6
CHAPTER
THE DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK
Introduction Development Framework
Since Calbayog City is not that competitive against other cities in the region, the proposed development One of the reasons for developing a comprehensive and holistic development framework is to think more
framework highlights a more inclusive picture of development by developing its CAPACITY than based on strategically about the sequencing of future policies, programs, and projects and the pacing of reforms. While
OPPORTUNITY. It adopts a system in which the economic cycle together with the infrastructure, human the comprehensive approach emphasizes that must be addressed on all fronts, certain steps need to be taken
resources and structural policy aspects are put into one framework. Integration of each of these aspects is before others, which will be reflected later under the sectoral plans and strategy of the master plan.
imperative both at the local and national levels. The framework, however, should not become a straight jacket.
Flexibility to adjust to the varied conditions is practically needed. But over time, all the requirements of Structural Policies
development are addressed in a holistic framework to assure competitive, stable, equitable and sustainable
development. Good and Clean Government
The Economic Cycle A city must have an educated and well- organized government. This requires capacity building, an open
legislative and transparent regulatory system, properly trained and remunerated officials and an absolute
Most local economies followed a vicious cycle of development. Severe fiscal crisis plagues local governments commitment to clean government. While building an effective government framework is difficult, it will
bedeviled by chronic and huge budget deficits. These deficits partly came from unrealized income, mismatch become impossible if there is corruption which is the single most corrosive aspect of development and must be
of resources, increases in spending, and overgrowth of the public sector. This forced the local governments to fought systemically at all possible levels. Particularly, it must start with a vigorous commitment from the
cut back investments in both infrastructure and social services, thus affecting focus on structural policies. leadership to fight corruption on all levels, with initiatives both to prevent if from happening and a system for
finding and punishing wrongdoers where corruption exists. The lead must come from the top and efforts
The poor infrastructure and social services and inconsistent policies lead to low investment formation and must be persistent and unyielding.
incompetitiveness of human resources and facilities. This in turn leads to low income, low employment and
instability, which lead to low consumption, poor motivation to work and social upheaval. These last three Well-Organized and Supervised Financial System
factors result in low productivity.
Recent significant evidence from Asian cities and other cities of the world showed that unless a financial system
Low productivity, in turn, means poor purchasing power, low standard of living and low quality of life, which, is well organized, audited and supervised, any city is at risk and the people who suffer most are the poor.
on the one hand, will discourage existing and potential investors from expanding and investing more, and on Accordingly, a local government must establish an effective supervisory system for its local finances to ensure a
the other hand, affects the revenue received by the local government. This vicious cycle, however, will work well-functioning and stable financial system.
favorably unless an effective and efficient fiscal and monetary policy is applied.
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FIGURE 6.1
THE DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK
AGRO- COASTAL
INDUSTRIAL RESOURCES
Quality
of
SOCIAL Life INVESTMENT
SERVICES Infrastructure Human Resources Structural Policy PROMOTION
Investments Competitiveness
HOUSING ENVIRONMENTAL
DEVELOPMENT Standard MANAGEMENT
of
Living Income Employment Orderliness
Motivation to
Consumption Sustainability
Work
LAND USE URBAN DESIGN
Purchasing
Power Productivity Social Cohesion
INFRASTRUCTURE SOLIDWASTE
DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT
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Social Safety Net and Social Programs To develop entrepreneurs and small to medium-sized business enterprises, at least three basic supports are
required, namely, credit, training and support services. These supports should be applied not only to the
A city’s history and culture as well as its state of economic development, will dictate the extent and nature of formal sector but also to the informal sector, with the objective of promoting the transition from the informal
social programs a government can or wishes to provide. But whether by informal arrangement, familial or by to the formal sector.
government-provided programs, provision must be made for the elderly, the poor, the disadvantage and
disabled, for children, for those men and women unable to find work, and those affected by disasters. Environmental and Cultural Issues
While macroeconomic management is never perfect – there will always be some fluctuations in output and Pollution cannot only kill but it can have severe adverse impacts on economic activity and on growth.
employment – the most effective safety net is a policy which maintains full employment. Deep recessions and Volumes have been written on the subject of environment - on the preservation of natural resources from
depressions have adverse effects on virtually every one of the elements of the development strategy: health forests to bio-diversity, on the quality of air and water, on its significance as an economic factor. Protection of
deteriorates, schooling is interrupted, and poverty increases. Formal safety nets are but an imperfect stop-gap environment is now an issue that translates into regional, national and local strategies.
measure in addressing the failures of effective macro policies to maintain the economy at full employment.
Aside from environment, cultural preservation is also crucial not only historic sites and artifacts, but also the
This whole area of social programs is very difficult and is heavily dependent on available resources. But it is spoken word and the arts. There can be no development without preserving the people’s history and culture,
crucial to the long-term peace and stability of any city and must rank high on the agenda, particularly for particularly in a new, globalized environment where there is pressure for “sameness” in all parts of the country.
international and development agencies working with the local government. Culture can be justified for tourism, for industry and for employment, but it must also be seen as an essential
element in preserving and enhancing local pride and spirit.
Sound Investment and Trade Policies
Human Resource Development
The city’s investment policies should have two fundamental aims: in the short run, investment strategy should
seek to attract either local or foreign investment; in the long run, it should guide those investments for the Education
maximum long-term benefit of the city’s economy.
The single most important key to development and to poverty alleviation is education. This must start with
Developing competitive strategies for investment marketing activities require manipulating three elements in universal primary education, as well as an open and competitive system of secondary and tertiary education.
marketing programs: 1) product: the intrinsic advantages and disadvantages of investing in the city, ranging Construction of schools, modern curricula geared to the new technological age, and the real needs of the
from general investment attractiveness to specific investment sites’ attractiveness; 2) price: tax incentives, emerging local market, and effective teacher training and supervision all contribute to successful educational
grants, and other price mechanisms; and 3) promotion: activities that disseminate information about, or programs. Adult education, literacy and lifelong learning must be combined with the fundamental recognition
attempt to create a favorable image of the investment site. that education is central to process of development.
Technology transfer policies, when coupled with policies supporting exports and investment in human and A government must also be careful to learn lessons of practice and history from local communities, so that
physical capital, may produce greater technological spillovers and economic payoffs from foreign to domestic education is not imposed from afar but benefits from relevant local, communal experience. Preschool
entrepreneurs and firms. Government trade promotion and assistance, on the other hand, play an increasingly education must be given its full weight in programs. This can be a key to the development of a child, the level
important role in today’s growing international competition. of education reached, and thus the eventual achievement.
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To also employ education policies successfully, two main features should be incorporated: the external Power
effectiveness or impact of the program and internal efficiency of the system. Apart from the formal education
system, recycling the city’s labor forces should be implemented to make labor more responsive to changes in Reliable, cheap and consistent supplies of power are needed for sustaining economic growth and security. It is
technology and job shifts. also a major issue for private investments, which not only calls for an adequate and reliable source but also
appropriately priced of energy.
Health and Social Welfare
Availability of power is not only an issue of convenience but saves time of searching for alternative fuels
It is obviously crucial that parents are supported and that children get adequate health care before and during particularly in rural areas.
school years or they will have their capacities diminished. Government must ensure the provision of health
services for adults and elderly at communal and local levels, as well as services for social welfare. These services Roads, Transportation and Telecommunication
can come from a variety of sources, both public and private. Specialized and competitive health care and social
welfare facilities should be emphasized and provided. An adequate road system is the starting point of development. Roads make possible trade and services,
provisions of health care, and getting children to school. Roads are essential to link rural to urban areas and
Housing Facilities vice-versa. Sea and air transportation systems are also key to growth and link cities to regional and
international markets.
The urban development also requires the provision of housing facilities. Housing merits special attention
considering the acute housing situation in urban areas where a large proportion of the urban population live in In addition to roads and transportation, access to telecommunications for trade, information and education
slum and squatter settlements. Policy recommendations and strategies highlighted under the Medium-Term will be absolutely essential to development in the succeeding years. Without appropriate telecommunication,
Philippine Development Plan (MTPDP) and Republic Act 7279 “Urban Development Housing Act whether it be telephone or e-mail, computers or wind-up radios without batteries, poverty will not be fought
(UDHA)” to address the problem of housing in urban parts of the city should be followed and adopted. and equity and opportunity will not be provided. Without access to modern communications, the difference
between the rich and the poor will increase due to the knowledge gap, and growth will be restrained.
Infrastructure
Technology
Water and Sewerage
Governments play a vital part in creating the proper conditions and supportive environment within which
With majority of households either not having access to clean water or without access to drainage/sewerage, industries can successfully select and develop commercial technology. Some of these are: 1) enhancing the
and with the increasing demand for water from residence, commercial and industrial establishments, an university-industry relationship; 2) applying tax and subsidy schemes for industrial R&D support; and 3)
effective method of distribution, delivery, finding, and saving water is fundamental. So too is a strategy for implementing the protection of intellectual property rights. The government may also initiates projects that
drainage/sewerage, which not only pollutes water supplies but also affects health in a dramatic way. will steer technology development, e.g., research parks, industrial zone, etc.
A sustainable water supply will have an increasing impact on peace, investment, and development in years to This development framework shall evolve within the parameter of following sectors the master plan wished to
come, as well as on the individual lives of people, particularly in rural and urban areas of the city. accomplish. These are: agro-industrialization, investment promotion, human resources, shelter or housing,
infrastructure, solidwaste management, land use, coastal resources, environmental management and urban
design.
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Strategic Directions Conditions must be created for a climate of investor confidence – with appropriate local laws, transparent
regulations, and predictable taxes. The local government must give certainty of the investor about the “rules of
Three specific groupings of strategic directions to address issues mentioned earlier require special attention, the game”. Provision of credit, subsidies, source of funding for projects all play a part in the competitive
namely a rural development strategy, an urban development strategy, and strategy to promote and maintain search by the local government for investment and job creation. Nothing is more significant to economic
private investment. Each of these strategies will build upon the issues already discussed. growth than the private sector.
Rural Development Strategy Private sector offers know-how, training and investment which essential for development and for the creation
of employment opportunities. Private sector involvement is essential for Information Technology (IT) and
With the largest concentration of poor families are living in rural areas, it is important for the local Science and Technology (S&T) – a critical factor for competitive growth. One should also note that many
government to establish a coherent rural strategy. It is not sufficient to have new crops and agricultural public projects can now be undertaken by the private sector; e.g. water, power and communications, and that
extension programs if there is no provision for trading, for microcredit, for storage, for transportation, and for in many economies, privatization of government-owned enterprises is a significant element in sustainable
non-monopolistic outlets. In addition, there must be technical assistance to farmers and manufacturers of growth and in balancing government’s budget.
agricultural produce.
Calbayog City’s Development Vision
The local government need to think of alternative integrated solutions to rural development, not just
individual or communal programmatic help. Integrated action does not mean a return to complex A development vision is a long-term statement of what the people want their community to become in the
comprehensive and complicated development planning, but get beyond individual and communal future. It is an expression of the most basic community values that reflect the general agreement of the
programmatic help in order to be effective. community members about their aspirations in life. When fully disseminated, understood, and agreed the
development vision will serve as guide to what the members of the community will be doing now and in the
Urban Development Strategy future.
With growing population expected to occur in 2000-2015 and with growth concentrated in urban areas, Vision Statement
ample solutions are needed to address special problems in urban management.
A review of the past plans of Calbayog City revealed the following vision statement as contained in the City
The local government must have an urban strategy which differs from the overall national or provincial Development Strategy prepared by the City Planning and Development Office (CPDO):
strategy to the extent that concentration of population in favor of cities causes special and unique problems.
Updating and monitoring of urban plan and appropriate action will be crucial in the following years. Calbayog City
developed and transformed
Private Sector Strategy
into a sustainable agri-industrial community,
It is clear that the engine of growth is the private sector, both domestic and foreign. A vibrant private sector serves as trading and economic growth center
requires that crucial elements of structural policy are in place. These include local investment and trade
policies, tax policies, competition and regulatory policy, and local governance.
in Region VIII.
The city’s development vision is anchored on the acronym CALBAYOG which means:
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• Competence using its This goal is anchored on a number of principles. Shortened GO FORWARD, it includes the following:
• Agricultural opportunities in order to become
G Good governance
• Livable and
• Bankable, O Organizational reform
• Achieved by
F Financial stability
• Youthful outlook development through
O On-going consultation
• Outstanding
R Reduction of Poverty
• Governance
W Work for the people
Mission Statement
A Agricultural productivity and economic recovery
R Rehabilitation of natural resources
The following mission statement further elucidate the city’s vision of development as found in the City D Development anchored
Development Strategy:
Development Challenges
To uplift the quality of life
The framework proposed in this plan considers both the inner strength and weaknesses of the city and the
of God-loving Calbayognons
outside opportunities and threats that it is facing now.
led by well-motivated and professional public officials
and employees of integrity, in partnership Internal Factors::
with a self-determining community.
Strength
Goal Statement
The strength of the city lies in the following factors:
To become more meaningful the city’s development vision is transformed into the following statement of the
1. Its strategic location which makes it a logical gateway for the whole Samar Island where its seaport and
overall goal of the city:
airport converge with the Pan-Philippine Highway to make the transport of goods and people to and from
Calbayog City highly viable with competition coming only from the distant cities of Tacloban City and
To make our city Ormoc City in Leyte;
more livable and competent
2. The presence in Calbayog City of the largest concentration of population in Samar Island which allow
that each Calbayognon may become
many business enterprises to operate at an optimum scale and which with the addition of the market from
proud of their city. its neighboring town will even make their operation more profitable;
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3. The relatively advance business, social, and physical infrastructure now prevailing in the city that makes its 5. The unreliability of the city’s power supply that disrupt production and business;
easier to take-of to a higher stage of development even with just a minimum of investment in these
facilities; 6. The constricting two-lane highway that passed through the heart of the city and other city streets that
provide little space for parking and the pedestrian traffic;
4. The availability of extensive urban land in the city that makes it easy for industrial, commercial, housing,
and other urban land use to expand; 7. Finally, Calbayog faces the misfortune of being wrongly classified by many potential investors as part of
the typhoon-prone, rebel-infested, and poverty ridden Eastern Visayas region that has to be avoided similar
5. The presence of wide agricultural land and long coastal line and the Samar Sea which when properly to what many of the people in the region themselves are unpatriotically doing when they leave their
managed and exploited will continue to provide the rural population of the city with a secure source of birthplace to start a new life elsewhere in the country or abroad.
employment and income;
External Forces:
6. The growing number of Calbayog city’s population that are hard working and responsive to new
development in business and the economy; In this new age of the information revolution and highly interconnected national and global economy no place
however small is immune from the impact of any outside events. These impacts can be an opportunity that
7. Finally, forward-looking officials who understand the new demand for improved governance and a re- must be sized up if the city has to benefit from it in terms of more business and income for its people or a
engineered bureaucracy now run the city government of Calbayog City. threat that must be avoided whenever possible. The following are the expected opportunities and threats of the
city.
Weaknesses
Opportunities
Ranged against the strength of the city are a number of negative forces that could weaken its future prospect:
1. The rapid growth of information and communication technology now makes it easier for smaller cities to
1. Firstly, Calbayog faces the misfortune of being jointly classified by many potential investors as part of the size up new business opportunities or attract new investors;
typhoon-prone, rebel-infested, and poverty ridden Eastern Visayas region that has to be avoided similar to
what many of the people in the region themselves are doing when they leave their birthplace to start a new 2. The increasing mobility of domestic and international capital which makes its easier for Calbayog to attract
life elsewhere in the country or abroad. once the right business atmosphere of the city is in place and an investment promotion program is
mounted;
2. Low agricultural productivity due to the continued use of traditional production method;
3. Lastly, the expectation of a faster economic recovery of the country after the next election in 2004 will also
3. The limited capacity of the city’s airport and seaport that prevents more and bigger boats and aircraft to help the city to grow and develop fast because of its natural competitive advantages.
land;
Threats
4. The absence of modern hotels, restaurants, specialized stores, malls, cultural centers, entertainment places,
and other modern facilities and services to meet the increasingly discriminating tastes of some segment of 1. The first threat is the poor investment climate of the country because of the prevailing political and
the local population and visitors to the city; economic uncertainties that make it generally a poor choice for foreign investors who favor to put their
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money in our more stable and fast growing economies in Asia and the Pacific.
2. Second, the new nautical highway which connects Luzon to the islands of Panay, Negros and Mindanao
without passing through the island of Samar and Leyte will diminishing the importance of the old Pan-
Philippine Highway that passed through Calbayog City.
3. Finally, there is a threat coming usually from Tacloban City whose presence and continued growth will
also mean a bigger influence on the island of Samar at the expense of Calbayog City on account of the
strategic location of Tacloban at the end of the bridge that connects the adjoining islands of Samar and
Leyte.
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