load at the service limit state
HS := 160 ⋅kN maximum total horisontal load at the service limit state
[Link] := 900 ⋅kN minimum total vertical load at the service limit state
∆ s := 45 ⋅mm maximum shear deformation of the elastomer at the service limit state
θ s := 0.005 ⋅rad rotation about any axis of the pad
Γ := L length of pad if rotation is about its transverse axis, or width of
pad if rotation is about its longitudinal axis
The calculations are based on:
BRIDGE DESIGN MANUAL, VOL I /1/
BRIDGE DESIGN MANUAL, VOL II /2/
BRIDGE DESIGN MANUAL, VOL III /3/
AASHTTO /4/
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Appendix EB
Steel Reinforced Elastic Bearings Design Bridge Design Manual - 2002
Design requirements
Compressive Stress
average compressive stress due to the total load:
σ S := 1.66 ⋅G ⋅S σ S = 18.6 MPa /1/ [Link]-1 /4/ [Link].2-1
(8.7)
σ S := σ S if σ S < 11 ⋅MPa
σ S = 11 MPa
11 ⋅MPa otherwise
VS
σ Sd := σ Sd = 10.9 MPa
L⋅W
condition:= "OK!" if σ Sd ≤ σ S
"No!" otherwise
condition = "OK!"
average compressive stress due to live load:
σ L := 0.66 ⋅G ⋅S σ L = 7.4 MPa /1/ [Link]-2 /4/ [Link].2-2
(8.8)
VL
σ Ld := σ Ld = 5.71 MPa
L⋅W
condition:= "OK!" if σ Ld ≤ σ L
"No!" otherwise
condition = "OK!"
Compressive deflection
VS − VL
σ := σ = 5.143 MPa
L⋅W
ε := 4.3 ⋅% /1/ Fig C [Link]-1
Figure 8-4
δ := ε ⋅hr ⋅n δ = 2.8 mm (8.11)
/1/ [Link]-1 /4/ [Link].3-1
condition:= "OK!" if δ ≤ 3 ⋅mm
"No!" otherwise condition = "OK!"
Shear Deformation
the bearing shold satisfy: 2 ⋅∆ s ≤ hrt /1/ [Link]-1 /4/ [Link].4-1
(8.12)
hrt = 99 mm
2 ⋅∆ s = 90 mm
condition:= "OK!" if 2 ⋅∆ s ≤ hrt
Page EB-2 Ethiopian Roads Authority
Appendix EB
Steel Reinforced Elastic Bearings Design Bridge Design Manual - 2002
Combined Compression and Rotation
Rectangular bearings may be taken to satisfy uplift requirements if they satisfy:
§ θs · § Γ · 2
σ S := 1.0 ⋅G ⋅S ⋅¨ ¸ ⋅¨ ¸ σ S = 9.5 MPa /4/ [Link].5-1 (8.13)
© n ¹ © hr ¹
VS
σ Sd :=
L⋅W σ Sd = 10.9 MPa
condition:= "OK!" if σ Sd > σ S
"No!" otherwise condition = "OK!"
Rectangular bearings subjected to shear should also satisfy:
ª § θ s · § Γ · 2º
σ S := 1.875 ⋅G ⋅S ⋅« 1 − 0.20 ⋅¨ ¸ ⋅¨ ¸ » σ S = 17.5 MPa /1/ [Link]-1 /4/ [Link].5-2
(8.14)
¬ © n ¹ © hr ¹ ¼
VS
σ Sd :=
L⋅W σ Sd = 10.9 MPa
condition:= "OK!" if σ Sd < σ S
"No!" otherwise condition = "OK!"
Stability of Elastomeric Bearings
Define:
hrt
1.92 ⋅
L
A := A = 0.037 /1/ [Link]-2 /4/ [Link].6-3
(8.16)
2.0 ⋅L
S⋅ 1 +
W
2.67
B := B = 0.0214 /1/ [Link]-3 /4/ [Link].6-4
(8.17)
§
S ⋅( S + 2.0) ⋅¨ 1 +
L ·
¸
© 4.0 ⋅W ¹
If the bridge deck is free to translate horisontally:
G
σ S := σ S = 22.4 MPa /1/ [Link]-2 /4/ [Link].6-1
(8.18)
2A − B
VS
σ Sd := σ Sd = 10.9 MPa
L⋅W
condition:= "OK!" if σ Sd ≤ σ S
"No!" otherwise condition = "OK!"
Page EB-3 Ethiopian Roads Authority