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Managing Allergic Rhinitis in Patients

This document discusses allergic rhinitis (hay fever) by providing information on its causes, symptoms, and treatment options. It states that hay fever is caused by an allergic reaction to airborne allergens like pollen, dust mites, animal dander, etc. Common symptoms include sneezing, stuffy nose, runny nose, and itchy eyes. The document then outlines and describes several medical interventions for treating hay fever, including antihistamines, nasal corticosteroids, decongestants, cromolyn sodium, leukotriene modifiers, and oral corticosteroids in severe cases. Nursing goals and interventions are also mentioned for managing symptoms and educating patients.

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Hsintan Hsu
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152 views7 pages

Managing Allergic Rhinitis in Patients

This document discusses allergic rhinitis (hay fever) by providing information on its causes, symptoms, and treatment options. It states that hay fever is caused by an allergic reaction to airborne allergens like pollen, dust mites, animal dander, etc. Common symptoms include sneezing, stuffy nose, runny nose, and itchy eyes. The document then outlines and describes several medical interventions for treating hay fever, including antihistamines, nasal corticosteroids, decongestants, cromolyn sodium, leukotriene modifiers, and oral corticosteroids in severe cases. Nursing goals and interventions are also mentioned for managing symptoms and educating patients.

Uploaded by

Hsintan Hsu
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

NUR 535 Allergic Rhinitis Concept Map by Kathryn Lusung (prezi.

com)

Zoom-Allergy-Hay Fever-Itching [Link] ([Link])

Prezi

Results
in:

 Sniffling
 Sneezing
 Coughing

 Swelling
 Runny nose
 Watery Eyes

 Itchy skin
 Itchy Eyes
 Itchy Nose

Caused By:

 Pollen
 Mold, Dust, Dust Mites
 Animals
 Man- Made Materials
 Hay, Straw
 Trees, Glowers, Grass

Treatments
(What we will all do)
Medical Interventions
(What the doctor will do)

 Antihistamines
 Corticosteroids (Nasal Spray)
 Getting rid of Sensitivity
 Avoiding thing (allergen) that makes you sneeze, cough, itch, and have a runny nose or eyes.

Nursing Interventions
(What the nurse will do).
Diagnosis: Ineffective breathing pattern related to sensitivity to an allergen as
evidenced by above signs and symptoms.
Goals (What we want for you):

 At end of shift, patient will identify 3 signs and symptoms requiring treatment.
 At end of session, patient will be able to identify one (or more depending on patient) allergen(s) to
occur.

Interventions (What we will do for you):

 Monitor respiratory status and observe for changes including shortness of breath, coughing,
sneezing, etc.
 Assess patient for a possible narrowed airway through increased respiratory effort.
 Assess pulse oximetry.
 Assess level of anxiety.

Evaluation (What we want to happen):

 Client is able to identify three signs and symptoms requiring immediate treatment.
 Patient is able to identify one allergen that causes symptoms.

Diagnosis: Knowledge deficit related to lack of information evidenced by


continuous exposure to allergen and not taking correct medications.
Goals (What we want for you):

 Patient will verbalize 2-3 causes of allergic reaction at the end of day.
 At end of session, client will state two facts related to each medication that doctor prescribes.

Interventions (What we'll do):

 Assess readiness and current level of knowledge.


 Be alert of signs of avoidance.
 Determine blocks to learning.

Evaluation (What we want to happen):

 Patient is able to verbalize 2-3 causes of allergies.


 Client stated 2 facts related to each medication.
 Willingness to initiation lifestyle.
References
Doenges, M.E., Moorhouse, M.F. & Murr, A.C. (2010). Nurse’s pocket guide:
Diagnoses, prioritized interventions, and rationales. Philadelphia, PA: Davis.
Gulanick, M. & Myers, J.L. (2007). Nursing care plans: Nursing diagnosis and
interventions
(6th ed.). St. Louis, MI: Mosby Elsevier.
PPT - Allergic Rhinitis and co-morbidities in children PowerPoint Presentation - ID:4491925
([Link])

 Nasal corticosteroids. These prescription nasal sprays help prevent and treat


the nasal inflammation, nasal itching and runny nose caused by hay fever. For
many people they're the most effective hay fever medications, and they're often the
first type of medication prescribed.

Examples include mometasone (Nasonex) and budesonide (Rhinocort), both


available by prescription, and Fluticasone (Flonase Allergy Relief), budesonide
(Rhinocort Allergy) and triamcinolone (Nasacort Allergy 24 Hour), available over
the counter. The prescription nasal spray azelastine and fluticasone (Dymista)
combines an antihistamine with a steroid.

Nasal corticosteroids are a safe, long-term treatment for most people. Side effects
can include an unpleasant smell or taste and nose irritation. Steroid side effects
are rare.

 Antihistamines. These preparations are usually given as pills. However, there


are also antihistamine nasal sprays and eyedrops. Antihistamines can help with
itching, sneezing and a runny nose but have less effect on congestion. They work
by blocking a symptom-causing chemical released by your immune system during
an allergic reaction (histamine).

Over-the-counter pills include loratadine (Claritin, Alavert), cetirizine (Zyrtec


Allergy) and fexofenadine (Allegra Allergy). The prescription antihistamine nasal
sprays azelastine (Astelin, Astepro) and olopatadine (Patanase) can relieve nasal
symptoms. Antihistamine eyedrops such as ketotifen fumarate (Alaway) help
relieve eye itchiness and eye irritation caused by hay fever.

 Decongestants. These medications are available in over-the-counter and


prescription liquids, tablets and nasal sprays. Over-the-counter oral decongestants
include pseudoephedrine (Sudafed, Afrinol, others). Nasal sprays include
phenylephrine hydrochloride (Neo-Synephrine) and oxymetazoline (Afrin).

Oral decongestants can cause a number of side effects, including increased blood
pressure, insomnia, irritability and headache. Don't use a decongestant nasal
spray for more than two or three days at a time because it can actually worsen
symptoms when used continuously (rebound congestion).

 Cromolyn sodium. This is available as an over-the-counter nasal spray that


must be used several times a day. It's also available in eye-drop form with a
prescription. It helps relieve hay fever symptoms by preventing the release of
histamine. Most effective when you start using it before you have symptoms,
cromolyn sodium doesn't have serious side effects.

 Leukotriene modifier. Montelukast (Singulair) is a prescription tablet taken to


block the action of leukotrienes — immune system chemicals that cause allergy
symptoms such as excess mucus production. It's especially effective in treating
allergy-induced asthma. It's often used when nasal sprays can't be tolerated or for
mild asthma.

Montelukast can cause headaches. In rare cases, it has been linked to


psychological reactions such as agitation, aggression, hallucinations, depression
and suicidal thinking. Seek medical advice right away for any unusual
psychological reaction.

 Nasal ipratropium. Available in a prescription nasal spray, ipratropium helps


relieve severe runny nose by preventing the glands in your nose from producing
excess fluid. It's not effective for treating congestion, sneezing or postnasal drip.

Mild side effects include nasal dryness, nosebleeds and sore throat. Rarely, it can
cause more-severe side effects, such as blurred vision, dizziness and difficult
urination. The drug is not recommended for people with glaucoma or men with an
enlarged prostate.

 Oral corticosteroids. Corticosteroid pills such as prednisone sometimes are


used to relieve severe allergy symptoms. Because the long-term use of
corticosteroids can cause serious side effects such as cataracts, osteoporosis and
muscle weakness, they're usually prescribed for only short periods of time.

Hay fever - Diagnosis and treatment - Mayo Clinic

Common questions

Powered by AI

Nurses can adopt several strategies to manage ineffective breathing patterns in allergic rhinitis, including monitoring respiratory status and observing changes such as shortness of breath and sneezing. Assessing for narrowed airways, monitoring pulse oximetry, and evaluating anxiety levels are crucial steps. These interventions aim to enhance breathing efficiency and reduce symptoms .

Nasal ipratropium targets severe runny nose by reducing glandular fluid production but does not alleviate congestion or sneezing. It should be used cautiously in patients with glaucoma and men with an enlarged prostate due to the risk of exacerbating these conditions. Side effects may include nasal dryness and sore throat, with rare occurrences of blurred vision and dizziness, necessitating careful patient selection .

Leukotriene modifiers like montelukast block leukotrienes, chemicals that contribute to allergy symptoms. They are particularly effective for allergy-induced asthma, offering an alternative when nasal sprays are intolerable or with mild asthma symptoms. While generally safe, they can cause headaches and rare psychological reactions, thus requiring caution and immediate medical consultation for any adverse reactions .

Nurses should assess the patient's readiness and current knowledge level, identify learning barriers, and address avoidance behaviors. Education focuses on enabling patients to understand causes of allergies and medication-related facts. Providing comprehensive information and encouraging lifestyle changes are key components of effective educational interventions .

Nasal corticosteroids help prevent and treat nasal inflammation, itching, and runny nose caused by hay fever. They are considered safe and effective as a long-term treatment for most individuals with allergic rhinitis. The potential side effects include an unpleasant smell or taste and nasal irritation, though serious side effects are rare .

Long-term use of oral corticosteroids like prednisone can lead to significant side effects, including cataracts, osteoporosis, and muscle weakness. Consequently, they are generally prescribed for short durations to manage severe allergy symptoms, underlining the importance of careful assessment and monitoring by healthcare providers .

Successful nursing interventions in allergic rhinitis are indicated by a patient's ability to identify symptoms requiring immediate treatment and recognize allergens causing these symptoms. Additionally, patients verbalizing causes of allergies and understanding medication facts reflect effective educational and nursing strategies .

Cromolyn sodium functions by preventing the release of histamine, unlike antihistamines that block histamine effects. It's most effective when used before symptoms appear and requires regular use, as it is not intended for immediate symptom relief. It is available over-the-counter as a nasal spray and in prescription eye drops. It has no serious side effects, differentiating it from other medications .

Antihistamines block histamine, a chemical released by the immune system during an allergic reaction, thereby reducing symptoms like itching, sneezing, and a runny nose. They come in various forms, including pills, nasal sprays, and eye drops. Over-the-counter options include loratadine, cetirizine, and fexofenadine, while nasal sprays like azelastine and eye drops such as ketotifen fumarate are also used to relieve nasal and eye symptoms respectively .

Decongestants can temporarily relieve nasal congestion by shrinking blood vessels and tissues in the nasal passage. They are available in oral forms like pseudoephedrine and nasal sprays such as phenylephrine. However, risks include increased blood pressure, insomnia, and irritability. Nasal sprays should not be used for more than two to three days to avoid rebound congestion, where symptoms worsen after discontinuation .

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