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Manifest Destiny: Expansion and Conflict

This document provides an overview of the key events and issues surrounding US expansion between the 1830s-1850s, including: (1) The ideology of Manifest Destiny and US acquisition of Texas, Oregon, and Mexican Cession territories; (2) The Mexican-American War from 1846-1848 over the boundary of Texas and US victory resulting in major land acquisitions; (3) Ongoing tensions around the expansion of slavery into new territories and states that led to the Compromise of 1850 to preserve the Union.

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23 views3 pages

Manifest Destiny: Expansion and Conflict

This document provides an overview of the key events and issues surrounding US expansion between the 1830s-1850s, including: (1) The ideology of Manifest Destiny and US acquisition of Texas, Oregon, and Mexican Cession territories; (2) The Mexican-American War from 1846-1848 over the boundary of Texas and US victory resulting in major land acquisitions; (3) Ongoing tensions around the expansion of slavery into new territories and states that led to the Compromise of 1850 to preserve the Union.

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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Lecture #9: Manifest Destiny and the Politics of Expansion

KEY TERMS
(18) Manifest Destiny , (19) Mexican-American War / U.S. – Mexican War, and
(20) The Compromise of 1850

Part I: Defining the Boundaries of the US


A. Moments of Expansion
a. Treaty of Paris (1783)
b. Louisiana Purchase (1803-1804)
c. Rush-Bagot Treaty (1818)
d. Adams-Onis Treaty (1819)

B. Expansion and Conflict: The Issue of Slavery


a. Existing Limits: The Mason-Dixon Line, NW Territory
b. The Missouri Controversy
i. “A Fire Bell In The Night” (Thomas Jefferson)
ii. Free State or Slave State?
iii. Balance in the Senate?
c. The Missouri Compromise
i. Maine (Free)
ii. Missouri (Slave)
1. “36 degrees, 30 minutes”
C. Manifest Destiny
a. “God’s Will”
b. “Sea to Sea” … “Pole to Pole”

D. US Interest In the Mexican “North”


a. Texas and the Adams-Onis Treaty
b. The Santa Fe (New Mexico) Trade
c. California – “Window on the West” (Far East)

Part II: Texas


A. The Issue of Texas
a. Spanish/Mexican Fears of US Expansion
b. The Spanish and Mexican Land Grants
c. Moses & Stephen F. Austin
d. Conditions of Settlement
i. Cheap Land (10 Cents per Acre)
ii. Tax Exemptions
iii. Slavery Permitted
iv. Citizenship
v. Language
vi. Religion
vii. By 1835: 35,000 Foreigners (Mostly US) / 7,800 Mexicans
B. The Texas War for Independence (1836)
a. Causes of the War
b. The Alamo
c. Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna
d. Battle of San Jacinto
e. “The Lone Star Republic”
f. Where was the southern boundary of Texas?
g. Annex Texas? Pros and Cons?

C. The Election of 1844 and Texas


a. James K. Polk (Tennessee) – Expansionist Democrat
i. “Re-Annexation of Texas”
b. Polk Wins the Election
c. 1845 – US Annexes Texas

D. Controversy over the Southern Boundary of Texas


a. US: Rio Grande River
b. Mexico: The Nueces River (Corpus Christi)
c. Both Sides take Military Positions
E. John Slidell’s Mission
a. The Rio Grande
b. New Mexico
c. California

F. “American Blood on American Soil”


a. Polk asks for War Declaration
b. Lincoln’s “Spot Resolution”
c. Opposition to the Expansion of Slavery

G. The U.S. – Mexican War (1847-1848)


a. General Zachary Taylor – Texas/NE Mexico
b. Colonel Steven Kearney – New Mexico/ California
c. Colonel John C. Fremont – California
d. General Winfield Scott – Army of Occupation
i. Veracruz ->->-> Mexico City (1847)

H. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (Feb. 1848)


a. Rio Grande as Southern Boundary of Texas/U.S.
b. California
c. New Mexico (NM, AZ, NV, CO, UT, and OK)
d. $18,250,000
e. Lingering Mexican Resentment

I. The Mexican American War and the Slavery Question


a. Expansion of Slavery Vs. Abolition of Slavery
b. Wilmot Provisio
i. Rep. David Wilmot
ii. No Slavery of Involuntary Servitude in Any Land Taken From
Mexico
iii. Popular Sovereignty

J. Discovery of Gold in California (1848)


a. The Gold Rush of 1849 – “The Forty-Niners”
i. 100,000 Residents by 1850
b. California Seeks Statehood as a Free State
c. Threats of Secession

K. Compromise of 1850
a. Admit California as a Free Sate
b. Organize New Mexico and Utah Territories Under “Popular
Sovereignty”
c. Stronger Fugitive Slave Law
d. Abolish Slave Trade in Washington D.C.

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