PLACE VALUE OF WHOLE
NUMBERS
e.g. 1. 702,845 in words - Seven Hundred and Two Thousand, Eight Hundred and
Forty Five
2. 360,400,295 in words - Three Hundred and Sixty Million, Four Hundred
Thousand, Two Hundred and Ninety Five.
TRY THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:
1. Write these words in figures.
a. three hundred and twenty-seven
b. Fifteen thousand, two hundred and thirty-four
c. twenty million four hundred
2. Write in words:
a. 734 b 9488
b. 360100
c. 2500000
d. 3620000
3. Look at the number [Link] the digit that gives
a. the number of hundreds
b. the number of millions
c. the number of thousands
d. the number of ten thousands.
4. Write these numbers in order with the smallest first.
a. 6493, 3724, 5024, 5566
b. 24721, 8492, 6643, 17021
c. 8451, 8876, 534, 10880
d. 43624, 734921, 2000843, 933402
5. Write the value of the 4 in these numbers.
a. 5047
b. 4056
c. 6403
d. 48976
e. 3304
6. Write the value of the 6 in these numbers.
a. 3607
b. 9056
5
c. 6883
d. 62854
7. Use all five of these cards to make
a. the largest number possible 1
b. the smallest number possible. 0
4 6
HOW TO ADD LARGE NUMBERS
Adding From Right to Left
1. Write any two or more multi-digit numbers in a vertical column. This method is
sometimes called "the traditional method." It involves adding the numbers in units of
single digits, then by units of tens, then by units of hundreds. This is accomplished by
working from right to left. Start by adding the figures 383 + 412 + 122.
Draw a line below the numbers. This line is equivalent to the equal sign in linear
math. You will write your final sum below this line, starting on the right and
moving to the left.
Careful placement of each number is essential in this method. Make sure you are
careful to place each number directly below the one above it. That is, 3, 2, and 2
should each be in a column of their own - these are the single digits. 8, 1, and 2
should be in a column - these are the units of tens. 3, 4, and 1 should be in a
column - these are the hundreds.
You may wish to use graph paper to help you keep your lines straight. Beginning
learners may even draw templates of horizontal rows and vertical columns to
practice lining their numbers up correctly.
2. Start on the column farthest to the right. Add these numbers, and write the sum
directly below this column, below the line. In the example above, adding 3 + 2 + 2 =
7. Write the 7 below the line.
You can also choose to add these numbers individually: 3 + 2 = 5. 5 + 2 = 7.
Add the number from the next column to the left. In our example, this would be 8 +
1 + 2. Continue working in this way from right to left until all numbers are added.
It is the same sequence no matter how many columns of numbers you have. You
can have as few as two columns, and as many as your page will hold.
It is also the same sequence no matter how many numbers are in your columns.
Use this sequence to add any two or more large numbers.
3. Carry the extra digit. If the sum is more than one digit, you will need to "carry" the
extra digit. This means that you will need to add an additional number into the next
column to the left.
You easily do this by writing a small number one to the top of your next column.
This is called "showing your work."
For example, add the sum 982 + 247 + 475, then draw a line beneath. Using the
right-to-left method, add 2 + 7 + 5. The sum is 14. Write the 4 beneath the line on
the right side as the sum, and write a small number 1 above the next column to the
left.
When you are adding the next column, simply include the additional 1 as a part of
your sum. For example, the next column would be the equation 8 + 4 + 7 (+1) = 20.
Write the 0 below the line, and write the 2 above the next column to the left.
Your next column will now read: 9 + 2 + 4 (+2). Add these numbers. Because there
is no additional column, you can now write your entire sum, whether it's one digit
or two. In this case, the sum is 17.
Look at the sum now written below the line: 1704. This is your total.
4. Group the numbers into larger units by rearranging them into units of ten. This
process can be done either mentally or on paper, and consists of rearranging the digits
you're adding for easier [Link] technique works well when adding long
columns of numbers.
Either mentally or with a pencil, go down the vertical column of numbers you need
to add, and group them into units of 10. For instance, in the vertical column 9 + 3 +
7 + 2 + 4 + 7 + 4 + 1, you can find three units of 10 (3 + 7, 2 + 4 + 4, 9 + 1) with 7
left. Therefore, your sum of this single column will be 37.
If you have a second vertical column, write the 7 at the base of the right column,
and carry the 3. Repeat this process until all columns have been added.
TRY THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:
Find the value of :
1. 6+9+4+7+8+5
2. 67 + 70 + 33 + 90 + 72
3. 930 + 2,014 + 1,002 + 10,201
4. 90,078 + 8,203 + 32,004 + 8,0720
5. 602,004 + 1,000,310 + 430,000 + 5,100,605
6. 58, 000, 000 + 4,000, 430 + 50,505,050
ADDITION - WORD PROBLEMS
EXAMPLE:
TRY THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:
1. Find the cost of a tin of baked beans at 675 cents, a cake at 250 cents and a can of cola
at 325 cents.
2. In the local corner shop I bought a magazine costing 295 cents, a pencil costing 145
cents and a packet of sweets costing 350 cents. How much did I spend?
3. Our local council have allocated $16,000,00 for education, $13,500,000 for the care
of the elderly, $750,000 for keeping the area clean and tidy and $ 2,350,000 for all
their other expenses. How much do they need to cover all these expenses?
4. A boy decided to save some money by an unusual method. He put 1 cent into his
money box for the first week, 2 cents in the second week, 4 cents in the third week, 8
cents in the fourth week, and so on. He gave up after 10 weeks. Write down how
much he put in his money box each week and add it up to find the total that he had
saved. Why do you think he gave up?
HOW TO SUBTRACT WHOLE
NUMBERS
Subtracting whole numbers is the inverse operation of adding whole numbers. With
subtraction, instead of adding two numbers to get a sum, you are taking away one number
from another to get a difference.
First, take a look at the simple subtraction problems above. These are subtractions with one
digit and subtractions with one digit are usually fairly easy to do.
The first one is 8 − 4 = 4. Thinking about money, it is like you have 8 dollars and you spend
4, you are left with 4 dollars.
Things start getting complicated when you have more than one digit and you cannot take
away the number at the bottom from the number on top such as when doing 85 − 8.
Study the following example carefully because the concept of borrowing a ten is illustrated
here.
Since you could not take away 8 from 5, you borrowed a ten from 8 tens and add that ten to 5
to make it 15.
You can also write the problem without the tens and the ones to make it look simpler as
illustrated below.
Another example
Once again, study the following example carefully. If you understand it and the one before,
you should be well on your way to mastering subtracting.
Step #1
You cannot take away 6 from 4. Therefore, borrow a 10 from 2 tens and then add that to 4
ones. The tens place now has 1 ten and the ones place now has 14 ones. The problem
becomes:
Step #2
You cannot take away 5 from 1. Therefore, borrow 1 hundred from 4 hundreds and add that
to 1 ten. 1 hundred = 10 tens. Add 10 tens to 1 ten to make it 11 tens. The hundreds place
now has 3 hundreds.
Step #3
You cannot take away 7 from 3. Therefore, borrow 1 thousand from 5 thousands. 1 thousand
= 10 hundreds. Add 10 hundreds to 3 hundreds to make it 13 hundreds. The thousands place
now has 4 thousands.
Finally, just subtract since all numbers at the bottom are now smaller than the number on top.
14 ones - 6 ones = 8 ones
11 tens - 5 tens = 6 tens
13 hundreds - 7 hundreds = 6 hundreds
4 thousands - 0 thousands = 4 thousands
TRY THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:
Find the value of:
1. 15 – 2
2. 526 – 315
3. 670,504 – 500,680
4. 78,000,000 – 54,060,000
SUBTRACTION - WORD PROBLEMS
EXAMPLE:
TRY THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:
1. Subtract twenty-two thousand and sixty-five from eighty thousand, five hundred and
forty-eight.
2. The book gives the populations of three countries as follows:
USA 287,365,732
Japan 152,845,756
Canada 34,815,377
How much larger is the population of the USA than the combined population of the
other two countries?
MIXED OPERATIONS - ADDITION AND
SUBTRACTION
NOTE:
EXAMPLE:
TRY THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:
Find the value of :
1. 25 − 6 + 7 – 9
2. 7−4+5–6
3. 2 + 13 − 7 + 3 – 8
4. 9500 − 1010 − 2050 + 4300
5. 107000 − 1127000 + 854000 + 231000
MIXED OPERATIONS - WORD PROBLEMS
EXAMPLE:
TRY THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:
Find:
1. Find the difference between twelve thousand, and three thousand two
hundred and eighty-three. Then add on eight hundred and forty-five.
2. Sarah gets 550c pocket money on Saturday.
On Monday she spends 235c.
On Tuesday she is given 450c for doing a special job at home.
On Thursday she spends 730c.
How much money has she got left?
e.g. Across 1. 73 – 31 = 42
That is the 4 goes in the box with the red arrow and the 2 goes in the box with the blue arrow.
Now try the rest.