HEC-RAS FULL REPORT
BFC 43201 : CIVIL ENGINEERING SOFTWARE
SESSION : SEMESTER 1 (2020/2021)
GROUP : 6
GROUP MEMBER :
MOHD SHAKEL BIN ABDUL RAHMAN (CF170176)
MAXTHERSON USAH ANAK NGADAN (CF170046)
ZAIIRUL HAFIZHAT BIN JOFRI (CF170172)
MUHAMMAD FAREEZ BIN YUNAS (AF170105)
ABDUL AL MUHAIMIN BIN ABU BAKAR (AF170278)
LECTURER : PROF. MADYA Ir. Ts. Dr. TAN LAI WAI
TABLE OF CONTENT:
NO. CONTENT PAGES
1.0 Introduction 1
2.0 Problem statement 2
3.0 Objective 2
4.0 Study area 2
5.0 Methodology 3-7
6.0 Analysis & Results 8-19
7.0 Conclusion 19
1.0 INTRODUCTION
HEC-RAS is a computer software designing the hydraulic flow of water through existing rivers
and channels. Occasionally, the maker upgraded this programme to be friendlier consumers.
Centered on the one-dimensional modelling analysis, flow modelling and modelling capabilities
have been updated to a two-dimensional modelling analysis. This programme was developed to
control waterways, harbors and other public works under the competence of the United States
Defense Department, Army Corps of Engineers. It is commonly used in flood control and
insurance research by hydraulic engineers to measure flood intrusions. It also applied research
and channel alteration studies on the construction of bridges and culvers. This software is built
with bridges as well as tapestries, cords and structure to form a subcritical, supercritical and
mixed flow regime. Steady flow is the central numerical method focused on the energy equation
solution. The energy losses can be measured by friction and contraction. The momentum equation
used in an increasingly varied water surface profile, such as hydraulic jumps, hydraulic bridges
and river confluence profiles are measured.
The mission for our project is to build a HEC-RAS-connected drainage model for Sembrong
River. The river is a natural example of rivers, which are usually referred to as non-prismatic
channels and have cross sections. This mobile boundary canals are boundary channels which are
deformed by the continuing erosion and deposition process due to the flow. The high rate of
runoff and the natural geography of the River portion have demonstrated that this area has floods.
It is also vital that the water from the river should not overflow to ensure flooding on rainy days.
This research is therefore important. Flooding is caused by heavy rainfall which results in high
rivers which have excess stream capacity. Huge fields are also submerged. The form of the river
does this so the water that induces overflow cannot fill completely. Moreover, the research aims
to establish the required shape of rivers so that water flows can be completely assisted. The
method of constructing the appropriate river formation at the crossing is carried out by cutting
and filling elsewhere on the river by cross modifications.
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2.0 PROBLEM STATEMENT
a) The key cause of the flood was identified as higher rainfall rate in Malaysia.
b) The spatial structure of the flood bed triggers overflow of water.
c) The state must pay millions of dollars in damages to restore.
3.0 OBJECTIVES
a) Identify the issue of the flood in the field.
b) Analyze river performance.
c) Find the maximum discharge Qmax within the river before over flowing.
d) Propose a hydraulically efficient trapezoidal channel to ensure no over flow will occur.
4.0 STUDY AREA
In order to focus on the particular field and topic of study, restrictions were made for the study of
regions.
Sembrong
River
Figure 4.1: Flow of Sembrong River
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5.0 Methodology
HEC-RAS software is used to complete this project and analysis the river flows at Sembrong
River. Subcritical flow has been applied in the HEC-RAS to determine the minimum and
maximum flows at Sembrong River. The term of subcritical flow is refer to when the condition of
the water depth is greater than critical depth and it is dominated by gravitational forces. Other
than that, the other types of water flows such as supercritical flowwhich is dominated by inertial
forces and behave as rapid or unsteady flow. Therefore, the downstream s section will have more
water in subcritical condition if compare to the supercritical condition that is shown in figure
below.
Therefore, the steady flow analysis will compute in subcritical flow to ensure that the water will
not overflow and avoid flood to occurs.
Figure: Subcritical and supercritical flow
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5.1 Procedure
To start analyze water flow using HEC-RAS, for each cross section, insert all the information
provided such as datum, length, Manning Coefficient’s and LR from section SB106 to SB99.
Then, compute the analysis as subcritical condition such as shown below. Then the cross-section
from SB106-SB99 will be [Link] is the procedure that is use to complete the HEC-RAS
project.
1. Create the cross-section (SB106-SB99)
-The cross-section will be automatically create once all the parameter has been insert
into the data.
2. Insert the data
-The parameter involves during this stage is such as left bank,right bank,
elevation modification, and length each of station.
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3. Run the steady flow analysis
4. View the cross section
-After all the above process has been complete, then it will enable us to view the
cross-section including animation control.
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5. Cross section design
For this project, our group need to design trapezoidal channel. Then, the tools will be
applied to ensure the section can fit for water discharge. Alternative and template are
created to modify the channel. For this project, our group has decided to use the design
such as follows :
Channel depth : 8m
Bottom width : 16m
Side slope :1.5
Manning’s Value (n) ; 0.015
The shape of design is shown in discuss and result analysis.
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5.2 Flow Chart
To ensure the work progress is follow the schedule, the flow chart has been construct for this
project. The work flow is shown as below :
Start
HEC-RAS study
Create model in HEC-RAS
Steady flow parameter
Steady flow analysis
Results
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6.0 Analysis & Result
This analysis involves a total of 7 cross-section points for the river in which are,
SB106, SB105, SB104, SB102, SB101, SB100, and SB99. Not every cross-section needed to
be changed but it is decided to propose a whole new channel for modification of the current
river. HEC-RAS is employed to create an open channel system to replace the existing river
for better flood management. This program can be used to calculate any cut and fill
requirements in advance and add considerably to the accuracy of preconstruction planning
and cost analysis. This process also serves to minimize a project's total environmental
signature because little or no additional, off-site excavation is required.
In this analysis, the river can sustain a limit of 12 m³/s before it is overflowing or
flooded. Therefore, the Qmax for the river will be Qmax = 12 m³/s. This is a scenario where
the river is flowing water without any additional runoffs and able to sustain with no
problems. As such, it is given that the approximation of river flow including runoff due to
rain and related expectations will change the value to 2Qmax, therefore 2Qmax = 24 m³/s
The following figures will represent the Sembrong river originally before any sort of
modification. The figures will signify both scenario occurrence (Qmax & 2Qmax) when the
river is not yet modified for the proposed open channel reference.
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River 3D View Qmax River 3D View 2Qmax
SB106 Qmax SB106 2Qmax
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SB105 Qmax SB105 2Qmax
SB104 Qmax SB104 2Qmax
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SB102 Qmax SB102 2Qmax
SB101 Qmax SB101 2Qmax
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SB100 Qmax SB100 2Qmax
SB99 Qmax SB99 2Qmax
From the figures above, there is a clear indication that points SB100, SB101 and
SB102 are overflowing or flooding due to excessive flow added by runoff in the area. This
observation is proof that a new and improved open channel system is needed to replace the
current river channel to avoid any overflow or flooding in the area.
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The following tables and figures will represent the proposed open channel system
modification to be built on top of the current river channel to prevent the area from being
flooded with water and improving the flow of water in the channel. The details are:
Type = Simple Trapezoid
Fill Channel Below Template = Yes
Channel Depth = 8m
Bottom Width = 16m
Side Slope = 1:1.5
Manning’s n Value = 0.015
Cut to Daylight Side Slope =0
Figure shows the template design for the proposed open channel design
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Figure shows the proposed open channel design
River Reach RS Range Net Volume Total Cut Volume Total Fill Volume Total
1 Sembrong 6 106 to 105 45078 67224 22146
2 Sembrong 6 105 to 104 10304 36990 26686
3 Sembrong 6 104 to 102 -10178 11571 21749
4 Sembrong 6 102 to 101 -12766 952 13718
5 Sembrong 6 101 to 100 -15984 513 16497
6 Sembrong 6 100 to 99 -1909 2833 4742
Totals 14545 120083 105538
Table shows the Cut & Fill needed for modification of river
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Figure shows river cross-section after modification
Proposed Open Channel Qmax Proposed Open Channel 2Qmax
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Proposed SB106 Qmax Proposed SB106 2Qmax
Proposed SB105 Qmax Proposed SB105 2Qmax
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Proposed SB104 Qmax Proposed SB104 2Qmax
Proposed SB102 Qmax Proposed SB102 2Qmax
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Proposed SB101 Qmax Proposed SB101 2Qmax
Proposed SB100 Qmax Proposed SB100 2Qmax
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Proposed SB99 Qmax Proposed SB99 2Qmax
From the figures above, it is proven that the proposed open channel system in
replacement for the current natural river is better and improved in terms of flood prevention
and proper water flow in an open channel system.
7.0 CONCLUSION
In conclusion, HEC-RAS software help to determine the minimum and maximum
flows at Sembrong River. Besides, able to prevent flood or excess of water from Sembrong
River that can occur accidents such as loss live, and soil erosion. From propose, a whole new
channel for modification of the current river with HEC-RAS we able create an open channel
system to replace the existing river for better flood management. Several modifications on
channel has been done and the river able withstand with capacity of water flow at Sembrong
River. Through this improvement, we can prevent water to overflow and it can stay within a
longer period.
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