Question 1:

Find the mean deviation about the mean for the data

4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 17

 Answer
 Discussion
 Share

The given data is

4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 17

Mean of the data,

The deviations of the respective observations from the mean are

–6, – 3, –2, –1, 0, 2, 3, 7

The absolute values of the deviations, i.e. , are

6, 3, 2, 1, 0, 2, 3, 7

The required mean deviation about the mean is

Question 2:

Find the mean deviation about the mean for the data

38, 70, 48, 40, 42, 55, 63, 46, 54, 44

 Answer
 Discussion
 Share

The given data is

38, 70, 48, 40, 42, 55, 63, 46, 54, 44

Mean of the given data,

The deviations of the respective observations from the mean are

–12, 20, –2, –10, –8, 5, 13, –4, 4, –6

The absolute values of the deviations, i.e. , are

12, 20, 2, 10, 8, 5, 13, 4, 4, 6

The required mean deviation about the mean is

Question 3:

Find the mean deviation about the median for the data.

13, 17, 16, 14, 11, 13, 10, 16, 11, 18, 12, 17

 Answer
 Discussion
 Share

The given data is

13, 17, 16, 14, 11, 13, 10, 16, 11, 18, 12, 17

Here, the numbers of observations are 12, which is even.

Arranging the data in ascending order, we obtain

10, 11, 11, 12, 13, 13, 14, 16, 16, 17, 17, 18

The deviations of the respective observations from the median, i.e. are

–3.5, –2.5, –2.5, –1.5, –0.5, –0.5, 0.5, 2.5, 2.5, 3.5, 3.5, 4.5

The absolute values of the deviations, , are

3.5, 2.5, 2.5, 1.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 2.5, 2.5, 3.5, 3.5, 4.5
The required mean deviation about the median is

Question 4:

Find the mean deviation about the median for the data

36, 72, 46, 42, 60, 45, 53, 46, 51, 49

 Answer
 Discussion
 Share

The given data is

36, 72, 46, 42, 60, 45, 53, 46, 51, 49

Here, the number of observations is 10, which is even.

Arranging the data in ascending order, we obtain

36, 42, 45, 46, 46, 49, 51, 53, 60, 72

The deviations of the respective observations from the median, i.e. are

–11.5, –5.5, –2.5, –1.5, –1.5, 1.5, 3.5, 5.5, 12.5, 24.5

The absolute values of the deviations, , are

11.5, 5.5, 2.5, 1.5, 1.5, 1.5, 3.5, 5.5, 12.5, 24.5

Thus, the required mean deviation about the median is

Question 5:

Find the mean deviation about the mean for the data.

xi 5 10 15 20 25

fi 7 4 6 3 5
 Answer
 Discussion
 Share

xi fi fi xi

5 7 35 9 63

10 4 40 4 16

15 6 90 1 6

20 3 60 6 18

25 5 125 11 55

25 350 158
Question 6:

Find the mean deviation about the mean for the data

xi 10 30 50 70 90

fi 4 24 28 16 8
 Answer
 Discussion
 Share

xi fi fi xi

10 4 40 40 160

30 24 720 20 480

50 28 1400 0 0

70 16 1120 20 320

90 8 720 40 320

80 4000 1280

Question 7:

Find the mean deviation about the median for the data.

xi 5 7 9 10 12 15

fi 8 6 2 2 2 6
  Answer
 Discussion
 Share

The given observations are already in ascending order.

Adding a column corresponding to cumulative frequencies of the given data, we obtain the following table.

xi fi c.f.

5 8 8

7 6 14

9 2 16

10 2 18

12 2 20

15 6 26

Here, N = 26, which is even.

Median is the mean of 13th and 14th observations. Both of these observations lie in the cumulative frequency 14, for
which the corresponding observation is 7.

The absolute values of the deviations from median, i.e. are

|xi – M| 2 0 2 3 5 8

fi 8 6 2 2 2 6

 
16 0 4 6 10 48
fi |xi – M|

and
Question 8:

Find the mean deviation about the median for the data

xi 15 21 27 30 35

fi 3 5 6 7 8
 Answer
 Discussion
 Share

The given observations are already in ascending order.

Adding a column corresponding to cumulative frequencies of the given data, we obtain the following table.

xi fi c.f.

15 3 3

21 5 8

27 6 14

30 7 21

35 8 29

Here, N = 29, which is odd.

observation = 15th observation

This observation lies in the cumulative frequency 21, for which the corresponding observation is 30.

∴ Median = 30

The absolute values of the deviations from median, i.e. are

   |xi – M| 15 9 3 0 5

 fi 3 5 6 7 8

 fi |xi – M| 45 45 18 0 40

Question 11:

Find the mean deviation about median for the following data:

Marks Number of girls

0-10 6

10-20 8

20-30 14

30-40 16

40-50 4

50-60 2
 Answer
 Discussion
 Share

The following table is formed.

Marks Number of boys fi Cumulative frequency (c.f.) Mid-point xi |xi – Med.| fi |xi – Med.|

0-10 6 6 5 22.85 137.1

 10-20 8 14 15 12.85 102.8

20-30 14 28 25 2.85 39.9

30-40 16 44 35 7.15 114.4

40-50 4 48 45 17.15 68.6

50-60 2 50 55 27.15 54.3

       
50 517.1

The class interval containing the or 25th item is 20 – 30.

Therefore, 20 – 30 is the median class.

It is known that,

Here, l = 20, C = 14, f = 14, h = 10, and N = 50

∴ Median =

Thus, mean deviation about the median is given by,

Question 9:

Find the mean deviation about the mean for the data.

Income per day Number of persons

0-100 4

100-200 8
 200-300 9

300-400 10

400-500 7

500-600 5

600-700 4

700-800 3
 Answer
 Discussion
 Share

The following table is formed.

Income per day Number of persons fi Mid-point xi fi xi

0 – 100 4 50 200 308 1232

100 – 200 8 150 1200 208 1664

200 – 300 9 250 2250 108 972

300 – 400 10 350 3500 8 80

400 – 500 7 450 3150 92 644

500 – 600 5 550 2750 192 960

600 – 700 4 650 2600 292 1168

700 – 800 3 750 2250 392 1176

50 17900 7896
Here,

Question 10:

Find the mean deviation about the mean for the data

Height in cms Number of boys

95-105 9

105-115 13

115-125 26

125-135 30

135-145 12

145-155 10
 Answer
 Discussion
 Share

The following table is formed.

Height in cms Number of boys fi Mid-point xi fi xi

95-105 9 100 900 25.3 227.7

105-115 13 110 1430 15.3 198.9

115-125 26 120 3120 5.3 137.8

 125-135 30 130 3900 4.7 141

135-145 12 140 1680 14.7 176.4

145-155 10 150 1500 24.7 247

Here,

Question 12:

Calculate the mean deviation about median age for the age distribution of 100 persons given below:

Age Number

16-20 5

21-25 6

26-30 12

31-35 14

36-40 26

41-45 12

46-50 16

51-55 9
 Answer
 Discussion
 Share
The given data is not continuous. Therefore, it has to be converted into continuous frequency distribution by subtracting
0.5 from the lower limit and adding 0.5 to the upper limit of each class interval.

The table is formed as follows.

Age Number fi Cumulative frequency (c.f.) Mid-point xi |xi – Med.| fi |xi – Med.|

15.5-20.5 5 5 18 20 100

20.5-25.5 6 11 23 15 90

25.5-30.5 12 23 28 10 120

30.5-35.5 14 37 33 5 70

35.5-40.5 26 63 38 0 0

40.5-45.5 12 75 43 5 60

45.5-50.5 16 91 48 10 160

50.5-55.5 9 100 53 15 135

       
100 735

The class interval containing the or 50th item is 35.5 – 40.5.

Therefore, 35.5 – 40.5 is the median class.

It is known that,

Here, l = 35.5, C = 37, f = 26, h = 5, and N = 100

Thus, mean deviation about the median is given by,

Question 1:

Find the mean and variance for the data 6, 7, 10, 12, 13, 4, 8, 12

 Answer
 Discussion
 Share

6, 7, 10, 12, 13, 4, 8, 12

Mean,

The following table is obtained.

xi

6 –3 9

7 –2 4

10 –1 1

12 3 9

13 4 16

4 –5 25

8 –1 1

12 3 9

74
Question 2:

Find the mean and variance for the first n natural numbers

 Answer
 Discussion
 Share

The mean of first n natural numbers is calculated as follows.

Question 3:

Find the mean and variance for the first 10 multiples of 3

 Answer
 Discussion
 Share

The first 10 multiples of 3 are

3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30

Here, number of observations, n = 10

The following table is obtained.

xi

3 –13.5 182.25

6 –10.5 110.25

9 –7.5 56.25

12 –4.5 20.25

15 –1.5 2.25

18 1.5 2.25

21 4.5 20.25

24 7.5 56.25

27 10.5 110.25

30 13.5 182.25

742.5

Question 4:

Find the mean and variance for the data

xi 6 10 14 18 24 28 30
 Answer
 Discussion
fi 2 4 7 12 8 4 3  Share
The data is obtained in tabular form as follows.

xi fi fixi

6 2 12 –13 169 338

10 4 40 –9 81 324

14 7 98 –5 25 175

18 12 216 –1 1 12

24 8 192 5 25 200

28 4 112 9 81 324

30 3 90 11 121 363

40 760 1736

Here, N = 40,

Question 5:

Find the mean and variance for the data

 Answer
xi 92 93 97 98 102 104 109  Discussion
 Share
fi 3 2 3 2 6 3 3 The data is obtained in tabular form as follows.
 xi fi fixi

92 3 276 –8 64 192

93 2 186 –7 49 98

97 3 291 –3 9 27

98 2 196 –2 4 8

102 6 612 2 4 24

104 3 312 4 16 48

109 3 327 9 81 243

22 2200 640

Here, N = 22,

Question 6:

Find the mean and standard deviation using short-cut method.

 Answer
xi 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68  Discussion
 Share
fi 2 1 12 29 25 12 10 4 5 The data is obtained in tabular form as follows.

xi fi yi2 fiyi fiyi2

 60 2 –4 16 –8 32

61 1 –3 9 –3 9

62 12 –2 4 –24 48

63 29 –1 1 –29 29

64 25 0 0 0 0

65 12 1 1 12 12

66 10 2 4 20 40

67 4 3 9 12 36

68 5 4 16 20 80

100 220 0 286

Mean,

Question 7:

Find the mean and variance for the following frequency distribution.

Classes 0-30 30-60 60-90 90-120 120-150 150-180 180-210  Answer

 Discussion
 Share
Frequencies 2 3 5 10 3 5 2
 Class Frequency fi Mid-point xi yi2 fiyi fiyi2

0-30 2 15 –3 9 –6 18

30-60 3 45 –2 4 –6 12

60-90 5 75 –1 1 –5 5

90-120 10 105 0 0 0 0

120-150 3 135 1 1 3 3

150-180 5 165 2 4 10 20

180-210 2 195 3 9 6 18

30 2 76

Mean,

Question 8:

Find the mean and variance for the following frequency distribution.

Classes 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50  Answer

 Discussion
 Share
Frequencies 5 8 15 16 6
 Frequency
Class Mid-point xi yi2 fiyi fiyi2
fi

0-10 5 5 –2 4 –10 20

10-20 8 15 –1 1 –8 8

20-30 15 25 0 0 0 0

30-40 16 35 1 1 16 16

40-50 6 45 2 4 12 24

50 10 68

Height Mean,
No. of children
in cms

70-75 3

75-80 4

80-85 7

Question 9:
85-90 7
Find the mean, variance and standard deviation using short-cut method

90-95 15
 Answer
95-100 9  Discussion
 Share

100-105 6

Class Interval Frequency fi Mid-point xi yi2 fiyi fiyi2

105-110 6

110-115 3
 70-75 3 72.5 –4 16 –12 48

75-80 4 77.5 –3 9 –12 36

80-85 7 82.5 –2 4 –14 28

85-90 7 87.5 –1 1 –7 7

90-95 15 92.5 0 0 0 0

95-100 9 97.5 1 1 9 9

100-105 6 102.5 2 4 12 24

105-110 6 107.5 3 9 18 54

110-115 3 112.5 4 16 12 48

60 6 254

Mean,

Diameters No. of children

33-36 15

37-40 17
Question 10:

41-44 21 The diameters of circles (in mm) drawn in a design are given below:

45-48 22
 Answer
 Discussion
49-52 25  Share
Class Interval Frequency fi Mid-point xi fi 2 fiyi fiyi2

32.5-36.5 15 34.5 –2 4 –30 60

36.5-40.5 17 38.5 –1 1 –17 17

40.5-44.5 21 42.5 0 0 0 0

44.5-48.5 22 46.5 1 1 22 22

48.5-52.5 25 50.5 2 4 50 100

       
100 25 199

Here, N = 100, h = 4

Let the assumed mean, A, be 42.5.

Mean,

Question 1:

From the data given below state which group is more variable, A or B?

Marks 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 70-80

Group A 9 17 32 33 40 10 9

Group B 10 20 30 25 43 15 7
 Answer
 Discussion
 Share

Firstly, the standard deviation of group A is calculated as follows.

Marks Group A fi Mid-point xi yi2 fiyi fiyi2

10-20 9 15 –3 9 –27 81

20-30 17 25 –2 4 –34 68

30-40 32 35 –1 1 –32 32

40-50 33 45 0 0 0 0

50-60 40 55 1 1 40 40

60-70 10 65 2 4 20 40

70-80 9 75 3 9 27 81

150 –6 342

Here, h = 10, N = 150, A = 45

The standard deviation of group B is calculated as follows.

Group B Mid-point
Marks yi2 fiyi fiyi2
fi xi

10-20 10 15 –3 9 –30 90

20-30 20 25 –2 4 –40 80

30-40 30 35 –1 1 –30 30

40-50 25 45 0 0 0 0

50-60 43 55 1 1 43 43

60-70 15 65 2 4 30 60

70-80 7 75 3 9 21 63

150 –6 366
Since the mean of both the groups is same, the group with greater standard deviation will be more variable.

Thus, group B has more variability in the marks.

Question 2:

From the prices of shares X and Y below, find out which is more stable in value:

X 35 54 52 53 56 58 52 50 51 49

Y 108 107 105 105 106 107 104 103 104 101
 Answer
 Discussion
 Share

The prices of the shares X are

35, 54, 52, 53, 56, 58, 52, 50, 51, 49

Here, the number of observations, N = 10

The following table is obtained corresponding to shares X.

xi

35 –16 256

54 3 9
52 1 1

53 2 4

56 5 25

58 7 49

52 1 1

50 –1 1

51 0 0

49 –2 4

350

The prices of share Y are

108, 107, 105, 105, 106, 107, 104, 103, 104, 101

The following table is obtained corresponding to shares Y.

yi

108 3 9

107 2 4
105 0 0

105 0 0

106 1 1

107 2 4

104 –1 1

103 –2 4

104 –1 1

101 –4 16

40

C.V. of prices of shares X is greater than the C.V. of prices of shares Y.

Thus, the prices of shares Y are more stable than the prices of shares X.

Question 3:

An analysis of monthly wages paid to workers in two firms A and B, belonging to the same industry, gives the following
results:

Firm A Firm B

No. of wage earners 586 648

Mean of monthly wages Rs 5253 Rs 5253

Variance of the distribution of wages 100 121

(i) Which firm A or B pays larger amount as monthly wages?

(ii) Which firm, A or B, shows greater variability in individual wages?

 Answer
 Discussion
 Share

(i) Monthly wages of firm A = Rs 5253

Number of wage earners in firm A = 586

∴Total amount paid = Rs 5253 × 586

Monthly wages of firm B = Rs 5253

Number of wage earners in firm B = 648

∴Total amount paid = Rs 5253 × 648

Thus, firm B pays the larger amount as monthly wages as the number of wage earners in firm B are more than the
number of wage earners in firm A.

(ii) Variance of the distribution of wages in firm A = 100

∴ Standard deviation of the distribution of wages in firm

A ((σ1) =

Variance of the distribution of wages in firm = 121

∴ Standard deviation of the distribution of wages in firm

The mean of monthly wages of both the firms is same i.e., 5253. Therefore, the firm with greater standard deviation will
have more variability.

Thus, firm B has greater variability in the individual wages.

Question 4:

The following is the record of goals scored by team A in a football session:

No. of goals scored 0 1 2 3 4

No. of matches 1 9 7 5 3
For the team B, mean number of goals scored per match was 2 with a standard

deviation 1.25 goals. Find which team may be considered more consistent?

 Answer
 Discussion
 Share

The mean and the standard deviation of goals scored by team A are calculated as follows.

No. of goals scored No. of matches fixi xi2 fixi2

0 1 0 0 0

1 9 9 1 9

2 7 14 4 28

3 5 15 9 45

4 3 12 16 48

25 50 130

Thus, the mean of both the teams is same.

The standard deviation of team B is 1.25 goals.

The average number of goals scored by both the teams is same i.e., 2. Therefore, the team with lower standard deviation
will be more consistent.
Thus, team A is more consistent than team B.

Question 5:

The sum and sum of squares corresponding to length x (in cm) and weight y

(in gm) of 50 plant products are given below:

Which is more varying, the length or weight?

 Answer
 Discussion
 Share

Here, N = 50

∴ Mean,
Mean,

Thus, C.V. of weights is greater than the C.V. of lengths. Therefore, weights vary more than the lengths.

Question 1:

The mean and variance of eight observations are 9 and 9.25, respectively. If six of the observations are 6, 7, 10, 12, 12
and 13, find the remaining two observations.

 Answer
 Discussion
 Share

Let the remaining two observations be x and y.

Therefore, the observations are 6, 7, 10, 12, 12, 13, x, y.

From (1), we obtain

x2 + y2 + 2xy = 144 …(3)

From (2) and (3), we obtain

2xy = 64 … (4)

Subtracting (4) from (2), we obtain

x2 + y2 – 2xy = 80 – 64 = 16

⇒ x – y = ± 4 … (5)

Therefore, from (1) and (5), we obtain

x = 8 and y = 4, when x – y = 4

x = 4 and y = 8, when x – y = –4

Thus, the remaining observations are 4 and 8.

Question 2:

The mean and variance of 7 observations are 8 and 16, respectively. If five of the observations are 2, 4, 10, 12 and 14.
Find the remaining two observations.

 Answer
 Discussion
 Share
Let the remaining two observations be x and y.

The observations are 2, 4, 10, 12, 14, x, y.

From (1), we obtain

x2 + y2 + 2xy = 196 … (3)

From (2) and (3), we obtain

2xy = 196 – 100

⇒ 2xy = 96 … (4)

Subtracting (4) from (2), we obtain

x2 + y2 – 2xy = 100 – 96

⇒ (x – y)2 = 4

⇒ x – y = ± 2 … (5)

Therefore, from (1) and (5), we obtain

x = 8 and y = 6 when x – y = 2

x = 6 and y = 8 when x – y = – 2

Thus, the remaining observations are 6 and 8.

Question 3:
The mean and standard deviation of six observations are 8 and 4, respectively. If each observation is multiplied by 3, find
the new mean and new standard deviation of the resulting observations.

 Answer
 Discussion
 Share

Let the observations be x1, x2, x3, x4, x5, and x6.

It is given that mean is 8 and standard deviation is 4.

If each observation is multiplied by 3 and the resulting observations are yi, then

From (1) and (2), it can be observed that,

Substituting the values of xi and in (2), we obtain

Therefore, variance of new observations =

Hence, the standard deviation of new observations is

Question 4:

Given that is the mean and σ2 is the variance of n observations x1, x2 … xn. Prove that the mean and variance of the
observations ax1, ax2, ax3 …axn are and a2 σ2, respectively (a ≠ 0).

 Answer
 Discussion
 Share

The given n observations are x1, x2 … xn.

Mean =

Variance = σ2

If each observation is multiplied by a and the new observations are yi, then

Therefore, mean of the observations, ax1, ax2 … axn, is .

Substituting the values of xiand in (1), we obtain

Thus, the variance of the observations, ax1, ax2 … axn, is a2 σ2.

Question 5:

The mean and standard deviation of 20 observations are found to be 10 and 2, respectively. On rechecking, it was found
that an observation 8 was incorrect. Calculate the correct mean and standard deviation in each of the following cases:

(i) If wrong item is omitted.

(ii) If it is replaced by 12.

 Answer
 Discussion
 Share

(i) Number of observations (n) = 20

Incorrect mean = 10

Incorrect standard deviation = 2

That is, incorrect sum of observations = 200

Correct sum of observations = 200 – 8 = 192

∴ Correct mean

(ii) When 8 is replaced by 12,

Incorrect sum of observations = 200

∴ Correct sum of observations = 200 – 8 + 12 = 204

Question 6:

The mean and standard deviation of marks obtained by 50 students of a class in three subjects, Mathematics, Physics and
Chemistry are given below:

Subject Mathematics Physics Chemistry

Mean 42 32 40.9

Standard deviation 12 15 20

Which of the three subjects shows the highest variability in marks and which shows the lowest?

 Answer
 Discussion
 Share

Standard deviation of Mathematics = 12

Standard deviation of Physics = 15

Standard deviation of Chemistry = 20

The coefficient of variation (C.V.) is given by .

The subject with greater C.V. is more variable than others.

Therefore, the highest variability in marks is in Chemistry and the lowest variability in marks is in Mathematics.

Question 7:

The mean and standard deviation of a group of 100 observations were found to be 20 and 3, respectively. Later on it was
found that three observations were incorrect, which were recorded as 21, 21 and 18. Find the mean and standard
deviation if the incorrect observations are omitted.

 Answer
 Discussion
 Share

Number of observations (n) = 100

Incorrect mean

Incorrect standard deviation

∴ Incorrect sum of observations = 2000

⇒ Correct sum of observations = 2000 – 21 – 21 – 18 = 2000 – 60 = 1940