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DATE REV. NO. DESCRIPTION Designed Checked Approved

REVISIONS

LARSEN & TOUBRO LIMITED

ECC Division - EDRC

CLIENT : CONSULTANT :

PROJECT : STANDARDISATION OF DESIGN CALCULATIONS

SUPPLIER / CONTRACTOR:
writing

JOB No. S0000-E-IE

TOTAL NO. OF PAGES TITLE :
NAME SIGN DATE
DSGN SMP 29/12/07
DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMER SIZING CALCULATION
CHKD SKW 29/12/07

APPD DM 29/12/07
CODE REV.
DOC. No. S 0 0 0 0 - E - I E - G E - D C - 0 0 0 2
0

RELEASED FOR PRELIMINARY TENDER INFORMATION APPROVAL CONSTRUCTION

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TITLE DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMER SIZING CALCULATION
SMP SKW

DESIGN CALCULATION

DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMER SIZING

 Page4 of 33
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SMP SKW
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TITLE DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMER SIZING CALCULATION
SMP SKW

INDEX

0.0.0 PURPOSE AND SCOPE 3

1.0.0 SYMBOLS AND UNITS 3

2.0.0 REFERENCE STANDARDS 4

3.0.0 ASSUMPTIONS 4

4.0.0 DESIGN INPUTS 4

5.0.0 ENVIRONMENTAL DETAILS 5

6.0.0 STEADY STATE CAPACITY CALCULATION 5

7.0.0 CHECKING OF CAPACITY FOR TRANSIENT CONDITION 5

8.0.0 CHECKING OF VOLTAGE DROP DURING TRANSIENT 6

CONDITION

9.0.0 RESULT 7
 Page6 of 33
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 Page7 of 33
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TITLE DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMER SIZING CALCULATION
SMP SKW

0.0.0 PURPOSE AND SCOPE

The purpose of the document is to select optimum sizing of Distribution Transformer.

1.0.0 SYMBOLS AND UNITS

BL Base Load kVA

Cm Motor cable detail

CosØ Full load power Factor of largest rating motor

Cosqs Motor starting power factor

Cosθ System power factor

DM Design Margin

f Supply Frequency Hz

IFL Full load current of highest rating motor A

Im1 Base load current A

Im2 Increased Base load current due to motor starting A

IS Starting current of motor in terms of voltage A

Ist Starting current of largest rating motor A

K Ratio of starting current to full load current

Lm Length of motor cable kM

MD Total Maximum demand kW

P Rating of largest rated motor kW

Rm Motor cable resistance Ω

Sinqs Reactive power factor of motor during starting

STLM Starting kVA of largest rating motor kVA

TCL Total connected load kVA

VH System Voltage (HV) Volts

VL System Voltage (LV) Volts

Vb Bus voltage during motor starting Volts

Vm Motor terminal voltage during starting Volts

Vph Phase voltage at low voltage side Volts

Xm Motor cable reactance Ω

 Page8 of 33
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XS Source reactance pu

Xso Net source reactance (Grid, Transformer) Ω

XT Transformer reactance Ω

Z Transformer impedance %

η Full load efficiency of largest rated motor %

 Page9 of 33
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2.0.0 REFERENCE STANDARDS

IS 2026- PART-1 (1977) (Specifications for Power transformers)

IS 325 (1996) (Specifications for three phase Induction Motors)

IEC 354 (1991) (Loading guide for oil immersed Transformer)

3.0.0 ASSUMPTIONS

The power transformer is with OLTC which compensates the voltage drop due to source during steady state condition and 100 % voltage is
maintained at the source.
The voltage drop due to bus duct / cable between primary and source has been neglected.

4.0.0 DESIGN INPUTS

4.1.1 System Voltage at High Voltage side VH : 6600 V

4.1.2 System Voltage at Low Voltage side VL : 415 V

4.1.3 Frequency f : 50 Hz

4.1.4 Total maximum Demand MD : 1737.4 kVA

4.1.5 Total connected load TCL 2000 kVA

4.1.6 Design margin DM : 20%

4.1.7 System power factor Cosθ : 0.8

4.1.8 Phase Voltage at low voltage side Vph : 239.608 V

4.1.9 Largest rating motor data

[Link] Power Rating P : 55 kW

[Link] Type of motor and starter : Sq. Cage / DOL

[Link] Full load power factor CosØ : 0.8 (Refer Motor data sheet)

[Link] Starting power factor Cosqs : 0.3 (Refer Motor data sheet)

Sinqs : 0.954
 Page10 of 33
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[Link] Full load efficiency η : 90%

[Link] Ratio of Starting current to full load current K : 6

4.1..9.7 Motor Cable detail Cm : 3Cx400 Sqmm, XLPE, Cu.

No of runs : 1

Length of the Cable Lm : 0.16 kM

Resistance of the Cable @ 90ºC / kM : 0.0602 Ω / kM

Resistance of the Cable @ 90ºC Rm : 0.009632 Ω

Reactance of the Cable / kM : 0.0704 Ω / kM

Reactance of the Cable Xm : 0.011264 Ω

Recommended source fault
4.1.10 Source parameters 6.6kV MVA as per IS 2026 Part-1
Table-4 is 500.00
Source Fault MVA : 1000 MVA

5.0.0 ENVIRONMENTAL DETAILS

NA

6.0.0 STEADY STATE CAPACITY CALCULATION

6.1.2 Transformer capacity required : MD

(1-DM)

: 1737.4
(1 - 0.2)

: 2172 kVA

6.1.3 So the selected size of the transformer : 2500 kVA

7.0.0 CHECKING OF CAPACITY FOR TRANSIENT CONDITION

7.1.1 Base load BL : MD - P * MD / TCL / cosØ

: 1737.4 - 55 * 1737.4 / 2000 / 0.8

: 1678 kVA

7.1.2 Base load current Im1 : BL*1000

√3 * VL

: BL * 1000
√3 * 415

: 2334.51 A
 Page11 of 33
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7.1.3 Full load current of motor IFL : P * 1000

√3*VL**CosØ * η

: 55 * 1000
√3*415**0.8 * 0.9

: 106.276 A

7.1.4 Starting Current of motor Ist : 1.2 * K*IFL

20% tolerance on starting
current as per IS 325
: 1.2 *6*106.276 Table-1

: 765.1872 A

7.1.5 Starting kVA of motor STLM : √3*VL*Ist

1000
 Page12 of 33
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: √3*415*765.1872
1000

: 550.00 kVA

7.1.6 Total starting kVA required : (STLM + BL)

: 550.002 + 1678

: 2228 kVA

7.1.7 The transformer is capable of withstanding 200% overloading.

: 5000 kVA
So over load withstand capacity of the Transformer

(As per IEC: 354 (1991) Table-1

CHECKING OF VOLTAGE DROP DURING LARGEST MOTOR

8.0.0
STARTING

8.1.1 Base parameters

Base impedance at 1 MVA and 0.415kV : 0.172225 Ω

8.1.2 Source parameters 6.6kV

Source Fault MVA : 1000 MVA

Source Reactance XS : 0.0010 pu

8.1.3 Transformer Parameters Recommended Percentage

Impedance as per IS2026
Part-1 Table-3 is 6.25
Percentage Impedance Z : 6.25 %

Transformer Reactance XT : 0.02750 pu

10% tolerance on
transformer reactance as per
Net Source Reactance : XT + XS
IS 2026-PART-1 Table-7
0.000 pu
: 0.02850 pu

: 0.0285 * 0.172225

XSO : 0.005 Ω

8.1.4 Phasor diagram

Vph

(Im2-Im1) Xso -0.07 V

Is Xso 3.69 V

Vb

Is Xm 8.30 V
 Page13 of 33
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Vm IS Rm

220.26 V
Vm Sinqs

Vm Cosqs IS
69.2627 7
 Page14 of 33
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8.1.5 Calculation

From the above phasor diagram

Vph2 = (Vm Cosqs + IS Rm)2 + (Vm Sinqs +IS Xm +IS XSO + XSO (Im2-Im1))2 ---------- (I)

Motor Starting Current IS : Ist Vm/ Vph ----------(a)

For constant kVA modeling Im2 : Im1 Vph/ Vb ----------(b)

Also, bus voltage Vb : (Vm cos qs+ IS Rm)2 + (Vm sin qs +IS Xm)2 ----------(c)

Putting the Equations (a), (b) & (c) in Equation (I) we get)
2 2
Vph2 = Vm Cosqs + Ist Rm Vm + Vm Sinqs + Ist Vm (Xm+ XSO) + XSO Im1 (Vph-Vb)
Vph Vph Vb

Please press Ctrl+K to run the Macro

Voltage available at Motor Terminal during starting of largest Motor

Vm : 230.88 V

: 96.36 %

Similarly, Voltage available at Bus during starting of largest Motor

Vb : 240.98 V

: 100.58 %

Increased Base load current due to motor starting

Im2 : 2334.512*239.608
240.98

: 2321.221 A

Starting current of motor in terms of voltage : 765.1872 * 230.88

239.608

IS : 737.301 A

9.0.0 RESULT

Description Calculated Value Required

Rating of Transformer (kVA) 2500 2172

Thermal loading on the transformer during motor starting 89% 200%

Voltage available at motor terminal during motor starting 96.36% 85% 0.00%
 Page15 of 33
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Voltage available at Bus during motor starting 100.58% 90% 0.00%

As all the conditions are satisfied, the selected transformer size of 2.5 MVA is Safe