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Data Communications and Networking Overview

This document provides an overview of data communication and networking. It discusses three main areas: data communications, which deals with reliable transmission of signals; networking, which focuses on connecting communicating devices; and protocols, which establish rules for successful communication. Communication requires sources that generate data, transmitters that convert data to signals, transmission systems that carry the signals, receivers that convert signals back to data, and destinations that receive the data. Key communication tasks include transmission utilization, addressing, routing, signal generation, synchronization, and error detection/correction. The document also describes different network types including wide area networks, local area networks, and metropolitan area networks, as well as transmission mediums and switching techniques used in networks.

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174 views17 pages

Data Communications and Networking Overview

This document provides an overview of data communication and networking. It discusses three main areas: data communications, which deals with reliable transmission of signals; networking, which focuses on connecting communicating devices; and protocols, which establish rules for successful communication. Communication requires sources that generate data, transmitters that convert data to signals, transmission systems that carry the signals, receivers that convert signals back to data, and destinations that receive the data. Key communication tasks include transmission utilization, addressing, routing, signal generation, synchronization, and error detection/correction. The document also describes different network types including wide area networks, local area networks, and metropolitan area networks, as well as transmission mediums and switching techniques used in networks.

Uploaded by

Abdul salam
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Chapter 1

Data Communications and Networks


Overview
Data communication & Networking
 The fundamental problem of communication is that of
reproducing at one point either exactly or
approximately a message selected at another point.
 This book covers three general areas:
 Data communications
 Networking
 Protocols.
 Data communications deals with the transmission of
signals in a reliable and efficient manner.
Data communication & Networking
 Networking: deals with the technology and architecture of
the communications networks used to interconnect
communicating devices.
 Protocols: are set of rules and principles to achieve
successful and reliable communication tasks.
 Three different forces have consistently driven the
architecture and evolution of data communications and
networking facilities:
 traffic growth at a high & steady rate
 development of new services
 advances in technology
Communication Model
 Source
 generates data to be transmitted
 Transmitter
 Converts data into transmittable signals
 Transmission System
 Carries data
 Receiver
 Converts received signal into data
 Destination
 Takes incoming data
Communication Tasks
Transmission system utilization Addressing

Interfacing Routing

Signal generation Recovery

Synchronization Message formatting

Exchange management Security

Error detection and correction Network management

Flow control
Communication Model - Diagram
Data Communications Model
Wide Area Networks
 Large geographical area
 Crossing public rights of way
 Rely in part on common carrier circuits
 Technologies
 Circuit switching
 Packet switching
 Frame relay
 Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)
Circuit Switching
 Dedicated communications path established for the
duration of the conversation.
 The most common example of circuit switching is the
telephone network.
Packet Switching
 Data sent out of sequence
 Small chunks (packets) of data at a time
 Packets passed from node-to-node between source
and destination (no dedicated path is required)
 Packet switching is used for terminal to computer and
computer to computer communications.
Frame Relay
 Packet switching systems have large overheads to
compensate for errors
 Modern systems are more reliable
 Errors can be caught in end system
 Most overhead for error control is stripped out:
 the original packet-switching networks were designed with a
data rate to the end user of about 64 kbps
 frame relay networks are designed to operate efficiently at
user data rates of up to 2 Mbps.
 The key to achieving these high data rates is to strip out
most of the overhead involved with error control.
Asynchronous Transfer Mode
 ATM
 Evolution of frame relay
 Little overhead for error control
 Fixed packet length (called cell):
 By using a fixed packet length, the processing overhead is
reduced even further for ATM compared to frame relay
 Anything from 10Mbps to Gbps
 Constant data rate using packet switching technique
Transmission Medium
 The basic building block of any communications facility
is the transmission line.
 Selection of transmission medium is a basic choice:
 internal use entirely up to business
 long-distance links made by carrier
 rapid technology advances made it mix
 Copper Media
 Optical fiber
 Wireless
Local Area Networks
 Smaller scope
 Building or small campus
 Usually owned by same organization as attached
devices
 Data rates much higher
 Usually broadcast systems
 Now some switched systems and ATM are being
introduced
Metropolitan Area Networks
 MAN
 Middle ground between LAN and WAN
 Private or public network
 High speed
 Large area
Inter Networking
Configuration

This is what we see world


as a global village.
Thanks for your Patience and Interest

Chapter 1 Data Communications and Networks Overview
Data communication & Networking The fundamental problem of communication is that of reproducing at one point either e
Data communication & Networking Networking: deals with the technology and architecture of the communications networks used
Communication Model Source generates data to be transmitted Transmitter Converts data into transmittable signals T
Communication Tasks Transmission system utilization Addressing Interfacing Routing Signal generation Recovery Synchr
Communication Model - Diagram
Data Communications Model
Wide Area Networks Large geographical area Crossing public rights of way Rely in part on common carrier circuits Tech
Circuit Switching Dedicated communications path established for the duration of the conversation. The most common exampl
Packet Switching Data sent out of sequence Small chunks (packets) of data at a time Packets passed from node-to-node be

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