INTRAVENOUS FLUID
SPIKE CONNECTOR: inserted into the solution’s
container and is kept sterile.
DRIP CHAMBER: allows the fluid to flow one drop
at a time, making it easy to see the flow rate
PIGGYBACK JUNCTION: Allows infusion of
another IV Fluid into the same line
ROLLER CLAMP: it controls the rate of the flow
INJECTION PORT: Used for administration of
medications like antibiotic
DEFINITION:
Intravenous Fluid therapy or
IVF therapy is the administration of
liquid substances directly into a vein.
It is the fastest way to deliver
fluids and medications throughout
the body.
PURPOSES OF INTRAVENOUS FLUID
1. To supply fluids when clients are unable to take in an adequate volume of fluids by
mouth.
2. To provide salts needed to maintain electrolyte balance.
3. To provide glucose (dextrose), the main fuel for metabolism.
4. To provide water-soluble vitamins and medications.
5. To promote a life line for rapidly needed medications.
TYPES OF INTRAVENOUS FLUID ACCORDING TO TONICITY
1. Isotonic Solution
Solution that have a concentration of dissolved particles or tonicity equal to the body
fluid which is used to maintain fluid intake and reestablish water volume
Examples of IVfluids:
a. NSS (NOrmal Saline Solution/ 0.9% NaCl) - contains only electrolytes Na&Cl.
b. D5W (5% dextrose in water) - contains no electrolytes
c. Lactated Ringer's Solution - contains Na, K, Ca, Cl & Lactate
2. Hypotonic Solution
It has lesser tonicity than that of the body fluid and has lesser solute concentration
that makes the cell swell
Used to provide free water and treat cellular dehydration.
Examples of Hypotonic Fluids:
a. 0.45% NaCl (half strength normal saline)
b. 0.33% NaCl ( one third strength normal saline)
3. Hypertonic Solution
It has tonicity or solute concentration greater than that of the body fluid.
It makes the cell shrink
Given to patients with hyponatremias (Na deficits) with edema
Examples of Hypertonic Fluids:
a. D5NSS (5% Dextrose in normal saline solution)
b. D5 in 0.45% NaCl ( 5% Dextrose in half strength normal saline)
c. D5LR (5% Dextrose in Lactated Ringer's Solution)
d. D10W ( 10% Dextrose in water)
e. D50W50 (50% Dextrose in 50 ml of water)
ELECTROLYTE SOLUTIONS
Electrolyte solutions are either NaCl (saline solutions) or multiple electrolyte solutions containing
varying amounts of cations and anions.
Commonly Used Solutions are:
1. Normal Saline Solution (0.9% NaCl Solution) - contains electrolytes Na & Cl only
2. Ringer's Solution - contains Na, Cl, K, Ca
3. Lactated Ringer's Solution - contains Na, Cl, K, Ca & Lactate( a salt of lactic acid that is
metabolized in the liver to form bicarbonate)
INTRAVENOUS FLUID REGULATION
Intravenous (IV) fluid regulation refers to the manual or automatic pump control of the
rate of flow of IV fluids as they are delivered to a patient through a vein. he purpose of
intravenous fluid regulation is to control the amount of fluid that a patient is receiving, usually
within a given hour of IV therapy. Without fluid regulation, the IV would run in by gravity at a
rapid rate and could cause fluid or drug overload.
Drip / Drop Factor
Macrodrop: 15 drops/minute
Microdrop: 60 drops/minute
Milliliter/Hour
Total Infusion Volume
= ml/hour
Total Infusion Time
Drops/Minute
Total Infusion Volume Drop Factor
Total Infusion Time X 60 = drops/minute
FACTORS INFLUENCING FLOW RATES
1. Position of the forearm
2. Position and patency of the tubing
3. Height of the infusion bottle
4. Infiltration or fluid leakage
5. Size of anhiocatheter
IV CANNULA
Gauge 26 – violet
Gauge 24 – yellow
Gauge 22 – blue
Gauge 20 – pink
Gauge 18 – green
REFERENCES:
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