ATTENDANCE MONITORING SYSTEM FOR

CHRISTIAN COLLEGE OF TANAUAN USING

RFID

Manansala, Lloyd Daniel

Uway, Crysthalene M.
 Chapter 1

Introduction

Background of the Study:

Automated monitoring system is now a trend, creating easier

method to identify item, track, monitor and add on security values. This process

became more efficient by using Radio Frequency Identification (RFID). It is a general

term that issued to describe a system that transmits the identity (in the form of a unique

serial number) of an object wirelessly, using radio waves. Using this new

technology monitoring is efficient and time conserving because all you have to do is

simply pass the RFID tags through the RFID sensor to identify the Information and

saved to the database.

Monitoring system is an exclusive software solution. It can be integrated with

RFID technology. In order to implement this project RFID reader, RFID tags and web

interface are required. The card reader should positively identify ID cards

and provide consistent logs and records. The records must be stored in

the central database in order to generate reports and the device must be capable to

communicate with the central database server.

When considering the complacency in every situation, automated monitoring

would help every personnel in monitoring data, goods and even people. Institutions and

companies nowadays become more secure in everything; by this it will reduce their

worries and over thinking on things, instead of wasting time in monitoring they can

maximize time to be more productive in other aspects of their work.

 In a view to ensuring the welfare of students in an institution where security is at

stake, student monitoring system would help to reduce unidentified absences and will

have a great help to their academic progress; Teachers will easily know

the students who failed to attend the class. The management and the

parents can greatly benefit from this kind of system. Monitoring the presence of

students inside the school premise is one of the privileges the institution could offer.

Studies show that there are some cases where the students come to school but failed to

attend their classes mostly in the middle of the school year. Assuring the safety

of every student by the use of modern technology will greatly help reduce

drop outs due to absences and unwanted accident reports of the students.

Christian College of Tanauan manually monitors the arrival and departure of

students by the guards, and can no longer prevent any unnecessary situations

involving the attendance whether the students attend their class or just wandered

around the campus. Unexpected loss of valuable things owned by the students can

also be prevented when student’s ins and outs are strictly monitored. It can

be easy for the security staffs to trace any incident of loss. Christian College of Tanauan

Attendance Monitoring System is being developed to provide a reliable,

secure, and efficient method of tracking the students’ arrival and departure

from school, Through SMS (Short Message Service) it can be easy to notify their

parents or guardians whenever they arrived or left the school premises. This

idea when implemented would also innovate the school in terms of modern

technology; the management can easily access the student’s individual

information through their identification cards, and can monitor their time in
and out, to be saved in their individual records. Teachers and department heads

could also benefit from this kind of system. They can easily identify who are the

students present in school, instead of looking for the specific student one by one. In this

manner, guards’ duty will be lessened.

General Problem:

How to create an attendance monitoring system of Christian College of Tanauan

using RFID?

Specific Problem:

1. How to develop a module that will monitor the attendance of students in Christian

College of Tanauan?

2. How to create a module that will monitor the in and out of the students using RFID?

3. How to create a module that will generate reports on student’s in and out of the

school.

General Objective:

To create an attendance monitoring system of Christian College of Tanauan

using RFID will have an advantage to their family to know the time of the students if

they are in and out of the school.

Specific Objective:

1. To develop a module that will monitor the attendance of students in CCT.

2. To create a module that will monitor the in and out of the students using RFID.

3. To create a module that will generate reports on students in and out of the school
Scope and Limitation:

The system is intended for the monitoring of in and out of all the students in

Christian College of Tanauan. The system will use RFID scanner as the primary device

in monitoring the in and out of the students. The SARDO will serve as the administrator

and can manage the attendance monitoring of the students. The administrator can also

generate reports of the attendance monitoring. The students will have to register in the

system in order for them to be recorded their in and out of the school premises. The

students will tap their RFID card in the RFID scanner in order to record their in and out.

The system will display information of the student such as student photo, student name,

student ID, year and section in order for the security guard to see if the bearer of the

card is the right student. The system can generate attendance monitoring for the

teachers in viewing their students attendance. The system will be only for the students

of Christian College of Tanauan. The system will also not using SMS in informing

parents on their children in and out of the school.

Significant of the Study

This study will be valuable and significant to students, parents, teachers and

future researchers and school

 Students

The study will help the students lessen their time entering school premises

without checking their ID’s.

 Parents
 This study will help them to know that what time their children come and go

out to the school premises. This will help them to know the school activities.

 Teachers

This study will help them to monitor the students who are the present and

absent and who are cutting their classes.

 Future Researchers

The study will serve as reference for the future researchers.

 Chapter 2

Review on Related Studies and Literature

Foreign Studies and Literature

Attendance Monitoring System

In this article, an Attendance Monitoring System (AMS) is proposed for

educational institutions. The novel aspect of this work is to integrate a password-

protected attendance counting module with the system. The module can effectively limit

the fraudulent activities in attendance monitoring process. Besides that, some

constraints are proposed to increase the security of the AMS. Based on the constraints

a new system is designed to maintain the attendance data and the user information.

The aim of this research is to design an effective AMS using the Radio Frequency

Identification (RFID) technology to prevent fraudulence. Besides, the attention is given

to the usability and the efficiency of the system. For this purpose, a usability testing

named System Usability Scale (SUS) is used after implementing the system in the real

world. The usability test result shows that the proposed system has an average SUS

score of 71.92 out of 100. The score indicates that the proposed system has the

adjective rating, "good" (range 71.4-85.5). A performance testing is conducted by

calculating the average response time for the system. The response time is collected by

varying the number of RFID tags and the lengths of the serial cable. The average

response time of the proposed system is found 1.11 second which is better than the

traditional paper-based system.[ CITATION Kha18 \l 1033 ]

GSM based student attendance management system is required to assist the

faculty and the lecturer for the time-consuming process. For this purpose, GSM/GPRS
(Global System for Mobile communication/General Packet Radio Service) based

student’s attendance management system using RFID (Radio Frequency Identification)

is a much convenient method to take the attendance. Student is provided with the RFID

tags. When student comes near to the reader, it will sense the respective student and

update attendance. The whole process is controlled using the microcontroller. The main

advantage of this system is that it reduced the complexity comparison to student

attendance system using RF technology. This system requires only one microcontroller

for the operation, it is real time process. This paper reviews some of these monitoring

systems and proposes a GPRS based student attendance system. The system can be

easily accessed by the lecturers via the web and most importantly, the reports can be

generated in real-time processing, thus, provides valuable information about the

students’ commitments in attending the classes.[ CITATION FAR15 \l 1033 ]

In today’s world, a paper based approach is followed for marking attendance,

where the students sign on the attendance sheets. This data is then manually entered

into the system. Managing the attendance of the students during lectures is a difficult

task and it becomes more difficult during the report generation phase. This is because

the process of marking attendance and maintaining the data is not fully automated and

manual computation produces errors and also wastes a lot of time. For this reason, the

development of Attendance Monitoring System (AMS) using android platform is

proposed.[ CITATION Aks15 \l 1033 ]

In this paper we propose a system that automates the whole process of taking

attendance and maintaining its records in an academic institute. Managing people is a

difficult task for most of the organizations, and maintaining the attendance record is an
important factor in people management. When considering academic institutes, taking

the attendance of students on daily basis and maintaining the records is a major task.

Manually taking the attendance and maintaining it for a long time adds to the difficulty of

this task as well as wastes a lot of time. For this reason an efficient system is designed.

This system takes attendance electronically with the help of a fingerprint sensor and all

the records are saved on a computer server. Fingerprint sensors and LCD screens are

placed at the entrance of each room. In order to mark the attendance, student has to

place his/her finger on the fingerprint sensor. On identification student’s attendance

record is updated in the database and he/she is notified through LCD screen. No need

of all the stationary material and special personal for keeping the records. Furthermore

an automated system replaces the manual system. [ CITATION TAB15 \l 1033 ]

This paper is a study of a fingerprint recognition system based on minutiae based

fingerprint algorithms used in various techniques. This line of track mainly involves

extraction of minutiae points from the model fingerprint images and fingerprint matching

based on the number of minutiae pairings among to fingerprints. This paper also

provides the design method of fingerprint based student attendance with help of GSM.

This system ignores the requirement for stationary materials and personnel for keeping

of records. The main objective of this project is to develop an embedded system, which

is used for security applications. The biometrics technology is rapidly progressing and

offers attractive opportunities. In recent years, biometric authentication has grown in

popularity as a means of personal identification in college administration systems. The

prominent biometric methods that may be used for authentication include fingerprint,

palmprint, and handprint, face recognition, speech recognition, dental and eye
biometrics. In this paper, a microcontroller based prototype of attendance system using

fingerprint sensor and face recognition module is implemented. The tracking module is

used here to identify the location of the missing person. [ CITATION JCh17 \l 1033 ]

The face is the identity of a person. The methods to exploit this physical feature

have seen a great change since the advent of image processing techniques. The

attendance is taken in every schools, colleges and library. Traditional approach for

attendance is professor calls student name & record attendance. It takes some time to

record attendance. Suppose duration of class of one subject is about 50 minutes & to

record attendance takes 5 to 10 minutes. For each lecture this is wastage of time. To

avoid these losses, we are about use automatic process which is based on image

processing. In this novel approach, we are using face detection & face recognition

system. This face detection differentiates faces from non-faces and is therefore

essential for accurate attendance. The other strategy involves face recognition for

marking the student’s attendance. The Raspberry pi module is used for face detection &

recognition. The camera will be connected to the Raspberry pi module. The student

database is collected. The database includes name of the students, there images & roll

number. This raspberry pi module will be installed at the front side of class in such a

way that we can capture entire class. Thus with the help of this system, time will be

saved. With the help of this system, it is so convenient to record attendance. We can

take attendance on any time.[ CITATION Aji17 \l 1033 ]

Bluetooth Smart is a wireless technology aimed at innovative applications in the

healthcare, fitness, beacons, security, and home entertainment industries. The

technology makes use of electronic tags to facilitate automatic wireless identification,

with a Bluetooth Smart enabled device. We are attempting to solve the problem of

attendance monitoring using a Bluetooth Smart based system in this paper. This

application of Bluetooth Smart to student attendance improves the time taken during

manual attendance and human errors and provides administrators the statistics of

attendance scores for use in further managerial decisions. [ CITATION Riy15 \l 1033 ]

As the use of smart devices is being activated in the education sector the

introduction of smart education using smart devices is coming into full swing. For

universities in 2012 the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology is establishing a

smart campus establishment plan and promoting it so that students can use electronic

devices including smart devices to learn anywhere and anytime. For it is the study

designed and implemented a convenient and practical attendance management system.

The suggested system automatically uses the Bluetooth 4.0 communication of the

students’ smart phones when the student enters the lecture hall of the course to check

the location of the Beacon and automatically acknowledges attendance if it is valid

location. It is characterized by the fact that there is no action to be taken on the part of

the student or professor for checking attendance. Also the system recognizes the

student and professor modes using the smart phones’ number and registers students

and professors. Thus it can be used more conveniently because there are no other

actions required.[ CITATION MiY15 \l 1033 ]

RFID

Backscatter modulation in radio frequency identification (RFID) tags will

potentially connect billions of tomorrow's devices to the Internet-of-Things. Current

passive RFID systems have power constraints that limit RFID tag communication to
short ranges, but these limitations can be overcome by employing reflection amplifiers.

In this paper, we show that negative differential resistance devices, such as tunnel

diodes, exhibit 27 dB more gain and 10 dB lower power consumption than state-of-the-

art reflection amplifiers. Two 5.8 GHz prototypes using off-the-shelf tunnel diodes show

reflection gains of 40 dB and 29 dB for a total biasing power consumption of 45  μ W and

39 μ W , respectively, at impinging RF power levels as low as -84 dBm. A 5.8 GHz RFID

link of 23 m was achieved when transmitting only -14 dBm of effective isotropic radiated

power from a transceiver with a sensitivity of -90 dBm. [ CITATION Fra18 \l 1033 ]

In this paper, multi-port UHF RFID tag-based sensor for wireless identification

and sensing applications is presented. Two RFID chips, one with attached sensor and

the other without, are incorporated in a single tag antenna with two excitation ports. The

chip with the integrated sensor (sensor port) transmits a signal impacted by the sensed

temperature or humidity, while the other RFID chip serves as the reference signal

(reference port) transmitter in the sensing process. The proposed tag-based sensor is

fabricated and experimentally evaluated. The measured results demonstrate that the

sensed data can be extracted using a commercial RFID reader by recording and

comparing the difference in the reader output power required to power up the reference

port and the power required to power the sensor ports. To improve the reading range of

the proposed sensor, a dual-port solar powered RFID sensor is also presented. The

reading range of the sensor is increased by two times compared to a similar prototype

without solar energy harvesting. The experimental evaluation demonstrates that the

proposed tag-based sensor can be easily integrated with a resistive humidity or

temperature sensor for a low-cost solution to detect the heat or humidity exposure of
sensitive items for several applications such as supply chains and construction

structures.[ CITATION Abd17 \l 1033 ]

Conventional techniques in chipless radio frequency identification (RFID)

systems are incapable of fully overcoming the key challenges of modern identification

applications, including high data capacity, low tag cost, and reliable operation. The idea

of electromagnetic imaging in chipless RFID systems is a promising technique that

shows many advantages over other conventional approaches. This paper reviews

conventional chipless RFID technology and provides a comprehensive analysis of

advanced millimeter wave spatial-based (also known as image-based) chipless RFID

systems with an optimized multipleinput multiple-output-synthetic aperture radar

technique for high-resolution image acquisition and a quick reading process. [ CITATION

Don19 \l 1033 ]

Existing analog-signal side-channels, such as EM emanations, are a

consequence of current-flow changes that are dependent on activity inside electronic

circuits. In this paper, we introduce a new class of side-channels that is a consequence

of impedance changes in switching circuits, and we refer to it as an impedance-based

side-channel. One example of such a side-channel is when digital logic activity causes

incoming EM signals to be modulated as they are reflected (backscattered), at

frequencies that depend on both the incoming EM signal and the circuit activity. This

can cause EM interference or leakage of sensitive information, but it can also be

leveraged for radiofrequency identification (RFID) tag design. In this paper, we first

introduce a new class of side-channels that is a consequence of impedance differences

in switching circuits, and we refer to it as an impedance-based side-channel. Then, we

demonstrate that the impedance difference between transistor gates in the high-state

and in the low-state changes the radar cross section and modulates the backscattered

signal. Furthermore, we have investigated the possibility of implementing the proposed

RFID on ASIC for signal enhancement. Finally, we propose a digital circuit that can be

used as a semi-passive RFID tag. To illustrate the adaptability of the proposed RFID,

we have designed a variety of RFID applications across carrier frequencies at 5.8 GHz,

17.46 GHz, and 26.5 GHz to demonstrate the flexible carrier frequency selection and bit

configuration.[ CITATION Chi19 \l 1033 ]

Movement toward mm-wave backscatter communications in radio-frequency

identification (RFID) systems necessitates seeking designs that compensate for the

path loss introduced by the radio channel. A viable, simple, and power-efficient solution

is to equip RFID tags with retrodirective arrays, which guarantee reflection with maximal

gain in the direction of incidence. In this paper, we build upon a previous work to design

and implement an original retrodirective tag in which its feeding network is a properly

terminated rat-race coupler. We start by deriving the required terminations that ensure

retro-directivity. Then, we build a retrodirective tag and experimentally compare its radar

cross section to that of a single-antenna tag. The measurements reveal that the radar

cross section of the proposed retrodirective tag is, on average, approximately 6 dB

more than that of a single-antenna tag while both tags have the same field-of-view.

From the promising results in this paper, the proposed design is a potential candidate

for next-generation microwave and mm-wave RFID tags because it is compatible with

low-power reflection amplifiers (e.g., tunnel diodes), it can implement multiple

modulation schemes without changing the circuit layout, and it can be implemented

using only a single RF switch.[ CITATION Moh19 \l 1033 ]

This paper presents measurement results of a recently introduced time of flight

(ToF) ranging method for backscattering radio frequency identification (RFID) tags. The

measurements are done with off-the-shelf EPC Class1 Gen2 tags, an automated tag

positioner, a modified software defined radio (SDR) platform as RFID reader, and a PC

post-processing the ranging results. The structure of the multiple-input multiple-output

(MIMO) enabled testbed is shown. A custom FPGA implementation was made to have

access to the full potential of the used SDR platform. Furthermore, the synchronization

of multiple SDRs to enable MIMO operation is discussed. The ranging error and its

variance are measured and discussed for a monostatic ranging enabled RFID reader,

using two USRPs. The results are compared to a bistatic setup which uses one USRP

only. The underlying ranging principle is successfully verified, and its practical

performance limitations, resulting from multipath propagation, are shown. [ CITATION

Flo17 \l 1033 ]

Retailers are often interested in low cost mechanisms to maintain stocks as well

as for tracing products across the supply chain in an efficient and effective manner. In

addition, shoplifting is another concern faced because of the lack of effectiveness in

product tracing technique such as “barcode” used in retail super markets. “AmazonGo”

a smart retail layout which was introduced by Amazon, to address above issues was

found to be inefficient due to the over dependency of system based on historical

purchased patterns of consumers. In this paper, we propose a low-cost, robust, passive

UHF RFID based shopping trolley system which allows tracing and processing shopping
data in real time. The UHF antenna mounted shopping trolleys are defined “Smart

Trolleys” while shopping items are tagged using UHF RFID tags with unique

identification codes.[ CITATION Tha18 \l 1033 ]

Radio frequency identification (RFID) is the driving technology behind many

compelling applications, such as internet-of-things (IoT), smart cities, and inventory

tracking. However, it is always challenging to make a small, low-cost transceiver with

little power consumption. This paper presents the design and characterization of a low-

power, compact frequency hopping RFID reader that has great potential for use in

space-based sensing applications including structural health monitoring, tracking

inventory, and sensitive field measurements. This RFID reader will be launched into

low-earth orbit aboard the Radio Frequency Tag Satellite (RFTSat), a nanosatellite

developed at Northwest Nazarene University, and serves as a demonstration of

backscatter communications in space. This reader is capable of operating in the 5725-

5850 MHz frequency ISM band with up to 31 dBm equivalent isotropically radiated

power (EIRP) and -58 dBm to -82 dBm sensitivity in different conditions. [ CITATION

Che19 \l 1033 ]

Local Studies and Literature

The study aimed to develop a fully customized Biometric Attendance Monitoring

System (BAMS) of Cagayan State University – Lasam Campus, Philippines (CSU -

Lasam) using biometric fingerprint reader to facilitate the monitoring of employees’

attendance. This study followed the framework of Design Science Research for

Information Systems, thus, the researcher identified the problems and issues

encountered in the monitoring of attendance, defined the objectives of the study,

designed and developed the system, deployed and tested, and presented the result of

the study. A combination of Visual Basic 6.0 as the programming language and MS

Access as the Database Management Systems were used in the development of the

[Link], the overall functionality of the BAMS enables the users to enter data,

change and manipulate the data, get information, and store the data and the

information. Username and password is no longer needed since all transactions use

unique fingerprint to validate users. Furthermore, the BAMS greatly contributes in giving

employees’ ease and improving work values. Likewise, the BAMS is essential in

achieving good governance because it helps track day-to-day attendance of the

employees.[ CITATION Jak18 \l 13321 ]

This study aimed to develop a device that will monitor the attendance of students

and faculty. The device, comprising of a radio frequency identification card reader and

tags, monitoring system, global system for mobile communication, wireless

communication and microcontrollers, will serve as a monitoring system that will help the

Dean in keeping track of the punctuality of 5th year engineering students and their

advisers. This design project employed experimental development method. The

efficiency of the system’s individual features and its overall performance were assessed

through a descriptive approach using questionnaires. The device was tested for 10 days

and was evaluated by 21 respondents, who were comprised of six faculty members, five

guidance counsellors, five parents/guardians, and five ECE students. Every observation

during the testing of the device was recorded. [ CITATION She15 \l 13321 ]

This study was developed to create an electronic attendance and logging system

using Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and Short Messaging Service (SMS) with a
Web-based management system portal that allows user to access real time data to

ensure campus security and smart information management. The students will use

RFID card system to check in and out of the main entrance, to both track attendance

and log time and prevent unauthorized entrance therefore utilize the RFID technology.

The LPU-LAGUNA SEALS system developed in this study has six main functions: (1) to

use the student RFID chip in the ID’s as gate pass, (2) to send daily SMS to parents

about the student entry and exit time record, (3) to efficiently manage and monitor

student attendance and logs thru intranet and internet, (4) to integrate Web-based

system portal to access real time logs and attendance, (5) to provide printed reports and

electronic files of attendance and logs, and (6) and implement the system in Lyceum of

the Philippines – Laguna. This program was designed and developed using various

programming languages and technologies such as Visual Basic 2010 ([Link]),

Hypertext Mark-up Language 5 (HTML5), Cascading Style Sheet 3 (CSS3), Hypertext

Pre-processor (PHP) scripting language, JQuery, MySQL database engine, RFID and

GSM (Global System for Mobile) module. This system is implemented at the main gate

of LPU-Laguna using client-server technology which comprises the reader, the tag, the

GSM module, a client PC and a database server. The researcher applied Rapid

Application Development (RAD) method as the system framework model that focuses

on the system development utilizing prototypes thereby flexibly adjusting requirements

as the need arises. The system was successfully implemented by utilizing the use of

both RFID and SMS technology in the process which resulted in an efficient monitoring

and managing of attendance and logs of the students that provides campus security

and efficient information management. [ CITATION Isa15 \l 13321 ]

 Biometric technology as a means of identifying and verifying an individual’s

characteristic is widely used in many aspects of peoples’ lives nowadays. In this regard,

Local Government Unit (LGU) uses this technology to provide a more comprehensive

system in monitoring employee attendance and how it may affect their performance.

The study assesses the impact of the use about the Biometric Attendance Recording

System (BARS) on the work performance of Local Government Unit (LGU) employees

based on their Individual Performance Commitment Review (IPCR) rating and the

respondents’ self-assessment and perception. Noticeably, the majority of the

respondents perceived that the use of BARS had a positive impact on work

performance. Results also demonstrated a significant increase in respondents’ level of

performance.[ CITATION Gla18 \l 13321 ]

This research involves an android application in attendance management

system. The study sought to provide an alternative solution to the increasing demand

for time management in the College of Engineering and Computing Sciences in

Batangas State University ARASOF. Through the said Android application the

attendance checking will be much easier, for it will reduce the roll call that takes a lot of

time. It was developed to help the lecturers have sufficient time for teaching and the

students for learning. The researchers used research design, development process,

and programming procedures in their study. The “Attendroid”, was designed and

develop using Eclipse, Java Script, Php and HTML. This application is for android

phones and tablet which has portable hotspot. The android application for the students

will run on 2.2versions of android and higher. The android application has gone through

an evaluation to test whether the system is acceptable in terms of security, accuracy,

reliability, maintainability and user-friendliness against the manual checking of

attendance. The result shows that the respondents are more favorable in the Attendroid

because it can be gleaned that they gave an excellent feedback to the application

compared to the manual process of attendance checking. After thorough study of the

old ways of attendance checking against the newly developed application, a necessity

to improve the manual checking was observed, and therefore, strengthen the

advantages of implementing Attendroid. Based on the result of the proposed users’

acceptability, Attendroid could become the formal attendance checking system of the

College of Engineering and Computing Sciences. [ CITATION Lor15 \l 13321 ]

The study aimed to develop a computer program that monitored the library users

by means of capturing their attendance through radio frequency identification (RFID). A

Radio Frequency (RF) reader, RF tag, web camera and computer were utilized to

develop and perform the system’s operation. The researcher used developmental

method to fulfill its objectives. The system was able to capture the attendance of the

library users with the aid of their identification card. The system is acceptable based on

the test and evaluation made by the students during system implementation in the

library. Several recommendations in connection with the tapping of identification card,

the full utilization of capturing device, database update, client-server application,

interface design and display of unreturned books. [ CITATION Rho15 \l 13321 ]

RFID

Saint Louis University (SLU), a private Catholic university in Baguio, the

Philippines, has deployed an extensive radio frequency identification solution that

encompasses student and employee access, asset tracking and library management,
all on a single platform. The solution was provided by Image Innovations Services (IIS),

using Portable Technology Solutions (PTS)'s ClearStream RFID middleware. The

deployment started in the library, but the technology is now tracking individuals' ID

badges, as well as asset tags at all campus and parking-lot entrances.

SLU, located approximately 250 kilometers (155 miles) north of Manila, has a

student population of about 30,000. That includes not only college-level students, but

also those in high school and elementary school. The university requires students and

personnel to use ID badges to enter its campus, regardless of their schooling level. With

the large flow of people entering and leaving campus all day, queues sometimes formed

as individuals waited to tap their high-frequency (HF) RFID cards against a reader to be

authorized to enter.[ CITATION Cla18 \l 13321 ]

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology could make the

implementation of Department of Science and Technology (DOST)'s umbrella program

Smarter Philippines more efficient and reliable, so said DOST's Information and

Communications Technology Office (ICTO) Executive Director Louis Napoleon

Casambre, in his opening remarks at the 2013 RFID Technology Awareness Workshop

held at the ICTO-National Computer Center Building, Diliman, Quezon City.

To those a little late in technology information, RFID refers to any electronic

device that uses radio waves to speed up the transmission of communication data for

the purpose of identifying and sometimes locating and or sensing the conditions of

objects, whether animate and inanimate.

The RFID is most commonly used nowadays in coffee and tea shops to tag

customers as they wait for their orders to be prepared and handed to them.  It is a small
device, like a mini-saucer with small lights dotting its surface. Through the use of

electronic codes, sensors, and other accessories, the RFID blinks when the customer's

orders are ready for pick up at the counter.

The RFID is also used by motorists to indicate their location in an area.  

"We believe that the RFID technology can complement the DOST's Smarter

Philippines program, the essence of which is the effective generation, gathering, and

analysis of data to enable timely and effective decision making and planning,"

Casambre said. "This leads to overall socio-

economic development."

RFIDs are important gadgets in the Program NOAH or Nationwide Operation on

Assessment of Hazards that uses DOST developed monitoring sensors such as

Automated Rain Gauges and Automated Weather Stations. These facilities transmit

real-time data on the amount of rainfall, temperature, pressure, humidity and wind

speed, direction, and velocity. RFIDs are also important in NOAH's DREAM project that

uses Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), an equipment designed to survey the entire

topography of the Philippines at very high resolution.[ CITATION All15 \l 13321 ]

Good news to all motorists traveling south of Metro Manila. The Southern

Tagalog Arterial Road (STAR)Tollway‘s RFID system is now fully-operational starting

this October.

Now, passengers have the option to use the regular cash lanes available at the

tollway, or they can also use the Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) tag that can be

used in all 42-kilometer toll roads from Santo Tomas, Batangas to Batangas City.

 Star Tollway Corp., the operator of the Star Tollway, hopes this will reduce

waiting and transaction time at toll plazas not just on regular days but also holidays.

“We encourage motorists to utilize the Autosweep RFID access as mode to pay

their toll fees. This is one of the plans that we are implementing in order to lessen

hassle and ensure faster travel. We are more optimistic that with the inclusion of the

Star Tollway into San Miguel Infrastructure’s Autosweep RFID system, we will be able

to handle vehicle volumes at a faster rate,” Star Tollway said.[ CITATION Che18 \l

13321 ]

Employee attendance monitoring system is important in an organization. It

involves observation of behaviors, time keeping and site security. It is important to have

such a system that will be used in this kind of operation. This special project is focused

on employee attendance monitoring system using RFID. An additional method of

attendance monitoring is for the existing biometrics at Laguna State Polytechnic

University. The project was designed using RFID reader for the scanning of RFID tags,

RS 232 to TTL converter to convert the data coming from the reader. A visual basic

programming software was used for the program and Microsoft Access for the

database. All the readers were connected by a local area network. The existing

biometrics scanner was linked into the same database of RFID. Once an employee

enters the campus their time in/out will be saved to a common database. Functionality

was tested and the test results showed that 100 % of the RFID tags were detected and

the maximum distance was 3 inches. The results shows that the system is reliable in

terms of its functionality and the sensor reading is accurate. For further studies I would
suggest that, aside from the Radio Frequency Identification tags future researchers can

use ZigBee technology as its transmitter and receiver in replacement of the Radio

Frequency Identification System.[ CITATION Man15 \l 13321 ]

Conceptual Framework

The motivations behind Conceptual Framework is to clarify concepts and

propose relationships among the concepts in a study, to provide a context for

interpreting the study finding, to explain observations and to encourage theory

development that is useful for practice.

 INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Knowledge SDLC Attendance

Requirement:
Students Info.
Monitoring
Planning
Parents Info Analysis System for
Student In and Out Design Christian College
Student Schedule Implementation of Tanauan using
Teachers Info Maintenance
Hardware RFID
Reqiurement:
Desktop PC
Printer
RFID Scanner
FEEDBACK
Software
Requirement:
PHP
MYSQL
XAMPP

Figure 1. Input Process Output (IPO) Diagram

Figure 1 shows the IPO diagram of the study. The knowledge

requirements are Students Info, Parents Info, Student In and Out, Students Schedule

and Teachers Info. The hardware requirements are Desktop PC, Printer and RFID

Scanner. The software requirements are PHP, MYSQL and XAMPP. For the process

the proponents will use the standard SDLC which have 5 phases namely Planning,

Analysis, Design, Implementation and Maintenance and for the output will be the

system itself which is Attendance Monitoring System for Christian College of Tanauan

using RFID.

Operational Definition of Terms

 In order to facilitate an understanding and clarify terminologies used in this

research, the following have been defined:

Attendance – the one that the system will be monitoring.

Attendance Report – the reports that the system can generate

Database – where the data will be stored.

MYSQL – will be used as the database of the system.

RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) - Will use by the proponents in uniquely

identifying students.

RFID Scanner – The device use in identifying an RFID tag.

RFID Tag – An electronic tag that exchanges data with a RFID reader through radio

waves.

PHP – will be used as the main platform in developing the system.

Printer – device use in printing all reports.

XAMPP – will be use as the main server in developing the system.

Chapter 3

Operational Framework

Methods of the Study

The purpose of this chapter is to discuss inquiries of the system design and

methods use in the study as well as the different tools and equipment that will be used
in developing the system. The proponents will use different tools to gathered information

for development of the system research. Record gatherings will help the proponents

begin the research about the said system. This study is considered as qualitative

research because the proposed system is intended to improve the current process of

storing different data’s of different supplies. The needed data for the development of the

software were being collected through interviews done to the respondent.

Research Methodology

The proponents follow the standard system development life cycle which have

different phases to be precise: Planning, Analysis, Design, Implementation and

Maintenance. Each phase will help the proponents in the success of the development of

the system. The proponents will gather different information and develop the system

based on the procedures of standard SDLC.

Analysis Design

Planning Implementation
 Figure 2. System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)

Figure 2 shows the diagram of the standard system development life cycle

(SDLC). SDLCL has five phases which are the following: Planning, Analysis, Design,

Implementation and Maintenance.

Planning

During data gathering, the proponents observe daily routine of the students

entering the campus of Christian College of Tanauan. The proponents also interview

some persons involve in the monitoring of students attendance such as: security guard,

guidance staff and some teachers. During the observation and interview proponents

discover that the students can enter the campus if they wear their respective ID’s. And

the proponents also discover one big problem which is that some students left their ID’s

at home which resulted for them to not to enter to the campus and the guards will

advise them to go home and some students slipping to enter the campus with wearing

their school ID. Another problem observed by the proponents is that some students can

go out even that the time is not the end of their respective classes.

Analysis
 Based on problems encountered, the proponents came up with the following

system requirements; Admin Module, Students Module, Teachers Module and Guard

Module for Attendance Monitoring System for Christian College of Tanauan using RFID.

The admin module will be used by SARDO. The student’s module is intended for

enrolled students of Christian College of Tanauan. The teacher’s module is intended for

teachers and the guard module in intended for the guards on duty.

Design

In this phase the requirements identified by the proponents will be transformed

into a system designed document that accurately describes the design of the system

and can be used as an input to system development. In order to create the Attendance

Monitoring System for Christian College of Tanauan using RFID the proponents 4

modules namely Admin, Students, Teachers and Guard module. In the admin module

the admin can manage the attendance monitoring and can generate reports. In the

student’s module the students will have to register in order for them to use their RFID

card in entering the school premises. In the teacher’s module the teacher can only view

the attendance of their respective students. And in the guard module the guard can view

and check the in and out of the students.

Implementation

The proponents will install the system in the server of the school. The server will

fetch the data in the installed system of the computer of the SARDO and guard’s lobby.

On the guard’s lobby the RFID Scanner will be placed in order for the students to tap
their RFID card when entering the school premises. If the data displayed on the monitor

of the guard matches the data of the RFID card bearer the bearer will be permitted to

enter the premises, and if the data didn’t match with the card bearer the bearer will be

directly reporting to the SARDO.

Maintenance

The application will be tested during the operation. The target users will be

trained on how to use the system. Eventually, corrective and adaptive maintenance will

be done if the admin will encounter innovation, new technology and bigger demands.

Design of the Study

START

Enter Campus Gate

Y
Does
Student
Have ID? Enter school

Proceed to SARDO
END

Figure 3. Flowchart of Existing System

Figure 3 shows the flowchart of the existing system. The students will enter the

campus gate and have to show their respective ID’s to the security guard. If the
students have their ID they can now enter the campus but if the students didn’t show or

left their ID at home they will reporting directly to SARDO.

RFID Reader Database

Student Generate Reports

System
Teacher

Guard

Figure 4. System Architecture

Figure 4 shows the system architecture of the system. The students tap their

RFID ID card to the RFID reader. The RFID tag sends the data to the RFID reader. The

attendances monitoring system will checks and compare the records to the database. If

the records will match the system will show the guard the student’s information and

image. The teachers can view the attendance of the students through the system. The

system can also generate reports on the attendance of the students.

RFID tag send Attendance

START Tap RFID data to the system checks
RFID reader and compares
records to the
database
 Report to
SARDO

END

Figure 5. Flowchart of the Proposed System

Figure 5 shows the flowchart of the proposed system. The student will tap their

RFID card to the RFID reader. Upon tapping RFID tag send data to the RFID reader.

The system will check and compare the records to the database. If the record matched

the image and information of the students will displayed and save and the student can

enter the campus. If the record didn’t matched the attendance is not taken and the

student will have to report to SARDO.

ADMIN
 Figure 6. Use Case for Admin Module

Figure 6 shows the use case for Admin Module. The admin can manage the

attendance and can generate reports.

STUDENT

Figure 7. Use Case for Students Module

Figure 7 shows the use case for student’s module. The students will have to

register in order for their attendance to be monitored. After registering the only thing

they can do is to view their attendance monitoring.

TEACHER
 Figure 8. Use Case for Teacher’s Module

Figure 8 shows the use case for teacher’s module. The teacher can

only view the attendance of their students. If they want a printed report they need to ask

for it to the admin.

View Students
Schedule
GUARD

Figure 9. Use Case for Guard Module

Figure 9 shows the use case for guard’s module. The security guard

can only view the displayed image and information of students and they can only check

the in and outs of the students. The security guard can also view the students schedule

to know if the students are already finish with their scheduled class.

Test Plan testing and training must be in place before construction can begin.

Construction delivers code to the system level testing process . 

 Figure 10. Software Test Plan

Test Specification

On this specific test phase the proponents specifies the purpose of the specific

test, identifies the required inputs and expected results. Proponents provide step-by-

step procedures for executing the test and outline the pass / fail criteria for determining

acceptance.

Test specification has to be done separately for each unit. Based on the

approach specified in the test plan, the feature to be tested on each unit must be

determined. The overall approach stated in the plan is refined into specific test

techniques that should be followed and into the criteria to be used for evaluation.

Unit Testing

On this specific test phase the proponents manually test all testable parts of the

system individually and independently scrutinized for proper operation. Proponents will

test if all the items in the documents are met in the system. Proponents will test if all the

functions are running smoothly and according to what is has be done. Proponents will

test each module to know if the module is doing what is required and indicated in the

documents.

Integration Testing
 The proponents will test and integrate RFID scanner with the system. It will be

tested if the system will run according to what is has to be done when using RFID

scanner. The proponents will also integrate printer in the system proponents will check if

the printer is printing the right documents.

System Testing

System testing is the first level in which the complete application is tested as a

whole. The goal at this level is to evaluate whether the system has complied with all of

the outlined requirements and to see that it meets Quality Standards. Proponents will

test the system if it is performing the task as designed. The proponents will test if the

admin can manage the attendance monitoring of the students, admin will also check if

the system can generate attendance monitoring reports. The proponents will test if the

student can register into the system and can use their RFID card in entering the school

premises. The proponents will also check if the teachers can view attendance of their

respective students and lastly the proponents will test if the guard can check the in and

out of the students and can view the class schedule of the students.

Acceptance Testing

The final level, Acceptance testing (or User Acceptance Testing), is conducted

to determine whether the system is ready for release. During the Software development

life cycle, requirements changes can sometimes be misinterpreted in a fashion that

does not meet the intended needs of the users. During this final phase, the user will test

the system to find out whether the application meets their business’ needs. Once this
process has been completed and the software has passed, the program will then be

delivered to production.

Test Code

In test code, each module will be tested according to their functions. A test matrix

will be used to evaluate the result of each module.

Below are the unit test plans for each module.

Table 1. Test case for Admin Module

Test Case #: 1        
Test Priority
High        
(Low/Medium/High):
Module Name: Admin        
Test Title: Test Admin Module      
Description: Validation in the inputs and outputs    
Validated
Pre-condition: inputs        
Dependencies:          
Expected Status
Step # Test Steps Test Data Actual Result Notes
Result (Pass/Fail)
Can
manipulate
Manage Student’s
1 the
attendance attendance
attendance
data
Can
Generate
2 Attendance generate
reports
reports

Table 1 shows the test case for admin module. Admin can manage the

attendance of the students and they can also generate reports on the attendance

monitoring of the students.

Table 2. Test case for Student’s Module

 Test Case #: 2        
Test Priority
High        
(Low/Medium/High):
Module Name: Student        
Test Title: Test Student’s Module      
Description: Validation in the inputs and outputs    
Validated
Pre-condition: inputs        
Dependencies:          
Expected Status
Step # Test Steps Test Data Actual Result Notes
Result (Pass/Fail)
Username,
1 Register Can register
password
Can view
View
2 Attendance their
attendance
attendance

Figure 2 shows the test case for student’s module. The students will register in

order to be in the system and can view their respective attendance monitoring.

Table 3. Test case for Teacher’s Module

Test Case #: 3        
Test Priority
High        
(Low/Medium/High):
Module Name: Teacher        
Test Title: Test Teacher’s Module      
Description: Validation in the outputs    
Validated
Pre-condition: inputs        
Dependencies:          
Expected Status
Step # Test Steps Test Data Actual Result Notes
Result (Pass/Fail)
Can
attendance
View
1 attendance monitoring
attendance
of their
students

Table 3 shows the test case for teacher’s module. The teacher can only view

their students’ attendance.

 Table 4. Test case for Guard’s Module

Test Case #: 4        
Test Priority
High        
(Low/Medium/High):
Module Name: Guard        
Test Title: Test Guard’s Module      
Description: Validation in the inputs and outputs    
Validated
Pre-condition: inputs        
Dependencies:          
Expected Status
Step # Test Steps Test Data Actual Result Notes
Result (Pass/Fail)
Username,
1 Register Can register
password

Operating Procedure
 Operating procedures show the flow of the Admin, Students, Teachers, and Guard

module. It will show how the system will operate thru the use of flowcharts.

Table 5. Admin Module Operating Procedure

Admin Module Flow Chart Activity

- Admin will login

- He choose if manage

attendance or generate reports

- If manage attendance he can

view the attendance and

managed it

- If generate reports he can print

reports

Table 5 shows the operating procedure for the admin module.

Table 6. Student’s Module Operating Procedure

Students Module Flow Chart Activity

 - Student will login

- System will check if already

register

- If registered student can view

their attendance monitoring

- If not registered students need

to register

Table 6 shows the operating procedure for the student’s module.

Table 7. Teacher’s Module Operating Procedure

Teacher Module Flow Chart Activity

 - Teacher can view only the

attendance of the students

Table 7 shows the operating procedure for the teacher’s module.

Table 8. Guard’s Module Operating Procedure

Guard Module Flow Chart Activity

- Guard can view only the

attendance of the students

Table 8 shows the operating procedure for the guard’s module.

Evaluation plan
 ISO 9126 is an international standard for the evaluation of software. The

standard is divided into four parts which addresses, respectively, the following subjects:

quality model; external metrics; internal metrics; and quality in use metrics.

The ISO 9126-1 software quality model identifies 6 main quality characteristics.

Reliability

Once a software system is functioning, as specified, and delivered the reliability

characteristic defines the capability of the system to maintain its service provision under

defined conditions for defined periods of time. One aspect of this characteristic is fault

tolerance that is the ability of a system to withstand component failure. For example if

the network goes down for 20 seconds then comes back the system should be able to

recover and continue functioning.

Usability

Usability only exists with regard to functionality and refers to the ease of use for a

given function. The ability to learn how to use a system (learnability) is also a major sub

characteristic of usability.

Efficiency

This characteristic is concerned with the system resources used when providing

the required functionality. The amount of disk space, memory, network etc. provides a

good indication of this characteristic. As with a number of these characteristics, there

are overlaps

Maintainability
 The ability to identify and fix a fault within a software component is what the

maintainability characteristic addresses. Maintainability is impacted by code readability

or complexity as well as modularization. Anything that helps with identifying the cause of

a fault and then fixing the fault is the concern of maintainability. Also the ability to verify

(or test) a system, i.e. testability, is one of the sub characteristics of maintainability.

Portability

This characteristic refers to how well the software can adopt to changes in its

environment or with its requirements. The sub characteristics of this characteristic

include adaptability. Object oriented design and implementation practices can contribute

to the extent to which this characteristic is present in a given system.

Each of five responses would have a numerical value which would be used to

measure the characteristics of the system.

Table 9. Lickert scale

Rating Equivalent
5 Strongly Agree
4 Agree
3 Neither
2 Disagree
1 Strongly Disagree

Table 9 shows the lickert scale to be used in evaluating the system. It has 5
ratings namely 5 – Strongly Agree, 4- Agree, 3 Neither, 2 – Disagree, 1- Strongly
Disagree.
 Table 10. Software Evaluation Form

Ratings
Indicators
Criteria 5 4 3 2 1
Functionality The application performs the tasks required.
The application shows the result as
expected.
The application interacts with another
system.
The application prevents unauthorized
access.
Reliability Most of the faults in the application been
eliminated over time.
The application capable of handling errors.
The application resumes working and
restores lost data after failure.
Usability The user comprehends the use of the
system easily.
The user learns to use the system easily.
The user uses the system without much
effort.
The interface looks good.
Efficiency The system responds quickly.
The system efficiently utilizes resources.
Maintainability Faults are easily diagnosed.
The application can be easily modified.
The application continues functioning if
changes are made.
The application is tested easily.
 The Attendance Monitoring System for Christian College of Tanauan using RFID

is evaluated using ISO 9126 which is the most important standard for quality assurance.

This standard presents some set of quality attributes for any software such as

Functionality, Reliability, Usability, Efficiency, and Maintainability.