NAME: HAMEEDA SHOUKAT

CLASS: BPA 5TH SEMESTER

ROLL NO: 19
SUBJECT: STATISTICS
DPT: PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

[Link] obtained in a certain aptitude test by a group of 40 students are given bellow.

62 57 48 52 49 42 53 46 48 59 60 55 53 48

55 43 45 50 46 53 50 59 47 50 56 48 54 47

55 50 58 56 48 56 55 61 4 55 58 61

a) Prepare a frequency distribution with group of three unit each (e.g. 41 44, 44 47)
b) Determine the cut- off mark at which 8 students. Who secure the highest marks, will be selected for
Admission.
c) If management decided to select 12% students for admission, then calculate the minimum passing
Marks.
A.

Class Limit Class F M CF

boundries
41-44 40.5-44.5 2 42.5 2
45-48 44.5-48.5 11 46.5 13
46-52 48.5-52.5 6 50.5 19
53-56 52.5-56.5 13 54.5 31
57-60 56.5-60.5 5 58.5 35
61-64 60.5- 64.5 3 62.5 38

=40
 B. CUT OF MARKS

61-64 -- 3 students

57-60 -- 5 students

57 will be the cut off marks in which 8 students with highest (57) are selected.

C. Total students = 40

12% x 40 = 4.8 ~ 4

Minimum passing marks = 60 with 4 students

Q.2.A multinational company operating in Pakistan pays its employee’s weakly basis in US ($00)
according to the following schedule.

Weakly Wages No. of Employees

10 20 08
20 30 14
30 40 25
40 50 3
50 60 46
60 70 39
70 80 28
80 90 17
90 100 08

a) Determine Mean and Standard Deviation of weekly wages.

b) Calculate 60th percentile

Q2:
 C.I Frequency(F) X FX x2 fx 2 C.F

10-20 08 15 120 225 1800 08

20-30 14 25 350 625 8750 22

30-40 25 35 875 1225 30625 47

40-50 35 45 1575 2025 70875 82

50-60 46 55 2530 3025 139150 128

60-70 39 65 2535 4225 164775 167

70-80 28 75 2100 5625 157500 195

80-90 17 85 1445 7225 122825 212

90-100 08 95 760 9025 72200 220

∑F=220 ∑Fx=1229 ∑F x 2
0 =768500

a) Mean:

x̄=∑fx/∑f

x̄=12290/220

x̄ =55.8636 55.86

Standard Deviation:
=√∑fx 2 /∑f-(∑fx/∑f) 2

=√768500/220-(12290/220) 2

=√3493.1818-(55.8636)

=√3493.1818-3120.7418

=√372.44
=19.2987

(b) Percentile
Percentile 60 = l+h/f (60 ∑f/100- CF

=50+10/46 (60(220)/100-82)

=50+10/46(50)

=50+500/46

=50+10.8696

Percentile 60 = 60.8696

Q.3. From the data given in question no.1 above.

a) Determine median and mode weekly wages.

C.I F C. B C.F

10-20 8 9.5-20.5 8

20-30 14 19.5-20.5 22

30-40 25 29.5-40.5 47

40-50 35 39.5-50.5 82

50-60 46 49.5-60.5 128

60-70 39 59.5-70.5 167

70-80 28 69.5-80.5 195

80-90 17 79.5-90.5 212

90-100 8 89.5-100.5 220

a)Mode

∑F=220
 Fm−F 1
X ¿ =¿ L + ×L
2 Fm−F 1−F 2

46−35
X ¿ =49.5+ × 11
2 ( 46 )−35−39

11
X ¿ =49.5+
92−74 × 11

11
X^=49.5+ × 11
18

X ¿ =49.5+ 0.611×11

X ¿ =49.5+ 6.722

X ¿ =56.222

MEDIAN

= (∑2𝟊 ) n
= (2202) n
=110
L
( EF )
= L+ F 2−C . F
11 220
=49.5+ 46 (2−82)
=49.5+0.239(110-82)
=49.5+0.239(28)
=49.5+6.692
=56.192
3b. Calculate quartiles:
Lower quartile=Q1=?
Middle quartile=Q2= Median=56.089
Upper quartile=Q3=?

∑ 𝟊th 220th
First step: 4 value = 4 value= 55th value

Which lies in the group of (40th -50)

∑𝟊
Formula: Q1=L + 4 −C . Fס
F

∑𝟊
L= 40,¡=10, =55, C.F =47 and f=35
4

Since,
∑𝟊
Q1= L + 4 −C . Fס
F

Therefore,
55−47
Q1= 40+ 35
× 10

8
Q1= 40+ 35 ×10

Q1= 40+0.228× 10

Q1= 40+2.285

Q1=42.285

Upper quartile= Q2
3 (∑𝟊 ) th 3 (220 ) th
First step : value = value
4 4

660 th value
= 4
= 165th value

Which lies in the group of (60-70)

FORMULA:
3 ∑𝟊
Q3=L+ 4 −C . F ס
F

3(∑𝟊 )
L=60,
4
= 165, C.F =128,¡=¿ 10 and f=39

∑𝟊
Since,Q3=L+ 4 −C . Fס
F

THEREFORE:
+ 165−128
Q3=60 39
×10

37
Q3=60+ 39 ×10

Q3=60+0.9487×10

Q3=60+9.4871

Q3= 69.4871

[Link] data show the advertising expenditure (X) and sales revenue (y) of a
particular industry.
X ($100) : 1 2 3 4 5
Y ($1000) : 2 2 4 5 6

4a: calculate co efficient of correlation:

X Y XY x2 Y2
1 2 2 1 4
2 2 4 4 4
3 4 12 9 16
4 5 20 16 25
5 6 30 25 36
∑X=15 ∑Y=19 ∑ XY =68 ∑ x2=55 ∑ Y2 =85
 n ∑ XY −(∑ X )(∑ Y )
r=
√ n ∑ X 2−¿ ¿
( 5 )( 68 )−(15)(19)
r=
√ ( 5 ) ( 55 )−¿ ¿ ¿

340−285
r= 275−225 425−7225
√ √

55
r=
√50 √ 6800
55
r= ( 7.07 ) ( 82.462 ) ¿
¿

55
r = 583.007
r= 0.094

4b: Fit linear Regression line y= a+bx

Solve:

X Y XY X2 Y2
1 2 2 1 4
2 2 4 4 4
3 4 12 9 16
4 5 20 16 25
4 6 30 25 36
∑X=15 ∑Y=19 ∑XY=68 ∑ X 2 =55 ∑Y 2=85

n ∑ XY −(∑ X )(∑ Y )
b= 2
n ∑ x 2−(∑ x)¿ ¿
 5 ( 68 )−( 15 ) (19)
b=
5 ( 55 )−(15)2

340−285
b= 275−225

55
b= 50

b= 1.1

∑X
x̄= n

15
x̄ = 5

x̄ =5

∑Y
ȳ= n

19
ȳ=5

ȳ= 3.8

a= ȳ-b x̄
a=3.8-(1.1)(3)
a= 0.5

Y= a+bx
Y= 0.5+(1.1)(100)
Y= 0.5+ 110
Y= 110.5 ANS
Q.5. Define the following
Statistics
Descriptive statistics
Inferential Statistics
Population
Sample

Statistics is the scientific methodology of collection, organization, summarization,

presentation and interpretation of data.
A branch of mathematics dealing with the collection, analysis, interpretation, and
presentation of masses of numerical data is known as statistics.

Descriptive statistics
Descriptive data involves the collection, organization, summarization and interpretation of a
given data set, which can be either a representation of the entire/complete data or a sample
of a
population.

Inferential Statistics
Inferential statistics allows you to make predictions (“inferences”) from that data. With
inferential statistics, you take data from samples and make generalizations about a
population.
OR
It involves estimation or production or forecasting of population parameters on the basis of
sample information.

Population
A population is the entire pool from which a statistical sample is drawn. A population may
refer to an entire group of people, objects, events, hospital visits, or measurements. A
complete set of data is called population.
Sample
A sample data set contains a part, or a subset, of a population. The size of a sample is
always less than the size of the population from which it is taken. A fact or piece of data
obtained from a study of a large quantity of numerical data is
known as statistic.

Qualities of questionnaire
Qualities of questionnaire include:
I. Questions should be clear, simple and easy worded.
II. There should be minimum number of questions which cover all aspects of research, and
questions must be relevant.
III. It should not include questions that make biasness.
IV. Questions should be arranged in logical orders or equines.
V. We should not use double meaning questions.

 Matrix Questions
Matrix questions are those which have similar set of responses.
For example: Strongly agree, agree, neutral, disagree, and strongly disagree.

Contingency Questions
Contingency questions are those which depend upon response of previous questions.
A question that is answered only if the respondent gives a particular response to a previous
question is contingency questions.
For example: Have you ever smoked a cigarette?
___Yes ___ No
If YES, how many times have you smoked cigarette?
-once
-2-5 times
-6-10 times
-more than 10 times

The second question above is what we refer to as a contingency question following up a

closed-ended question.
Types of qualitative and quantitative variables
Qualitative Variables - Variables that are not measurement variables. Their values
do not result from measuring or counting.
TYPES: Nominal and Ordinal Variables
Nominal variables:
A qualitative nominal variable is a qualitative variable where no ordering is possible
or implied in the levels. For example, the variable gender is nominal because there is no
order in the levels female/male. Eye color is another example of a nominal variable
because there is no order among blue, brown or green eyes.

Ordinal variables:
On the other hand, a qualitative ordinal variable is a qualitative variable with
an order implied in the levels. For instance, if the severity of road accidents has been
measured on a scale such as light, moderate and fatal accidents, this variable is a
qualitative ordinal variable because there is a clear order in the levels.
Another good example is health, which can take values such as poor, reasonable,
good, or excellent. Again, there is clear order in these levels so health is in this case a
qualitative ordinal variable.

Quantitative Variables - Variables whose values result from counting or measuring

something.
TYPES: Discrete variables and Continuous
Quantitative discrete variables are variables for which the values it can take
are countable and have a finite number of possibilities. The values are often (but not
always) integers. Here are some examples of discrete variables:
 Number of children per family
 Number of students in a class
 Number of citizens of a country
On the other hand, quantitative continuous variables are variables for which the
values are not countable and have an infinite number of possibilities. For example:

 Age
 Weight
 Height