CHAPTER

@f Anoun is a word that names something. Anoun canbe a persorL a place, a thing (a shirt, a car), or an idea
(beauty,honesty).

Nouns can be singular or plural. A singular noun is used for one person or thing. Usually, the words a
or &n come before a singular noun. Use the word a before a noun that begins with a consonant or a
consonant sound:

Exlraprrs: a dog, a house, a jacket, a universify (begins with a consonant sound,l

Use an before a noun that begins with a vowel (a, e, i, o, u) or a vowel sound:

Exauprns: an apple, an umbrella, anhout @egins with a vowel sound)

@f A plural noun is used for more than one person or thing. Do not use the words 6 or qn before a plural noun.
Usually, a plural noun ends in the letter -s. See the spelling rules for plural nouns below.

@f The word the can be used with both singular and plural nouns. The word the is used when a person is
talking about something specific or when the speakerand listener are talking about the samething:

Exevprrs: a book (not a specificbook), thebook (a specificbook), thebooks (specificbooks)

The words &, flnt or the arenot usually used with proper nouns. A proper noun is the name of someoneor
something and begins with a capital letter:

Ex,[Link]: Canada, Ted, Monday

hr some special cases,the word the is used with a proper noun:

Exeprptrs: TheUnltedStates, TheEuropeanUnion

Rule r: To changemost nouns from singular to plural, add -s:

hat - hats book -books vase - vases
Rule z: If the noun ends with -_t -_L=2, -Jb -ch, add-es:
bus - buses box - boxes warch - watcheE
Rule 3: If the noun ends with a consonant + -3,r,change the a to -l and add -es:

Rule 4: Some nouns have irregular endings and must be memorized. Below are some examples:
child - children person - people man - men woman - women
fish - fish knife - knives tooth - teeth foot - feet

Bunorxc Brocrs oF ENGLTsH

CHAPTER BasicPoints;The "Be" Verb

SubjeetFrmnCIusrs
@f Pronouns can be used in place of nouns. A subject pronoun is used in place of the subject,which is before
the verb.

Subject Pronouns

I
You
He (male)
She (female)
It
We
They

The subject pronoun you canbe singular or plural:

Exauptns: You are my student. (Singular)

You aremv students. (Plural)

@l Possessivenouns show that the noun belongs to someoneor something.A possessivesingular noun uses
an apostrophe 0 + -s. A possessiveplural noun has the apostropheafter the -s. If the plural noun does not
end in -s, use an apostrophe+ -s.

Srxcuren NouN Snrcuren Nourl Prun^[Link]

Exauprns: Ted - Ted's my sister - my sister's my sisters- my sisters'
Mary - Mary's my friend - my friend's my friends - my friends'
Canada- Canada's my child - my child's mv children - mv children's

@l Possessiveadjectives are used before a noun. Possessivepronouns are used without a noun, the thing
that the personpossesses is alreadyknown. The possessiveadjectiveyour and the possessivepronoun
yours [Link] singular or plural.

Subject PossessiveAdjectives (+ Noun) PossessivePronouns

I my food mlne
You your food yours
He his food his
She her food hers
It its food
We our food ours
They their food theirs

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 CHAPTER BasicPoints;The'oBe" Verb

@f Demonstrative pronouns are the words this, that, these,those.

This is used with singular nouns and is near the speaker.
That is used with singular nouns and is not near the speaker.
Theseis used with plural nouns and is near the speaker.
Thoseis used with plural nouns and is not near the speaker.

[Link]*n tCIthe {6m€?'

&/ Th" "be" verb is a group of words (am, is, are,u)as,u)ere,been,be)that is used in a few situations. In one
situatiory the "be" verb can be followed by a noun. The correct form of the "be" verb must follow the
[Link] this pattern to make positive sentenceswith the "be" verb and a noun:

ttBett Verb
Subject Noun (Singular or Plural)
I am Ted.
He, She, It, This, That is my friend.
You, We, They, EITE students.
These,Those books.

e/A yes/no question is a question with a "yes" or'ho" [Link] make a yes/no question with the "be" verb,
put the "be" verb firs! then the [Link] this pattern to make yes/no questions with the "be" verb
and a noun:

ttBett Noun (Singular or Plural)

Verb Subject
Am I your friend?
a student?
Is hd, she, it, this, that
Pat?
Are you, we, they, teachers?
these, those your pencils?

@/ Contractions are two words that are put together with an apostropheto replacethe missing letters.
Contractions are used very often. More contractions will be introduced throughout this book. Here are
some common contractions:

CoxrnecrroNs: I + am:l'm; she+is:she's; he+is=he's;

it+is:it's; you + u1s: you're; we + are: we're;
they+are:they're; that+is:that's; what + is: what's

BunuNc Brocxs oF ENGLTSH

CHAPTER ' Basic Points; The o'Be"Yerb

ffiasieffmmversatimxr
Practicethe conversationwith your partner. Then practice it with other people in your [Link] should
also know thesesentences:'Plessesay that again," and'?Ieasespeakslowly."

A. How are you?

B. Fine (or) Good (or) OK.
A. What's your name?
B. My name is
A. Where do you live?

A. What country are you from?

B. I'm from
A. What time is it?
B. It',s
A. I have to go. Bye.
B. Seeyou later .

Use the clocksbelow and practice telling the time with your partner.

EA. What time is it? EA. What time is it? EA. What time is it?
B. It's 4:25(or) 25 after4. B. It's 10:50(or) 10 to 11. B. It's 12:30(or) FatI-ESTfZ:_
4:25 10:50 12:3O

1:20 6:45 9:30 3:40

E

& Quarter
I It'' 8J0 I

tr
lWh"t ti-" tr ttrl

Draw ten clocks showing ten different times.

Your partner asksyou the time and draws it
tr
after you tell him/her. Check to seeif your
clocks have the sametime. Switch and repeat.

Bunonc Brocxs oF ENGLTsH

 Use the pictures below and practice the conversationswith your partner. Switch and repeat.

Ile. what is this? Ee. Wtlut is that? ER. whut are these? Ea. whut are those?
B. It's a lamp. B. It's a clock. B. They're pillows. B. They're flowers,

lamp clock pillows flowers

magazrnes calender desk bowls

.R
'-g

pans T-shirts telephone cups

computer flashlights hammer wallet

6
ffi 6:.8

Garne

One student (or team) writes a noun/

and the next student (or team) must
use the last letter of that noun as the
first letter of a new noun. Continue
until the student (or team) cannot
think of a noun.

Bunonc Brocrs oF ENGLISH

CHAPTER Basic Points; The "Be" Verb

Point to a person or people on the picture of Ted's famity tree below and practice the conversations
with your partner. Switc-h and repeat.

A. Who is she? A. Who is he? A. Who are they?

B. She is Ted's mother. B. He is Dave'suncle. B. They are Toeand Wendlz'schildren.
Her name is Amy. His name is lim. Their names are Linda and Scott.
A. How old is she? A. How old is he? A. How old are they?
B. She is 86 ]zearsold. B. He is 54 yearsold. B. They are 15 and 12 years old.

Jirn

Debbg
I

She is my daughter. Her name is...

[Link]

Draw your family tree or bring photos of

your family. Have your partner ask you
questionslike the ones above about your
family. Answer the [Link] and repeat.

BunprNc Brocxs oF ENGLTsH

 >=**
CHAPTER BasicPoints;The "Be"

Use the pictures below and practice the conversationswith your partner. Switch and repeat.

EA. How much is this watch? EA. How much are thesepens?
B. It's 43 de'1ffi3'5rents. B. They're 3 dollars and 68 cents.
[Link] A. I'll take them.

watch/ $43.35 pens/ $3.68

towels/ $14.68 microwave

/ $125.00 jacketl$72.'15 CDs/ $36.47

ties/ $18.62 dishwasher/ $499.95 candles

/ $15.21 rug/ $27.89

painting
/ $113.00 camera/ $624.50 socks/ $12.13 necklace/ $95.95

ilarnql

One student (or team) thinks of the price of a thing

or things (for example, $120.95for a radio, $38.55for
three plants). The other students (or teams) guesshow
much it is or they are. Start the game with the sentence,
'Ifow muchis this radio?"or "Ifow mucharetheseplants?"
The student (or team) that comesclosestto guessing
the price without guessingtoo high gets one point.
Ten points win the game.

BurrorNc Brocrs oF ENGLISH

 CHAPTER Basic Points; The ..8e" Verb

Draw a line from eachperson or,people to a thing or things, but don't show your partner. Then your
partner asksyou questionslike the onesbelow to find out which thing or things bllongs to which person
or
people and connectsthe thing or things to the people. Afterwards, checkyorrrlnrl""r"] S*it.h and repeat.

A. Is the newspaperTed's? A. the blankets Karen's?

B. No, it's not his. B. No, they're not hers.
A. Is it Lisa's? A. Are they Brad and Debby's?
B. Yes,it's hers. B. Yes,they're theirs.

Jog ond
Mong

I
I
I John qnd
I Rifo
I \
I I
t I
\ I
\ I
,
I
newsPqPen foofhbnosh I
I

One student or the teacher thinks of a word and draws lines

o. lpt
for each letter of that word on the board. Students (or teams)
take turns and guess a letter of the word. If the letter is in the
r{h
word, the student or teacher writes that letter over the correct
line on the board. If the letter is not in the word, the student
or teacher draws a part of the hangman until the head, body,
arms, legs, and face are drawn. The student (or team) that
guesses the word before the hangman is drawn wins. rno _:\J
I

Bunowc Brocrs oF ENGLTsH

@i Read the story.
Hi, my name is Ted. I am an engineer. This is a photo of my family. That is my wife. My wife's
name is Karen. Those are my parents. Their names are Don and Amy. Our children's names are Lisa,
Dave, and Tom. Those are our grandchildren. Brad is seven years old, Debby is five year old, and
Greg is a year old. That is our dog. His name is Spot and our cat's name is Fluffy.
Hi, my name is ]ay. This is my family. That is my wife. Her name is Mary. I am an architect and she
is a teacher. Those are our children. My son is Alex. His wife's name is Kim. Their children s names
arc Liz and Jane. They are a year old. They are twins. My daughter's name is Kate and my other son's
name is Luke. Luke and Kate are students. Our dog's name is Speedy.

@f Answer the questions with a complete sentence.

1.) Is Ted an engineer?
2.) What is Ted's wife's name?
3.) What are Ted's children s names?
4.) How old is Debby?
5.) How old is Greg?
6.) Is Jay an engineer?
7.) \{hat is Alex's wife's name?
8.) What are jay's granddaughters' names?
9.) How old are the twins?
10.) Are Luke and Kate students?

@f Write five questions about the story and ask your partner the questions.

@f Look at the picture but not the story and tell the story to your partner. You don't have to be exact.

@l Write a story about your family. Read the story to your partner.

BunprNc Brocxs oF ENGLISH 9