Air Engineering News Letter
[Link] 2010
e-news letter by Vahyu Technologies
[Link]
How effective is role of Air-conditioning in Are you proud to be in textile industry.?
textile process- an overview- [Link] read this !
Refrigeration is a process of producing cold or a
process of taking away heat.
Air conditioning is a form of refrigeration. when
we use air as medium for cooling ,it is called air-
conditioning.
Air-condition is defined as a process of treating
air so as to control simultaneously its
temperature,humidity,cleaniness and distribution
to meet the requirements of the conditioned
space.
Air-condition is based on properties of air. In the
year 1911, [Link] Carrier presented to the
American Society of Mechanical Engineers, the
Psychrometric formulas and psychrometric charts.
‘Psychro’means cold and ‘metrics’ means
measurement.
The Psychrometric process are:
[Link] Heating
[Link] cooling
[Link] and dehumidification
[Link] and humidification
[Link] and dehumidification
[Link] and humidification Courtesy: TNT
[Link]
[Link]-humidification
Process is chosen based on ambient and required some learning to refresh ourselves:
conditions. As such the system is provided with
equipments to carry the process. A proper CFM: Cubic feet per minute (ft x ft²=ft³ )
CMH- Cubic meter per hour (mxm² = m³)
Estimation of various heat, cooling loads, design,
1 cubic meter=35.315 cubic feet
selection of equipments, installation& balancing
CMH= CFM x 1.7
alone can ensure desired performance of system.
KW=HP ÷ 0.746
Air-conditioning systems must have equipments FPM-FEET per minute
to do the following work: m/s=meter per second
[Link] of air FPM=m/s ÷ 0.00508
[Link] of Air
[Link] of Temperature
[Link] of Humidity
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Air Engineering News Letter
[Link] 2010
e-news letter by Vahyu Technologies
[Link]
I-Filtration: 2. Clean air quality is lesser than foam media.
Filtering of air for industrial purpose is based on 3. While fixing, the acrylic plush to face the direction
application. of rotation with suction nozzle which is mostly
In textile industry the application is to avoid overlooked leading to early worn out of fur media.
pollution of dusty and fibrous air into atmosphere 4. Washing is normally not recommended.
as well as maintaining clean working 5. Depending upon the fur thickness the dust holding
environment. Different filters are employed. like capacity increases.
lint catchers, micro dust removal filters, Pre- 6. The pressure drop characteristics are such that
filtering [Link] as well as static filters. higher the velocity across media the higher will be
pressure drop.
The filter media commonly used are Polyurethane
foam type, Acrylic/ synthetic non-woven type for II-Motion of Air:
rotary and nylon mesh/ pleat type for static filters.
High efficiency filter media is used for Air movement is done by means of mechanical
Polyester/Nylon filament process. equipment Called Fans or Blowers.
The filter media performance has direct bearing The fans can be classified as:
on the airflow of the fan and overall system [Link] flow fans (tube axial, vane axial, propeller)
resistance. Hence a slight overlook on [Link] fans (forward curve,Radial,backward)
maintenance will be costly in terms of Energy
consumption, suction from pnemofil/ machines For Low pressure and large volume applications
and trenches, dissipation of heat from motors, and Axial fans are used. Whereas for Medium & high
so the Quality of product. pressure and low volume applications centrifugal
fans are used.
The filter media commonly used are Polyurethane
foam type media and Acrylic fur type media. Fans should be capable of handling the volume of air
Polyurethane type: and deliver at required pressure so as the air shall
reach/suck till tail end & over come the system
1. Polyurethane foam type media is a By-product resistance.
of petroleum and has certain unique
characteristics. It is excellent for filtering dust Fan efficiency differs on the types, design parameter,
particles even less than 10 microns ( ranges from material construction, drives, speed etc. Fans to be
10PPI to 100 PPI) selected only based on life-cycle cost and not on
2. Cleaning of filter media with compressed air is installation cost.
to be done from inside. Only dry air to be used Fans constitute around 80% Power of Air-condition
other wise moisture gets inside the pores and station load in textiles(evaporative cooling system)
micro dust settles quickly.
3. foam media are washable but to be cleaned
with compressed air before and after and dried
completely after washing.
Acrylic/Synthetic Non-Woven filter media:
1. Its advantage is dust holding capacity and cost
effective comparatively to foam media. Suitable
for the dust and waste with excessive thrash
content.
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Air Engineering News Letter
[Link] 2010
e-news letter by Vahyu Technologies
[Link]
III-Control of temperature:
Irrespective of outside conditions certain working How Textile firms need to focus on increasing
temperatures are recommended for various textile their competitiveness:
processes. ([Link], wool, linen, worsted, silk,
rayon etc).
In order to obtain recommended working
temperature the air-conditioning station must be
equipped in the design stage itself
Recommended typical temperatures are;
Spinning: 32 to 35 ºC (cotton)
Weaving 24 to 28 ºC (cotton)
The Ambient temperature depends upon the
Altitude (from sea level), latitude, geographical
locations, weather conditions.
Transmission of Heat from outside to condition
space in Summer
And Dissipation of heat from inside space to
outside during monsoon/winter is key area to be
carefully noted for control of room temperature.
Different type of material will absorb and
transmit heat according to their properties. E.g.
Brick, glass, asbestos, wood etc has different heat
transfer co-efficient.
IV-Control of Humidity:
Humidity is first to be identified as Absolute
Humidity and relative Humidity.
Absolute humidity: is the grains of moisture in
mass of air.(this is only critical for performance
of textile fibers which are hygroscopic)
Relative humidity: is the moisture holding
capacity of air when in fully saturated condition
for a given temperature. (e.g. 50% RH condition
can be obtained at different dry bulb condition)
Based on ambient conditions humidity can be
controlled in the conditioned space.
For each textile process, location, machinery Courtesy: Vision stmt by CITI
layout, factory construction types Humidity and
temperature has to be effectively monitored and
controlled. Other related topics in next issue
Air-conditioning when done complete with
refrigerant chillers can achieve required
temperature and humidity levels all round the
year irrespective of ambient conditions. But
mostly evaporative cooling system is installed in
India due to low operating cost.
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