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Landscape installation
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An Introduction to the Concepts of Landscape Design

Learn the principles that underpin all garden and landscape design and use it to design
a garden.

 Understand how to use different garden components to create varying effects.

 See how garden styles have evolved over the centuries.

 The course will provide you with a foundation for further studies in specific areas
of landscape design, development or management.

 Understand all of the different elements which form part of the design of gardens and
landscapes.

Landscape Design is a multifaceted skill. It allows you to take a vision or "feeling" and
transform it into a workable plan. It isn't just making a place look nice, nor mass
planting, but is also about suiting the landscape to the climate, land and setting that you
have to work with. An understanding of plants, soils, timbers, climate, and other
landscape materials are pivotal to the success of a good landscape design.

What is landscaping? • Landscaping refers to any activity that modifies the visible features of an
area of land, including: 1. Living elements flora or fauna. 2. Natural elements such as landforms,
terrain shape and elevation, or bodies of water; 3. Human elements such as structures, buildings,
fences or other material objects created and/or installed by humans; and 4. Abstract elements
such as the weather and lighting conditions.

Elements of landscape

 Natural
 Manmade

Natural Manmade
Plants/vegetation Brick Metal Plastic Glass
Water
Earth forms/landforms
 Timber
Stone

Elements of landscape

• There are many varieties of plant materials such as:

• Trees

• Shrubs

• Creepers and climbers Land covers .etc.

USES:

Environmental Architectural
1. Microclimate modifiers 1. Enframement
2. Conservation belt 2. Scale induction
3. Erosion control 3. Creation of plaza
4. Retains ground water 4. Defines pathway
5. Retains soil fertility 5. Welcoming look and aesthetic appeal to the
6. Prevents siltation building

Elements of landscape- Plants

Plants create outdoor rooms. Trees, shrubs, and ground covers can be used to emphasize the desirable
architectural lines and masses.

• Plants can be used to soften and balance harsh and awkward architectural angles, masses and
materials.

• Creating outdoor rooms

The development of outdoor rooms utilizes the same elements as indoor architecture-floors, walls, and
ceilings.

• The difference is that the elements of outdoor rooms are composed of plant materials that have a
changing and dynamic, living quality.

1. 3. Elements of landscape • There are many varieties of plant materials such as: • Trees •
Shrubs • Creepers and climbers Land covers .etc. • USES: Architectural 1. Enframement 2.
Scale induction 3. Creation of plaza 4. Defines pathway 5. Welcoming look and aesthetic
appeal to the building Environmental 1. Microclimate modifiers 2. Conservation belt 3.
Erosion control 4. Retains ground water 5. Retains soil fertility 6. Prevents siltation
2. 4. Elements of landscape- Plants • Plants create outdoor rooms. Trees, shrubs, and ground
covers can be used to emphasize the desirable architectural lines and masses. • Plants can
be used to soften and balance harsh and awkward architectural angles, masses and
materials.
3. 5. Elements of landscape design- Plants By graduating plant sizes away from the house, the
apparent size of the structure is increased. Plants that reach large sizes at maturity are often
planted too closely to the house when small. When mature, they dominate and make the
house look smaller Tall evergreen create an uninviting, inhibiting appearance to this
 entrance. The human eye has a tendency to follow the outline of the objects in the
landscape. With this idea in mind the apparent size in affected.
4. 6. Elements of landscape design- Plants • Creating outdoor rooms A small side yard
developed into an intimate strolling garden. • The development of outdoor rooms utilizes the
same elements as indoor architecture-floors, walls, and ceilings. • The difference is that the
elements of outdoor rooms are composed of plant materials that have a changing and
dynamic, living quality.
5. 7. Elements of landscape design- Plants Outwardly focused space Inwardly focused space
Inwardly oriented space is characterized by either complete or nearly complete enclosure
and a strong central focal point. Central areas for sitting, sculpture displays, patios, and hot
tubs require enclosure for purpose of privacy, quit, and concentration. Outwardly oriented
rooms are enhanced by amenities outside the space such as good views and breezes.
Activities taking place within the front yard are more public in nature and will require free
visual access on and off the site and little enclosure. Planting beds and walks act as a
breezeway between driveway and entrance courtyard. Various plant types, heights, and
combinations create walls, partial screens, and overhead canopies
6. 8. Elements of landscape design- Plants Environmental role • Pollution control • Noise
control • Climate control embankments., deciduous and evergreen plantings and masonry
walls are used together for effective sound control. Use of windbreaks to control winter winds
Use of deciduous plants to direct summer breezes
7. 9. Elements of landscape design- Plants
8. 10. CASE STUDIES:
9. 11. Elements of landscape- Plants Shrubs Creepers Climbers Covered pathways
10. 12. GROUND COVERS TREES Elements of landscape- Plants
11. 13. Elements of landscape -Water • Water is also another most important landscape
element. • Water bodies improve the quality and the worth of the [Link] makes the site
attractive. • There are many types of water bodies : 1. Fountains 2. Pools 3. Ponds 4. Spouts
5. Artificial waterfalls. etc. Whether a small babbling brook or a tumultuous cascade, water
features add sound, movement, and enjoyment into the landscape. They also provide
opportunities for incorporating pond and wetland plants into your landscape design. The
choice and placement of boulders, stonework, and plantings can link the water feature with
your building and property, creating a unified landscape composition
12. 14. Elements of landscape -Water Water flows inevitably, from the source to the receiving
ocean basin. This continuity of rivulets , streams and rivers can be readily observed. • USES:
1. Excellent land water interface gives an ecological home for the animals and plants. 2.
Water runoff reduced. 3. Microclimate created. 4. Moisture level maintained. 5. Wetland,
marshes, swampy areas are conserved. 6. Maintaining vegetation into wetlands. 7.
Hydrological cycle maintained. 8. Site aesthetics are enhanced
13. 15. Elements of landscape -Stones 1. Paving 2. Retaining wall 3. Stacked stone wall 4.
Sitting 5. Shelters 6. Parapets 7. Bridges 8. Sculptures 9. Planters [Link] • Stones are
hard, impermeable, inorganic elements used extensively in landscape architecture. • Stones
are basically used for the following:
14. 16.  Stone, one of the oldest paving materials, offers good, durable, wearing surface with a
minimum maintenance required.  Rubble and ashlars masonry are the two forms of stone
used for paving.  Rubble masonry is rough stone, as it comes from the quarry, but may be
trimmed somewhat where necessary.  Ashlars masonry is hewed or cut stone from the
quarry and is used much more often than Rubble for the surfacing of the walls Elements of
landscape -Stones
15. 17.  Retaining Walls--There are many different types of stones that can be used when it
comes to creating retaining walls in the lawn. One may elect to assemble a retaining wall
around a small pond, or even a garden.  Flagstone-- Flagstone is a very popular choice
when it comes to stones that are used for steps, or simple ornamental design.  Boulders
--Homeowners elect to implement the use of boulders in the decorative design of their
landscaping. Great products in the way of boulders include that of Birchwood, Wisconsin,
Granite, and even Honeycomb Western stone. Elements of landscape -Stones 
Landscaping with stone brings in a natural element that evokes solidness and a sense
security.  Types of Landscape Stones and their uses
16. 18. Elements of landscape -Stones  Marble--Many individuals elect to use marble when
decorating their landscape. Marble can be used to create signs, around or in garden ponds,
and even marble fountains can be purchased in order to bring out the natural appeal of a
pond or garden area. They are also used in sculptures.  Natural Stone--Natural stone is
often a choice for small landscaping structures.  Decorative Stones--Decorative stones are
used in pathways or trails to beautify the garden. Some of them are Royal George, Walnut
 nuggets, beachwood pebbles and many more.  Other-- Other than that there are pebbles
used for sidewalks, stepping stones used in gardens and stone is also used as stone lantern
in Chinese gardens.

2. site clearing and grubbing (PLAN)

Rough grading operation 1. Rough grade site 2. Provide surface drainage and shape or form the land 3.
Perform post-rough grading operations

3. site preparation (DESIGN/ELEMENTS)

5. Post-land preparation activities

4. install plant support (PLANTS)

The

1. Inspect plants 2. Lay out or stake out plant 3. Excavate hole/pit (excluding lawn grass/turf, aquatic
plants, orchids, etc.) 4. Install plants (excluding large trees with 15cm or more trunk

height, lawn grass/turf, aquatic plants, orchids, etc.) 5. Apply fertilizer 6. Water plants 7. Apply / Install
mulch

PLANT SELECTION AND ESTABLISHMENT

5. maintenance operation
Identify trimming and pruning requirements 2. Prepare for trimming and pruning operations 3. Perform
trimming and pruning 4. Perform post-trimming and pruning activities

Weeding and Cultivation 1. Weeding and cultivation 2

Apply fertilizer 1. Fertilizer application requirements 2. Fertilizer application activity 3. Post- fertilizer
application activities