LABORATORY REPORT
Physical Chemistry II Laboratory
THREE COMPONENT SYSTEMS
Name:_________ Date Started: January 08, 2020
Group No.: Date Ended: January 15, 2020
IV. TABULATED DATA AND RESULTS
Datum
Components: Toluene +acetic acid
Titrant: Water
Flask Toluene Acetic(ml) Weight Weight Weight acetic
number (ml) Acid flask (g) flask acid+water+toluene Water (ml)
+toluene (g) (titrant)
(g)
9 4.5 0.5 95.613 99.236 101.97 1.3
8 4 1 94.153 98.674 98.93 1.6
7 3.5 1.5 92. 158 95.481 96.803 1.7
6 3 2 96.54 101.106 101.595 2.2
5 1 1 90.884 91.71 92.99 2.3
4 2 3 94.22 96.136 99.24 2.4
3 1.5 3.5 96.467 97.834 101.567 2.5
2 1 4 93.798 94.808 99.30 3.0
1 0.5 4.5 81.667 82.255 88.035 3.8
Table 1.1: Toluene and acetic acid mixture
Figure 1.1: Ternary diagram for toluene and acetic acid mixture and titrant water
Components: water +acetic acid
Titrant: Toluene
Flask Water (ml) Acetic(ml) Weight flask Weight flask Weight
number Acid (g) +water (g) acetic Toluene
acid+water+ (ml)
flask (g) (titrant)
1 4.5 0.5 94.13 98.61 99.112 0.2
2 4 1 97.09 101.20 102.20 0.5
3 3.5 1.5 81.12 85.37 84.91 0.7
4 3 2 93.81 96.82 99.00 1.6
5 1 1 94.12 95.20 96.19 2.3
6 2 3 82.50 94.43 97.91 3.0
7 1.5 3.5 98.50 100.50 103.99 3.5
8 1 4 90.82 92.19 96.24 4.6
9 0.5 4.5 96.49 97.06 101.76 6.8
Table 1.2: water and acetic acid mixture
Figure 1.2: Ternary diagram for water and acetic acid mixture and titrant toluene
V. DISCUSSION OF RESULTS
The ternary diagram above consists of three components toluene, water and acetic
acid. Mass percentage for each component for the 2 trials using water and toluene as titrant
was shown in figures 1.1 and 1.2 respectively. The graphs were obtained using an online
ternary graph creator and due to the shortage of chemicals toluene and acetic acid available,
instead of using 9 ml of toluene for 1 ml of acetic acid the volume used in the experiment
were halved but the ratio remained proportional as instructed in the instructor’s manual. In
the first half of the table in Table 1.1 above, 4.5 mL of toluene and 0.5 mL of acetic acid is
titrated with 1.3 mL of water. The purpose of the titration is the detection of the
equivalence point, the point at which chemically equivalent amounts of the reactants have
been mixed [1] and in order to calculate the required masses of each component, obtaining
the volume of water is necessary at each given volume of toluene and acetic acid and all the
three component can achieved a homogenous solution (one liquid phase). The
concentrations of the two component used in this experiment must be expressed by mass.
This is because in pharmaceutical interest, it will be an efficient method of preparing
dispersions and allows the concentration to be expressed as mole fraction or molality [2].
VI. CONCLUSION
In this experiment toluene, water and acetic acid components are plotted in a
ternary diagram using mass percentage of 2 trials by using the density of each component.
Since the graph depends on experimentation and dependent on the accuracy of the student
to determine turbidity during titration, values may slightly differ from the theoretical.
VII. APPENDICES:
VII.I Data
Components: Toluene +acetic acid
Titrant: Water
Figure 2.1: Obtained data with components toluene and acetic acid mixture and titrant water
Figure 2.2: Obtained data with components water and acetic acid mixture and titrant toluene
[Link] CALCULATIONS
i. Mass Toluene (C7H8 ), Acetic acid (CH3COOH), water (H2O):
M C7H8 = ρ×V
= (1.295g/mL) × (4.5 mL)
= 5.820g
M CH3COOH = ρ×V
= (1.068g/mL) × (0.5 mL)
= 0.534 g
M H2O = ρ×V
= (0.997g/mL) × (0.15 mL)
= 0.14955 g
ii. Mass % (C7H8 ) , Acetic acid (CH3COOH), water (H2O):
Massof component
Mass % of component = × 100
total mass
5.820 g
Mass % C7H8 =
( 5.820+ 0.534+0.1495 ) g
= 89.5%
0.534 g
Mass % CH3COOH =
(0.544 +5.820+0.1495)
= 8.21%
Mass % H2O = 0.1495 g
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= 2.30%
VIII. ABSTRACT OF THE EXPERIMENT
In this experiment given volumes of toluene and acetic acid is titrated with water to
determine the equivalence point and vice versa for 2 trials. The mass percentage must be
obtained to plot values on a ternary phase diagram by using the average of components on both
trials made.
References:
[1] Swindells, J.F. et. Al. 1952, Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards, Viscosity
of water at 20℃ , 48:1 Retrieved from:
[Link]
[2] Godfrey B.M., (2011) University of Tennessee, Knoxville Trace: Tennessee Research and
Creative Exchange : Experimental results for performed on the international space station
Retrieved from: [Link]
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