Understanding Bernoulli's Equation
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daabgchiUnderstanding Bernoulli's Equation
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daabgchiTopic 3: Bernoulli’s Equation
Objectives:
1. To understand the Bernoulli’s Equation and able to use Bernoulli’s Equation
to solve flow problems.
2. To understand the Torricelli Equation and able to use Torricelli Equation to
solve flow problems.
Lecture Outline:
1. The energy balance for a steady, incompressible flow, open system:
2. Preliminary form of BE
3. Friction heating involves the conversion of some other kind of energy (kinetic or
potential) or of external work (injection, shaft or expansion) into internal energy.
For constant density materials, the only other way the internal energy per unit
mass can change is through external heating or cooling. Friction heating is often
referred to as friction loss.
4. Friction heating per unit mass for constant density flow:
5. The head form of BE
6. Many flow problems in which the friction heating terms are small compared with
other terms and can be neglected. These could be solved by means of BE without
the friction heating term. Torricelli’s equation says that the fluid velocity is
exactly the same as the velocity the fluid would attain by falling freely from rest a
distance h.
7. A tank is full of water and open at the top. There is a frictionless nozzle near the
bottom, the diameter of which is small compared with the diameter of the tank.
What is the velocity of the flow out of the nozzle?
8. Repeat the question point 7 with the area of the outlet nozzle is 0.3 m 2 and the
cross-sectional area of the tank is 1 m2.
9. Repeat the question in point 7, making the tank contain carbon dioxide gas at the
same temperature and pressure as the surrounding atmosphere. Height of the tank
is 9 m.