SPEECH

B. Types of speech
A. Definition
1. Informative speech
Speech is: 2. Entertaining speech
3. Demonstrative speech
a. The expression of or the ability to express thoughts and
4. Persuasive speech
feelings by articulate sounds.
5. Motivational speech
b. A formal address or discourse delivered to an audience.
6. Impromptu speec
While public speaking has two definitions based on Webster 7. Oratorical speech
third new International dictionary, they are: 8. Special occasion speech
a. The act of process of making speech in public.
b. The art of science of effective oral communication with
an audience. C. Kind of speech
According to Templeton and Fitzgerald (1999, as cited in Yee 1. Memorizer
& Abidin, 2014) “public speaking is having a speaker to stand A speech based on memorized script. It is well-prepared
before the audience to deliver a speech in a structured manner, speech usually done by some beginers or student in some
with the purpose of either persuade, inform or entertain the formal school.
audience”. It is a process or act to performing a speech to a group 2. Manuscript
of people in a structured in order to inform, influence, or A speech delivered by reading prepared script. Usually
entertain the listener. done by senior officer, government official and e.c.t.
The ability in public speaking can be trained, through regular 3. Impromptu
exercises and strong willingness. Sudden speech or a speech that is not prepared before
4. Extempore
Well prepared speech but delivered not by reading the
script or memorizing it.
 HOW TO BE A GOOD PUBLIC SPEAKER
b. To persuade

Preparation The second general purpose people can have for

speaking is to persuade. When we speak to persuade, we
Before delivering your speech, you have to follow all these attempt to get listeners to embrace a point of view or to
steps. adopt a behavior that they would not have done
otherwise. A persuasive speech can be distinguished
1. Knowing the purpose
from an informative speech by the fact that it includes a
You might just have to deliver a speech for your assignment call for action for the audience to make some change in
and to get a good score. But to be a good public speaker, you their behavior or thinking.
have to bear in your mind that there are bigger goals you can
c. To entertain
achieve when you deliver a good speech.
The fundamental goal of an entertaining speech is
There are three general goal of speech
audience enjoyment, which can come in a variety of
a. To inform forms. Entertaining speeches can be funny or serious.
Overall, entertaining speeches are not designed to give
The first general purpose that some people have for
an audience a deep understanding of life but instead to
giving speeches is to inform. Simply put, this is about
function as a way to divert an audience from their day-
helping audience members acquire information that they
to-day lives for a short period of time. This is not to say
do not already possess. Audience members can then use
that an entertaining speech cannot have real content that
this information to understand something (e.g., speech
is highly informative or persuasive, but its goal is
on a new technology, speech on a new virus) or to
primarily about the entertaining aspects of the speech
perform a new task or improve their skills (e.g., how to
and not focused on the informative or persuasive quality
swing a golf club, how to assemble a layer cake).
of the speech.
Remember, on a bigger occasion, your audience want to
listen to you to gain knowledge. 2. Knowing your audience
You can’t speak about political issues in front of children,
they will not understand. You can’t talk about how to
checkmate in three steps if your audiences are marbles player. Now, combine between your words and the article you
So by knowing who will be your audiences, it will help you read and add certain opinion that you found in the
in the next step. articles if you think that it is important to be delivered.
If it’s not, just combine them to have better language
3. Choose the best topic
structure.
Either to inform or to persuade or to entertain, there is
only one way to choose the best topic for your speech.
d. Listen
Choose a topic that you have the credibility to speak about it
and/or you have interest in it. By doing so, you will be more After following the preceding steps, find audios or
confident to speak and having confidence will help 50% of videos about your points and see how they deliver their
your performance. opinions.
4. Having a good preparation e. Practice
After deciding certain topic of your speech, of course you This is the most important step. Record and evaluate
will have something in mind about what you want to deliver yourself, and then practice more!
in your speech. Now, follow these steps!
a. Write
“It takes one hour of preparation for each minutes of
Write some points that you want deliver in your speech presentation time.” Wayne Burgraff
then add one sentence of your opinion for each points.
b. Read
Those are the preparations you need before performing your
Find an article or more about your points, read and see speech. Now it’s
how the article expressing the opinions of your points.

c. Combine and/or Add

 SHOW TIME

Oh wait! Before the actual show time, there are two some step in proper, no fidgeting, pacing, bouncing
points that you have to concern. They are: up and down, and swaying on your body or hands.
1. Your body language
3. Gesture. You can maximize it into three purposes:
2. Your vocal variety
Let’s discuss about them one by one a. Use hand gesture for showing weight, size,
shape, location or direction
b. Move your hands as well for showing urgency
BODY LANGUAGE or importance of the certain ideas
Remember, your body speaks! From the beginning your name is c. Optimize them as a sign to show the union,
being called and speaker starts making steps, everyone will put similarity or difference.
close attention to every detail on how you move and what you do.
We classify into 5 parts, they are: 4. Facial expression. Learn how to analyze the
emotion of each characters you speak and be
1. Stance. Stand on purpose with your head up and expressive
shoulder back. Avoid standing like super model by
crossing your legs and let your hands feel free. do 5. Eyes contact. It's the hardest part and the most
not across in the arm or tie them at the back crucial part in body language. Anyhow still
speaker must learn effectively how to be friendly
2. Movement. The way how you can manage your and having strong sight to the audiences.
audiences. See and identify how big and how small
the room is, the number of the audiences, raw of
their seat as well. Get close to the audiences and
make an interactive two ways communication. Do
YOUR VOCAL VARIETY b. Pitch. It's about stressing intonation of your sentence, in
music world it's well known as a musical scale.
Look how the TV presenter, news anchor, even radio c. Rate. It’s about how many words you speak in a minute
announcer plays the voice and intonation beautifully. d. Quality. Each sentences the speaker speaks must contain
the emotion in proper
Their voice seems easy to listen to. It’s very friendly,
e. Expressive. Speak with your heart and your soul, not
conversational, natural, powerful and expressive as
your mouth.
well. Here are some steps to improve the quality of
vocal variety. They are: “You can speak well if your tongue can deliver the
a. Volume. Speak not to loud and not too weak as well. b. massage of your heart” John Ford.

THE REAL SHOW TIME!!!!

Basic structure of public speaking

According to Sandmann (as cited in Husnah, 2015) a speech OPENING
should consist of an introduction, body, and conclusion. Speeches
Great opening lines to a speech get us curious and can set
should take the speaker in a circle from A to Z. Means that
the direction for a powerful talk.
speeches start at the top of the circle with the introduction, then
continued with the body all around the circle, and end up back at In those first few seconds you have the chance to gain your
the top with the conclusion. All the parts fit together and flow audience’s attention, earn their trust, and persuade them you are
together in this circle, and the conclusion takes the speaker right someone worth listening to. So, the opening of a speech has to be
back to the introduction, with an enhanced understanding of the powerful to gain audience’s attention. And here are some ways to
topic. have powerful opening.
Let’s get deep into it one by one 1. Visual impact.
Using the item to drive opinion to the audience
2. Quote You can invite the audience to do something with you.
Opening with a relevant quote can help set the tone for Singing a song or trying something with their body.
the rest of your speech.
There are a lot of other ways to open your speech. These
3. “What If” Scenario
are just examples and proven to be good one.
Immediately drawing your audience into your speech
works wonders. Asking a “what if” question invites the Body
audience to follow your thought process.
“What if we were all blunt? How different would our Now that you have chosen the appropriate opening
everyday lives be? What would happen if we said what remarks, it is time to write the body of your speech. It is often
was on our minds, all day every day?” said that the important parts of a speech are the opening and
4. “Imagine” Scenario closing remarks and everything in between is filler. This is not,
A similar method, but more relevant for sensational and should not, be the case. The body of the speech is where you
examples.  It puts your audience members directly into offer the evidence to support your main message. An effective
the presentation by allowing each member to visualize an public speaker will use this opportunity to deliver a powerful
extraordinary scenario. speech that will be memorable for the audience.
“Imagine jumping out of a skydiving plane and Here are some ways to ease you to concept your speech
discovering your parachute doesn’t work. What memories
would flash before you? Now imagine the parachute 1. Using technique of 5W1H
opened. How differently would you act when you 2. Cause and Effect
landed?” 3. Problem and Solution
5. Question 4. Positive and Negative
Ask a rhetorical or literal question. When someone is All of the ways above are needed in your preparation before
posed with a question, whether an answer is called for or delivering your speech.
not, that person intuitively answers.
“Who wouldn’t want to live on an exotic island?” What to concern
6. Surprising fact
1. Supporting material
You can open your speech by “do you know that?”
After each point that you want to deliver, you have to add
followed by surprising fact. It will make the audiences to
supporting material to convince the audience that your
be more curious.
points are true. Supporting material can be either facts or
7. Audience’s participation
 data or even stories. If you have to tell a story in your 1. Conclusion
supporting material, as much as possible, the story comes
from your own experience. Review the main points, recap and conclude them into one
2. Transition flowing sentence.
Speech transitions are words and phrases that allow you to 2. Grabbing the audience
smoothly move from one point to another so that your
speech flows and your presentation is unified. Speaker can approach the audiences in the end of speech by
This makes it easier for the audience to understand your a. A promise
argument and without transitions the audience may be b. Invitation
confused as to how one point relates to another and they may c. Stories
think you're randomly jumping between points. d. Quotation
3. Chronological technique At last speaker, you don’t need to worry over these things, the
vocabularies, the education background, the accent, the voice and the
Your speech have to be in chronological order. You can’t audience’s opinions. Believe in yourself, put your head up, speak
jump from past to future in an instance. confidently, walk on purpose and speak to inspire!
4. Using the technique of “Rule of Three” “If you can speak, you can influence. If you can influence, you can
change lives.” Rob Brown.
If you want your speech to be remembered, using this
technique is very powerful as average human brain can only
remember up to three points for listening only once.
“Kalau bisa hanya dengan bacot, kenapa harus adu pukul?” Timor
2021.
CLOSING

Let’s get impressive closing

There are two parts of an interesting closing, they are: