NSTP 111-CWTS
Prof. Vida L. Torres
OTHER NATIONAL SECURITY
CONCERNS
God is our refuge and strength, an ever-present
help in trouble. Therefore we will not fear, though
the earth give way and the mountains fall into the
heart of the sea, though its waters roar and foam
and the mountains quake with their surging.
— PSALM 46: 1-3
Learning Objectives:
● Get familiar with the various internal and external threats affecting
the national/local security concerns.
● Prepare action plan in preventing threats in the school and the
community as a contribution in addressing national security concerns.
● Be aware of their involvement to help address national security
concerns particulary in the community and the university.
NATIONAL SECURITY CONCERNS
a.1. Internal Threats
a.2. External Threats
a.3. Role of the youth in the National
Security
NATIONAL SECURITY
THE NATIONAL SITUATION OF THE PHILIPPINES (PIA 2018)
Press Statement of Hermogenes Esperon Jr, Director General, National Security Council
The Philippines was stable and secure in 2018.
We recall that in 2018, the security sector was preoccupied with the following:
In the external environment, the West Philippine Sea issue remained to be contentious due to overlapping territorial
claims and maritime domain concerns among the various claimants. The great powers contest had actually shifted focus
towards the contested waters of the South China Sea/West Philippine Sea, and in Asia in general
Amidst this renewed global interest on Asia, the Duterte Administration adopted a “middle ground” position signifying
that the Philippines is a friend to all and an enemy to none. With this mindset, the Philippines had embarked on an
independent foreign policy that forges new partnerships with China and Russia, while maintaining ties with traditional
partners such as the United States.
In securing the country’s territorial integrity and sovereignty in the West Philippine Sea, we continue the use of
diplomatic engagements with China and other claimant states without compromising Philippine national interest. The
Bilateral Consultative Mechanism with China was established while the ASEAN-centered negotiations for the Code of
Conduct in the South China Sea was formalized.
The Philippines also pursued the development of its deterrence capabilities for a credible defense posture, particularly
through the increased funding allocation by Congress. The improvement of facilities in the Philippine-occupied features in
the West Philippine Sea were also undertaken.
Trans-boundary issues such as terrorism, drug-trafficking, piracy, smuggling, and human trafficking are being addressed
through the strong collaborative mechanisms within the ASEAN framework. The Philippines remains an active member-
state that recognizes the ASEAN way in undertaking concerted actions against security threats and challenges in the
region.
In the Philippines, illegal drugs have become a national security threat. The campaign against illegal drugs has become
a primary mission and the campaign will even be more intensified to eradicate the menace. The terrorist threat posed by
local communist terrorist groups and other extremist groups continue to threaten the lives, properties, and freedoms of
the Filipino people. They hamper the country’s potential economic gains and progress.
The threat from ISIS-affiliated groups remains despite their resounding defeat in Marawi, which is now undergoing
reconstruction and rehabilitation.
Elsewhere, in areas where there are local terrorist groups such as the Abu Sayyaf, Maute and the BIFF, the operations
will be relentless. More security forces will be deployed, as necessary
Only a few weeks ago, President Duterte issued Executive Order 70 (EO 70) providing for a Whole-
of-Nation approach in defeating the Local Communist Terrorist Groups. A National Task Force to
End Local Communist Armed Conflict (NTF-ELCAC) was created to synchronize the utilization of
the government’s instrumentalities of power with the capabilities of private sector stakeholders to
finally end the 50-year long deceit, lies and atrocities committed by the communist terrorists against
the people.
The President himself is leading the way By taking the role of National Task Force Commander, he is
demonstrating resolve to fulfill his vow to provide a better future for the Filipino people.
The “Whole-of-Nation Approach” gives importance to inclusive and sustainable framework towards attaining peace.
In this light, the government remained persistent in implementing the Enhanced Comprehensive Localized Integration
Program (E-CLIP), wherein rebel returnees have found alternatives to a life of crime and violence.
On the Mindanao situation, the recent Congressional approval to extend Martial Law demonstrates government’s
commitment at maintaining peace and order and eliminating extremist influence in the region. The extended
implementation of Martial Law will be vital in ensuring the success of the upcoming plebiscite of the Bangsamoro Organic
Law in January 2019.
Prospects are bright for an even more stable and secure nation in 2019. With the NSS and the “Whole-of Nation
Approach” in place, the security sector will become more robust in addressing future security challenges. We are
optimistic that as we are able to provide continuing stability, more developmental prospects, small and big – such as our
Build, Build, Build projects -- will see fruition. All these will translate to improved economic standing and better living
conditions of most Filipinos.
HUMAN SECURITY AND NATIONAL SECURITY
In the 1994 United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Report, human security
was referred to as having two aspects: “…first safety from such chronic threats as
hunger, disease and repression…second, it means protection from sudden and hurtful
disruptions in the patterns of daily life – whether in homes, in jobs, or in
communities. Such threats can exist at all levels of national income and development.”
HUMAN SECURITY AND NATIONAL SECURITY
This was supplemented by an explanation from the former UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan which
states that:
“Human security, in its broadest sense, embraces far more than the absence of violent conflict. It
encompasses human rights, good governance, access to education and health care and ensuring that
each individual has opportunities and choices to fulfill his or her potential… Every step in this
direction is also a step towards reducing poverty, achieving economic growth and preventing conflict.
Freedom from want, freedom from fear, and the freedom of future generations to inherit a healthy
natural environment – these are the interrelated building blocks of human – and therefore national
– security.”
HUMAN SECURITY AND NATIONAL SECURITY
Thus, according to the United Nations (UN) Commission, Human Security:
seeks to “protect the vital core of all human lives in ways that enhance human
freedom and fulfillment.
requires “protecting people from critical and pervasive threats” and “
empowering them to take charge of their own lives”
“ protection and empowerment are mutually reinforcing and cannot succeed in isolation”
Commission puts emphasis on the “need for comprehensive, integrated and people-centered solutions
that together can help people develop the building blocks of survival, livelihood and dignity”
NATIONAL SECURITY is defined as the state or condition wherein the values which a nation treasuers such
as territorial integrity, sovereignity, people’s way of life and well being are protected and enhanced. It is the
requirement to maintain the survival of the nation-state through the use of economic military and political power
and the exercise of diplomacy. The measures taken to ensure national security include:
> Using diplomacy to rally allies and isolate threats;
> Maintaining effective armed forces;
> Implementing civil defense and emergency preparedness measures (including anti-terrorism legislation);
> Ensuring the resilience and security of critical infrastructure; and
> Using intelligence services to detect and defeat or avoid threats and espionage, and to protect classified
information.
In the Philippine context as indicated by the NSC Permanent Secretariat, National Security is described as a condition
or state of being where the Filipino people’s values, way of life, institutions, welfare, and well-being, sovereignty and
strategic relations are protected and enhanced. The elements of National Security are the following:
Moral-spiritual consensus
Cultural cohesiveness
Economic solidarity
Socio-political stability Ecological balance
Territorial integrity
International harmony
THREE MAJOR PILLARS OF NATIONAL SECURITY
(National Security Policy 2017-2022, National Security Council)
1. Safeguarding the Philippine’s national Unity, its democracy and its social institutions – All citizens share one national
identity that is, being Filipinos regardless of their ethnic, religious, cultural and ideological orientation.
2. Security of the State and preserving and protecting its sovereignty, territorial integrity and institutions
– This is provided in the Constitution as stated in the following:
Definition of national territory consistent with new international covenants (Art. I)
Renunciation of war as an instrument of national policy (Art. II Sec. 2)
Civilian supremacy over military (Art. II Sec. 3)
Role of the armed forces as protector of the people and the State (Art. II Sec. 3)
THREE MAJOR PILLARS OF NATIONAL SECURITY
(National Security Policy 2017-2022, National Security Council)
Maintenance of peace and order, the protection of life, liberty and property and the promotion of the general welfare
(Art. II Sec. 5 )
Pursuit of an independent foreign policy based on national sovereignty and national interest (Art. II Sec. 7)
Right to self-determination (Art. II Sec. 7)
Freedom from nuclear weapons (Art II Sec. 8)
Suspension of the writ of habeas corpus (Art. III Sec. 15)
Concept of a citizen army (Art XVI Sec. 4)
3. Protection of properties, infrastructures and keeping the people safe from all forms of threats, both here and abroad,
and to the extent possible, creating jobs in order to bring back home overseas Filipino workers where their physical safety
can be fully guaranteed by the Government.
NATIONAL SECURITY INTEREST
From the Preamble and the mandate of the President, there are eight (8) National Security Interest that serve as the
Government strategic focus with regard to the country’s security.
1. Public Safety, Law and Order and Justice
2. Socio-Political Stability
3. Economic Solidarity and Sustainable Development
4. Territorial Integrity
5. Ecological Balance
6. Cultural Cohesiveness
7. Moral and Spiritual Consensus
8. International Peace and Cooperation
NATIONAL SECURITY AND THE NSTP PROGRAM
The 1987 Constitution enshrined in its Declaration of Principles that the Filipinos are duty-bound to protect the country
and, as such, they may undergo service training programs ([Link], Sec. 4, The Philippine Constitution).
The Government may call upon the people to defend the state, and in fulfillment thereof, all citizens may be required,
under conditions provided by law, to render personal, military or civil service.
The NSTP is a program aimed at enhancing civic consciousness and defense preparedness in the youth by developing the
ethics of service and patriotism while undergoing training in its three (3) program components, specifically designed to
enhance youth’s active contribution to general welfare.
MANPOWER RESERVOIR FOR NATIONAL SECURITY
1. Graduate of CWTS and LTS shall belong to the National Service
Reserved Corps (NSRC) which could be tapped by the State for literacy and civic welfare
activities such as assisting in disaster preparedness, mitigation, esponse and
rehabilitation programs.
2. Graduates of the ROTC component shall form part of the AFP Citizen
Armed Forces and AFP Reserve Force, subject to DND requirements.
THREATS TO NATIONAL SECURITY
A. Man Made Threats
a. Terrorism
b. Explosion/Bomb Threats
c. Campus Violence/Frat and Gang War
d. Kidnapping/Hostage Taking
e. Drug Addiction
f. Armed Robberies/Hold Ups
g. Snatching
h. Sabotage
i. Fire
j. Technological Threats such as gambling through number games, internet hold ups and cyber-crimes (computer hacking,
computer pilferage, ATM stealing and cyber prostitution)
THREATS TO NATIONAL SECURITY
B. Natural Threats
A. Earthquakes
B. Typhoons
C. Floods
D. Volcanic Eruptions
E. Tsunamis
ROLE OF THE YOUTH IN NATIONAL SECURITY
In an article entitle “10 Ways Youth Can Make an Impact”, it provided the youth
means to contribute to the country’s national security. It emphasized that youth
engagement can bring about social change. It sends a message that the youth don’t
have to wait to become adults to be significant and active members of the society.
“10 Ways Youth Can Make an Impact”
1. Know your rights. Read up, get informed and practice your right!! The youth can
maximize their rights if they are well-informed. The existing rights are only of value to
the youth if they are understood, observed and used.
2. Learn about local issues. What are the concerns plaguing your community? How are
the concerns affecting you and your immediate environment? Knowing the problem can
lead to possible solutions and the youth’s role in the grand scheme of things.
ROLE OF THE YOUTH IN NATIONAL SECURITY
3. Speak out. Don’t be afraid to speak your mind either online, through social media, and offline,
gatherings and meetings. Be assertive and express your interests. Someone is bound to read or to
listen to it. However, be responsible of what you aired and support it with facts. Also, respect the
views of others regardless if it agrees or disagrees with you.
4. Network. There is strength in numbers. Reach out to them and learn their efforts and initiatives.
It could pave way to bigger things for you.
ROLE OF THE YOUTH IN NATIONAL SECURITY
5. Spread the word. Talk to your friends and family about the concerns and issues you
see as important. You can provide a voice to unaddressed issues, educate and
influence the people around you.
6. Join campaigns. Be one with the people having the same vision and initiative as
you. Create solutions and actions that can be done in your community.
ROLE OF THE YOUTH IN NATIONAL SECURITY
7. Host a youth summit. Learn and share your perspectives and views with peers as
well as decisionmakers. Schools and local organizations can be of great support to you
in trying to create a forum for the exchange of ideas. Bring together different
communities and understand what you have in common, as well as your differences in
interests and perspectives.
ROLE OF THE YOUTH IN NATIONAL SECURITY
8. Use your creativity. Use your passion for the arts and your hobbies into a
productive action towards your ideals.
9. Join/create a youth organization. Local youth organizations are great places to
expand your knowledge and become an active member of your society. If your
community doesn’t have an organization representing youth, create one. Be the
trendsetter!
ROLE OF THE YOUTH IN NATIONAL SECURITY
10. Be an inspiration. Believe in yourself, and follow your passion. Passionate youth will
change the world.
SOURCE: [Link]
[Link]
THANKS!
Do you have any questions?
youremail@[Link]
+91 620 421 838
[Link]
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