Name: Mohammod Hossain Chowdhury.
ID: 1931328042.
Serial No: 31.
Section: 09.
Islamic Civilization: Rise of Prophet Muhammad (SAW)
Islam is the great monotheistic religion of the world. Islam means submission, and surrender to
the will of God, and it is its core concept. "There is no god but God, and Muhammad is his
messenger" is the fundamental article of faith. Followers of Islam are called Muslims. Muslims
believe that they follow the same tradition as the Judeo-Christian figures Adam, Noah, Abraham,
Moses, and Jesus, whom they believe were significant prophets before Muhammad. Muhammad
was the prophet and founder of Islam. The Qur'an, Islam's holy book, offers very little
information about the life of Muhammad; however, the Prophet's hadiths, or sayings, which were
mostly collected in the centuries following the death of Muhammad, offer a broader narrative of
the events in his life.
Muhammad was born in 570 C.E. (Common Era) in Mecca, and in his early life, he lost his
parents. His father died before he was born. First, his grandparents and then his uncle raised
him. He belonged to the Quraysh tribe, a poor but decent family. The family was involved in
politics and trade in Mecca. He married a wealthy widow named Khadija, who was 15 years
older, and his employer. Khadija was impressed by Mohammod's honesty, and she proposed to
marry him. Muhammad had his first religious experience around 610 C.E., where the Angel
Gabriel instructed him to recite the Quran. Muhammad acknowledged his position as the prophet
of God after a time of introspection and self-doubt and started to preach the word of the one God,
or in Arabic, Allah. His wife Khadija became his first convert.
Divine recitations of Muhammad underpin the Qur'an and are organized into books (surahs) and
chapters (ayat). Since these discoveries concentrated on a kind of monotheism deemed to
challenge Mecca's ruling tribe (the Quraysh), of which Muhammad was part, the early Muslims
faced considerable persecution. Muhammad and his followers finally left Mecca in 622 for
Yathrib, which today is known as Medina, where his community was welcomed. This event is
known as the Hijrat or emigration. The beginning of the Muslim calendar, which is still in use
today, is 622, the year of the Hijrat (A.H.). Muhammad settled in Medina, building his Muslim
community and gradually gathering acceptance and more followers. The Muslims were engaged
in a series of fights for their survival between 624 and 628. Muhammad and his supporters
prevailed in the final major conflict, The Battle of Medina's Trench and Siege, and a treaty was
signed. A year later, the treaty was broken by the Meccan allies. Muhammad had plenty of
powers by now, and the balance of power had changed from the Meccans' leaders to him. The
Muslim army marched to Mecca in 630, taking the town with limited casualties. Muhammad
conferred amnesty on many of the leaders of Mecca who opposed him and forgave many others.
Much of the population of Mecca has converted to Islam. One of Muhammad's first acts was to
purge all of its idols from the Kaaba (The Kaaba was historically an important pilgrimage site for
the Arabian Peninsula's polytheistic religious practices and housed various idols of pagan gods).
The Arabs claim descent from Ishmael, the son of Abraham and Hagar. The Kaaba then became
the most important center for pilgrimage in Islam.
Muhammad passed away in Medina in 632. In a line of prophets that included Moses, Abraham,
and Jesus, Muslims believe Mohammod was the final one.
References:
1. Dyer, Gwynne. (“IS Targets Mideast, Not the West.” Winnipeg Free Press, F.P. Canadian
Newspapers Limited Partnership).
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2. Muskaan Gulati (2020). Religion and law.
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[Link] name: DR. ARATHI MENON. (South Asia (I) - Humanities LibreTexts).
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4. “Introduction to Islam” by DR. ELIZABETH MACAULAY-LEWIS
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